Description: Acoustic presence data on Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) were obtained from passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data collected at five different positions in the Weddell Sea and along the Greenwich meridian between March 2008 and November 2013. Passive acoustic recorders used were of type Sono.Vault (manufactured by develogic GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) or type AURAL (Autonomous Underwater Recorder for Acoustic Listening (AURAL; Model 2, Multi-Électronique). The acoustic recorders were attached to oceanographic deep-sea moorings of the Hybrid Antarctic Float Observation System (HAFOS) and a total of 10 acoustic recorders was deployed during three consecutive periods of recorder deployment: March 2008-December 2010; December 2010-December 2012; and December 2012-December 2014. Recorders were moored at depths between ca. 200 m and 1000 m. Sono.Vault recorders were scheduled to record continuously at sample rates of 5,333 Hz. AURAL recorders were scheduled to record on duty cycles of 4.5 min per 3 hours or 5 min per 4 hours at sample rates of 32.768 Hz. After recovery, the passive acoustic data were prepared for further analysis following the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for PAM data collected by the Ocean Acoustics Group of AWI according to Thomisch et al. (2023a, regarding definitions and terminology) and Thomisch et al. (2023b, with regard to data preparation procedures). Daily acoustic presence of Antarctic blue whales was assessed based on automated detections of Z-call vocalizations by spectrogram cross-correlation using a pre-defined spectrogram template in a frequency band from 17.5 to 29 Hz. Received levels were obtained for each detected Z-call, as sound pressure level SPLrms [dB re: 1μPa] within the 25–29 Hz band of each detected Z-call event, for details on automated detection please refer to Thomisch et al. (2016). To avoid a spatial mismatch between the actual position of calling animals and the recorders, ABW detections were filtered to only keep detections that originated from within a ~10 km radius from the recorders. Assuming a source level of 189 dB re: 1μPa over 25–29 Hz and a spherical transmission loss TL[dB] = 20log₁₀(r), approximate distances between vocalizing Antarctic blue whales and the respective recording site locations were estimated for each detected Z-call. Daily acoustic presences were estimated as days with at least one detection event within a ~10 km radius of the respective recording sites; i.e., Z-calls with calculated received levels of ≥109 dB, considering a nominal TL of 80 dB. Data presented in this current publication series were used together in presence-only species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the year-round habitat suitability of Antarctic blue whales in the Weddell Sea (El-Gabbas et al. 2023). Data contain information on the detection time and the estimated received level SPLrms [dB re: 1μPa] for each Antarctic blue whale vocalization within a ~10 km radius from the respective recorders.

Description: Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data were collected by the Perennial Acoustic Observatory in the Antarctic Ocean (PALAOA) near Neumayer Station III at 70.5028° S, 8.2057° W, on the Ekström ice shelf, Antarctica. This long-term observatory was set up in 2005 (Kindermann et al. 2007, hdl:10013/epic.30936.d001). After modifications of the hardware setup in December 2014, PALAOA collected passive acoustic data using a Sono.Vault recorder (manufactured by develogic GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). From 01 January 2022 to 27 February 2022, PALAOA recorded continuously at a sample rate of 96 kHz, at 155 m depth. Recording ended due to the breakoff of part of the ice shelf in February 2022, which damaged the recording hardware (see also Report on Expedition PS129, https://doi.org/10.57738/BzPM_0776_2023). Further details about the data acquisition and processing of this data set can be found in the accompanying metadata file (see Additional metadata) as well as the data processing report (see Data Processing Report). Passive acoustic data archived here represent data processing Level 1+, according to the standards defined in the associated Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Glossary (Thomisch et al. 2023a). Further information on data processing with regard to data preparation and standardization can be found in the associated SOP Part 1: Data preparation and standardization (Thomisch et al. 2023b). We thankfully acknowledge the support of the Neumayer Station overwintering teams, and in particular of the radio operators, in maintaining and operating PALAOA.

Description: Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data were collected by the Perennial Acoustic Observatory in the Antarctic Ocean (PALAOA) near Neumayer Station III at 70.4261° S, 8.2161° W, on the Ekström ice shelf, Antarctica. This long-term observatory was set up in 2005 (Kindermann et al. 2007, hdl:10013/epic.30936.d001). After modifications of the hardware setup in December 2014, PALAOA collected passive acoustic data using a Sono.Vault recorder (manufactured by develogic GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). From 01 January 2021 to 31 December 2021, PALAOA recorded continuously at a sample rate of 96 kHz, at 155 m depth. Further details about the data acquisition and processing of this data set can be found in the accompanying metadata file (see Additional metadata) as well as the data processing report (see Data Processing Report). Passive acoustic data archived here represent data processing Level 1+, according to the standards defined in the associated Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Glossary (Thomisch et al. 2023a). Further information on data processing with regard to data preparation and standardization can be found in the associated SOP Part 1: Data preparation and standardization (Thomisch et al. 2023b). We thankfully acknowledge the support of the Neumayer Station overwintering teams, and in particular of the radio operators, in maintaining and operating PALAOA.

Description: Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data were collected by recorder AU0086 of type AURAL (Autonomous Underwater Recorder for Acoustic Listening (AURAL); Model 2, Multi-Électronique) at 66.6117° S, 27.1218° W, mooring AWI209-6, in the Weddell Sea, Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Passive acoustic data were collected from December 2010 to December 2012 by AU0086 as part of the Hybrid Antarctic Float Observing System (HAFOS) in the Weddell Sea. The recorder was moored at 207 m depth and scheduled to record at a duty cycle of 4.5 min per 3 h at a sample rate of 32,768 Hz. Further details about the data acquisition and processing of this data set can be found in the accompanying metadata file (see Additional metadata) as well as the data processing report (see Data Processing Report). Passive acoustic data archived here represent data processing Level 1+, according to the standards defined in the associated Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) Glossary (Thomisch et al. 2023a). Further information on data processing with regard to data preparation and standardization can be found in the associated SOP Part 1: Data preparation and standardization (Thomisch et al. 2023b).

Description: Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data were collected by recorder SV1096 of type Sono.Vault (manufactured by develogic GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) at 79.1665° N, 6.3327° E, mooring F4-OZA, in Fram Strait. During a deployment period from September 2018 to July 2020, passive acoustic data were collected from September 2018 to August 2019 (recording period) by SV1096 as part of the Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring (FRAM) observatory in Fram Strait. The recorder was moored at 836 m depth and scheduled to record continuously at a sample rate of 48,000 Hz. Further details about the data acquisition and processing of this data set can be found in the accompanying metadata file (see Additional metadata) as well as the data processing report (see Data Processing Report). Passive acoustic data archived here represent data processing Level 1+, according to the standards defined in the associated Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) Glossary (Thomisch et al. 2023a). Further information on data processing with regard to data preparation and standardization can be found in the associated SOP Part 1: Data preparation and standardization (Thomisch et al. 2023b).

Description: Acoustic presence data on Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) were obtained from passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data collected at 66°02.12' S and 00°02.98' E, mooring AWI230-08, recorder SV1009, between December 2012 and September 2013. The passive acoustic recorder was of type Sono.Vault (manufactured by develogic GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) and attached to oceanographic deep-sea mooring AWI230-08 of the Hybrid Antarctic Float Observation System (HAFOS). It was deployed from December 2012 to December 2014, moored at a depth of 949 m and recorded continuously at a sample rate of 5,333 Hz. After recovery, the passive acoustic data were prepared for further analysis following the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for PAM data collected by the Ocean Acoustics Group of AWI according to Thomisch et al. (2023a, regarding definitions and terminology) and Thomisch et al. (2023b, with regard to data preparation procedures). Daily acoustic presence of Antarctic blue whales was assessed based on automated detections of Z-call vocalizations by spectrogram cross-correlation using a pre-defined spectrogram template in a frequency band from 17.5 to 29 Hz. Received levels were obtained for each detected Z-call, as sound pressure level SPLrms [dB re: 1μPa] within the 25–29 Hz band of each detected Z-call event, for details on automated detection please refer to Thomisch et al. (2016). To avoid a spatial mismatch between the actual position of calling animals and the recorders, ABW detections were filtered to only keep detections that originated from within a ~10 km radius of the respective recording sites. Assuming a source level of 189 dB re: 1μPa over 25–29 Hz and a spherical transmission loss TL[dB] = 20log₁₀(r), approximate distances between vocalizing Antarctic blue whales and the respective recording site locations were estimated for each detected Z-call. Daily acoustic presences were estimated as days with at least one detection event within a ~10 km radius of the respective recording sites; i.e., Z-calls with calculated received levels of ≥109 dB, considering a nominal TL of 80 dB. Data presented in this publication series were used together in presence-only species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the year-round habitat suitability of Antarctic blue whales in the Weddell Sea (El-Gabbas et al., under review). Data contain information on the detection time and the estimated received level SPLrms [dB re: 1μPa] for each Antarctic blue whale vocalization within a ~10 km radius of recorder SV1009, mooring site AWI230-08.

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity), ocean current velocities, hydroacoustics and multi-frequency acoustic backscatter were obtained from mooring F5-18 in the Fram Strait in September 2018 - July 2020 as part of the Helmholtz infrastructure program Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring (FRAM) and the long-term monitoring program at AWI HAUSGARTEN. The mooring was deployed during RV MARIA S. MERIAN expedition MSM76 and recovered during MSM93. The attached archive contains raw data files of three Seabird SBE37 microcats (nominal depths: 46m, 247m, 731m; sampling interval 20 min), one RDI 600kHz ADCP (nominal depth: 34m; sampling interval 30min), one RDI Longranger ADCP (nominal depth: 403m; sampling interval 1h) and one AADI RCM11 current meter (nominal depth: 730m; sampling interval 2h). The 600kHz ADCP wasn't aligned correctly in the water column due to issues with the attached flotations. Therefore, the data is likely not usable. The mooring also included one ASL Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler (nominal depth: 135m; data archived elsewhere) and one Develogic Sonovault (nominal depth: 790m; data also archived elsewhere). Auxiliary information such as sensor calibration sheets, mooring diagrams and schedule files are also provided, if applicable.

Description: Time series data of hydroacoustics and multi-frequency acoustic backscatter were obtained from mooring F4-OZA in the Fram Strait in September 2018 - July 2020 as part of the Helmholtz infrastructure program Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring (FRAM) and the long-term monitoring program at AWI HAUSGARTEN. The mooring was deployed during RV MARIA S. MERIAN expedition MSM76 and recovered during MSM93. The mooring included one ASL Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler (nominal depth: 155m; data archived elsewhere) and one Develogic Sonovault (nominal depth: 836m; data also archived elsewhere). The attached .zip file only contains the mooring diagrams.