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  • Pharmacology  (2)
  • Asthma bronchiale  (1)
  • Bioengineering.  (1)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel : Karger
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Engineering methods ; Skin Diseases diagnosis ; Cosmetic Techniques ; Diagnostic Imaging methods ; Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Skin anatomy & histology ; Dermatology ; Pharmacology ; Occupational Diseases ; Toxicology
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Non-invasive bioengineering techniques have become indispensable tools both in the development of drugs and cosmetics and in clinical dermatology. These techniques enable researchers to study the structure and function of human skin objectively and quantitatively. Recent technological developments have brought new techniques into the laboratory and the hospital, among them magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography and microdialysis. This book describes these state-of-the-art developments, details the application of skin bioengineering techniques for clinical purposes, shows their use in the testing of pharmaceutics and cosmetics and provides an overview of the design and legal aspects of skin bioengineering testing. It will be essential reading for dermatologists, cosmetologists, pharmacologists and toxicologists
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: X + 252 S
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource Karger eBooks Collection 1997-2009
    ISBN: 9783318002416
    Serie: Current problems in dermatology 26
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Basel : Karger
    Schlagwort(e): Contact dermatitis ; Textile fabrics Physiological aspects ; Clothing and dress Health aspects ; Skin Diseases prevention & control ; Bandages ; Clothing ; Dermatitis, Contact etiology ; Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Textiles ; Dermatology ; Medical Engineering ; Pharmacology ; Preventive Medicine ; Textilien ; Hautkrankheit
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Completely new textile technologies have recently been developed with the goal of giving additional functionality to garments. Textiles have been improved to protect against UV radiation and toxic gases or to enhance breathability. In addition, they may have integrated sensors to diagnose medical conditions or may be equipped with carrier molecules to absorb substances from the skin and release therapeutic compounds. At the same time, the awareness of unwanted effects clothing may have on human health has increased. This volume familiarizes the dermatologist, allergologist and occupational physician with what he should know about textiles, and, on the other hand, the textile or chemical engineer with what he should know about the human skin. Further, it is divided into two parts the first of which discusses the functionality of textiles also in medicine, for instance in the prevention of skin infections or wound healing. The last part deals with allergic contact and irritant dermatitis and the risks of possible exposure to hazardous chemical residues in textiles. For the first time the knowledge of textile engineers and dermatologists has been brought together to stimulate a promising interchange
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Ausgabe: Karger eBooks Collection 1997-2009
    ISBN: 9783318008630
    Serie: Current problems in dermatology 31
    DDC: 616.97/3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , ""Contents""; ""Foreword""; ""What Dermatologists Should Know about Textiles""; ""What Textile Engineers Should Know about the Human Skin""; ""Clothing and Thermoregulation""; ""Clothing as Solar Radiation Protection""; ""Laundering in the Prevention of Skin Infections""; ""Functional Textiles in Prevention of Chronic Wounds,Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering""; ""Medical Elastic Compression Stockings in the Treatment of Venous Insufficiency""; ""Compression Treatment after Burns""; ""Occupational Contact Dermatitis in the Textile Industry"" , ""Irritant Dermatitis to Detergents in Textiles""""Textile Dyes as Allergic Contact Allergens""; ""Formaldehyde as a Textile Allergen""; ""Cutaneous Immediate-Type Reactions to Textiles""; ""Author Index""; ""Subject Index""
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Baton Rouge :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Schlagwort(e): Skin -- Measurement. ; Bioengineering. ; Skin absorption. ; Dehydration (Physiology). ; Electronic books.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Bioengineering of the skin, or more precisely the biophysical assessment of skin physiology, is moving rapidly from a descriptive approach to a deeper understanding of biophysical and biochemical processes. This second edition of the popular text Bioengineering of the Skin: Water and Stratum Corneum reflects the progress in the field, focusing on the dramatically improved understanding of skin physiology. Specifically, it reviews the shift in our understanding of the stratum corneum from an inert surrounding sheet to a biologically active compartment. The stratum corneum is the interface between the sometimes harsh environment and the internal turmoil of the human body. Based on a large number of recent publications, this book explains the mechanisms involved in stratum corneum barrier function and hydration. It reflects 10 years of progress not only of the non-invasive biophysical assessment of skin physiology parameter, but also of the perfection of the available devices. It brings all research on epidermal water and transepidermal water loss in health and disease up-to-date with the revision of existing chapters as well as added chapters from new contributors on hydration and itching. This edition also includes new guidelines on the standardization of measurements. Bioengineering of the Skin will enhance communication within the research community and will be useful for scientists in the skin bioengineering field by presenting methods that offer reliable and reproducible approaches for product testing in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as well as for basic research.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    Seiten: 1 online resource (440 pages)
    Ausgabe: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9781420040111
    Serie: Dermatology: Clinical and Basic Science Series
    DDC: 617
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Front cover -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Biographies -- Contributors -- Table of Contents -- Part I -- Introduction -- 1 -- Water-Lipid Interaction -- I. Introduction -- II. Lipid Classes Found in the Epidermis -- A. Fatty Acids -- B. Phospholipids and Cholesterol -- C. Glycolipids -- D. Ceramides -- E. Cholesterol Sulfate -- F. Cholesteryl Esters -- III. Stratum Corneum Lipids -- A. Chemistry -- B. Phase Behavior -- IV. Stratum Corneum Lipid Liposomes -- A. Experimental Applications -- B. Commercial Applications -- References -- 2 -- Water-Keratin Interactions -- I. Introduction -- II. SC and Hair: Similarities and Differences -- III. Sorption Isotherms of Keratins and Other Related Techniques -- IV. Tightly Bound Water -- V. Bound Water -- VI. Free Water -- VII. Influence of Lipids and Hydrosoluble Materials -- VIII. SC and Hair Swelling -- IX. Conclusion -- References -- 3 -- Stratum Corneum pH and Ions - Distribution and Importance -- I. Ph of Stratum Corneum - Formation and Importance -- A. Introduction -- B. Methods of Measurement -- C. Mechanisms Leading to SC Acidification -- 1. Histidine-to-Urocanic Acid Pathway -- 2. Phospholipid-to-Free Fatty Acid Pathway -- 3. Membrane Antiporters Regulate SC Acidification and Function -- D. Factors Affecting Human Surface pH -- 1. Endogenous Factors, Unrelated to Pathological Features -- 2. Gender -- 3. Endogenous Factors Related to Clinical Pathological Situations -- 4. Exogenous Factors -- E. Importance of pH for the Barrier -- F. pH Antimicrobial Function -- II. Ions -- A. Calcium -- 1. Distribution of the Calcium Ion within the Epidermis and the Cellular Compartments -- 2. Ontogenesis of the Calcium Gradient -- 3. Visualization of the Calcium Distribution in the Epidermis -- 4. Barrier Disruption and Calcium (Figure 3.3) -- 5. Electric Potential and Calcium -- 6. Origin of the Calcium Gradient. , 7. Calcium as a Second Messenger -- 8. Importance of the Calcium Ion -- 9. Pathologic Conditions and Calcium -- B. Magnesium -- C. Potassium -- D. Sodium -- References -- 4 -- Occlusion -- I. Definition -- II. Epidermal Effects -- A. Role of Water -- B. Effects on Intraepidermal Processes -- III. Influence of the Occlusion Time -- IV. Occlusive Materials and Wound Healing -- V. Absorption -- VI. Therapeutic USE -- VII. Measurement Parameters and Techniques -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Part II -- Transepidermal Water Loss and Barrier Function -- 5 -- Transepidermal Water Loss Measurements in Dermato-Cosmetic Sciences -- I. Introduction -- II. TEWL Measurement Techniques -- III. Variables Affecting TEWL Measurements -- A. Environmental Conditions-Linked Variables -- 1. Probe Temperature -- 2. Air Circulation -- 3. Environmental Temperature and Relative Humidity -- 4. Light Sources -- 5. Ionizing Radiation -- B. Person-Linked Variables -- 1. Age and Gender -- 2. Ethnic Differences -- 3. Anatomical Sites -- 4. Skin Surface Temperature and Sweating -- 5. Skin Damage and Diseases -- 6. Circadian Rhythm -- 7. Stress -- III. Applications of TEWL Measurements -- A. Claim Support for Cosmetic Products -- 1. Skin Mildness -- 2. Reduction of Irritative Skin Reactions -- 3. Modulation of the Barrier Function -- 4. Protection of the Skin in Occupational Settings -- 5. Increase in Skin Hydration, Improvement of Moisturizing Properties of Skin Care Products -- 6. Positive Effect on the Shaving Process -- 7. Protective Effects against Ultraviolet Damage -- B. Development of Innovative Cosmetic Ingredients and Finished Products -- C. Use of Noninvasive Methodology in Safety Testing of Cosmetics on Human Skin -- D. Improvement of Topical Therapeutic Treatment by the Use of Noninvasive Methodology -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- 6. , Ultrasound and Water in the Stratum Corneum -- I. Introduction -- II. Ultrasound and Water Content in Irritant Reactions -- References -- 7 -- Standardization of Measurements and Guidelines -- I. Introduction -- II. Sources of Error and Associated Variables -- A. Instrument-Related Variables -- 1. Instrumental Variability, Start-Up, and Use -- 2. Zeroing -- 3. Measuring -- 4. Zero Drift -- 5. Use of the Probe Protection Covers -- 6. Calibration -- 7. Accuracy -- B. Environment-Related Variables -- 1. Air Convections -- 2. Ambient Air Temperature -- 3. Ambient Air Humidity -- 4. Light Sources -- 5. Skin Cleansing -- C. Individual-Related Variables -- 1. Age, Sex, and Race -- 2. Anatomical Sites -- 3. Sweating -- 4. Skin Surface Temperature -- 5. Skin Damage and Diseases -- 6. Circadian Rhythm -- 7. Intra- and Interindividual Variation -- III. Conclusions -- References -- 8 -- Transepidermal Water Loss and Its Relation to Barrier Function and Skin Irritation -- I. Definition of Transepidermal Water Loss -- II. Stratum Corneum Constituents and Barrier Function -- III. Measuring TEWL -- IV. TEWL as a Measure for Barrier Function -- V. TEWL as a Tool to Study the Irritant Potential of Chemicals -- VI. TEWL as a Tool to Monitor Disease Activity -- VII. TEWL as a Predictor for Susceptibility for Skin Irritation and Irritant Contact Dermatitis -- References -- 9 -- Transepidermal Water Loss and Allergic Contact Dermatitis -- I. Introduction -- II. TEWL Values in Patients with ACD -- A. Eczematous Skin -- B. Baseline Barrier Function at Healthy Skin Sites -- C. Skin Hyperreactivity -- D. ACD and Irritation -- III. TEWL and Patch Tests -- IV. TEWL and Topical Agents for ACD -- References -- 10 -- Prediction of Irritancy -- I. Introduction -- II. Extrinsic Factors -- A. Type of Compound -- B. Concentration of the Compound. , C. Duration of Exposure in the One-Time Occlusive Patch Test -- D. Other Exposure Methods -- III. Intrinsic Factors -- A. Preexposure Barrier Function -- B. Concomitant (Atopic) Dermatitis on Another Body Region -- C. The Influence of Mucosal Atopy on Skin Susceptibility -- D. Genetic Factors -- E. Prior Exposure to Irritants and Other Personal Habits -- IV. Predictive Testing in the Occupational Setting -- V. Comments -- References -- 11 -- Transepidermal Water Loss and Racial Differences -- I. Introduction -- II. Barrier Function -- III. Biophysical Parameters -- IV. Irritation -- V. Conclusion -- References -- 12 -- Sensitive Skin and Transepidermal Water Loss -- I. Epidemiology of Sensitive Skin -- II. What Is Subjective/Sensory Irritation? -- III. Pathomechanism -- IV. Correlation of Self-Assessed Effects and Subclinical Change -- V. Special Attributes of Skin of Stingers -- VI. Barrier Function of Stingers -- VII. Correlation of TEWL and Sensory Irritation -- References -- 13 -- Transepidermal Water Loss and Barrier Function of Aging Human Skin -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- A. Stratum Corneum as a Physical Barrier -- B. TEWL Measurements to Examine Skin Barrier Properties -- II. Cutaneous Permeability Barrier in the Elderly -- A. TEWL of Aging Skin -- B. Percutaneous Penetration and Skin Aging -- C. Proclivity to Skin Irritation of the Elderly -- III. Discussion -- A. Physicochemical Interpretation -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- 14 -- Atopic Dermatitis and Other Skin Diseases -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. TEWL in Atopic Dermatitis -- A. The Eczematous Skin in Atopic Dermatitis -- B. The Noneczematous Skin in Atopics -- C. TEWL as Predictor for the Development of Irritant Contact Dermatitis in Atopics? -- III. TEWL in Psoriasis and in Different Forms of Congenital Keratinization Disorders -- A. PSORIASIS. , B. Congenital Keratinization Disorders -- References -- 15 -- Transepidermal Water Loss and Dry Skin -- I. Introduction -- II. Characteristics of Dry Skin -- A. Clinical Symptoms -- B. Chemical Analysis -- C. Morphology and Function -- III. Dry Skin and Defects in the Barrier Function -- A. Genetic Factors -- B. Environmental and Behavioral Factors -- IV. Techniques for Barrier Function Assessment -- V. Treatment Effects -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- 16 -- Bioengineering Correlates of the Sensitive Skin Syndrome: The Sensory Irritation Component -- I. Defining Sensitive Skin -- II. Modeling the Sensory Irritation Component of the Sensitive Skin Syndrome: The Lactic Acid Sting Test (LAST) -- III. Factors Determining Chemically Induced Stinging -- IV. Stingers vs. Nonstingers: Differences Presumed Apparent from Bioengineering Measurements -- A. Statistically Significant Correlations -- B. Directional Trends with Less Clearly Established Statistical Significance -- V. Discussion -- References -- 17 -- Barrier Recovery -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Protective Mechanism of the Epidermis -- III. Barrier Disruption And Repair -- IV. Different Influences on Barrier Repair -- A. Environmental Humidity -- B. Electric Potential -- C. Psychological and Physiological Aspects -- D. Cosmetics -- E. Racial Differences -- V. Summary -- References -- 18 -- Testing the Efficacy of Moisturizers -- I. Introduction -- II. Definitions -- III. TEWL, Hydration of the SC, and Mode of Action of Moisturizers -- A. Water in the SC -- B. TEWL -- C. Effect of Hydration, Relationship with TEWL -- 1. Effects on Healthy Skin with Intact Barrier Function -- 2. Effects on Damaged/Diseased Skin or Skin with Modified Barrier Function -- D. Mode of Action of Moisturizers -- IV. Experimental Measurement of TEWL and Hydration -- A. Measurement of TEWL. , B. Measurement of Hydration.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Berufsdermatosen ; Kontaktekzem ; Asthma bronchiale ; Hydroxychloroquin ; Key words Occupational dermatoses ; Contact dermatitis ; Asthma ; Delayed-type allergy to hydroxychloroquine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary We report the case of a a 60 year-old worker in the pharmaceutical industry who suffered from recurring contact dermatitis. Initially the contact dermatitis was limited to the hands; later on it became generalized. The patient had been working on a drug filling line in a pharmaceutical plant for more than 20 years. Eight years after starting this job he had developed allergic hand dermatitis to 2,6-diaminopyridine (patch test positive); this healed upon cessation of exposure. Ten years later he again developed hand dermatitis which progressed to generalized dermatitis and conjunctivitis. Under systemic and local therapy with corticosteroids and cessation of work, it healed nearly completly. Four months after returning to work, the patient experienced a first episode of severe asthma and generalized dermatitis with conjunctivitis following exposure to hydroxychloroquine the day before. The asthma and dermatitis improved after systemic corticosteroid therapy and stopping work. His condition continued to fluctuate, when though the patient was transferred at work and now wore rubber gloves. Eight months later he again developed a generalized dermatitis. Patch testing revealed delayed-type sensitizations to hydroxychloroquine (tested in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%). Equivalent tests in five healthy volunteers were negative. The patch test reactions were pustular, while a biopsy was interpreted as a multiform contact dermatitis reaction. Bronchial exposure with hydroxychloroquine dust produced a delayed bronchial obstruction over the next 20 hours, which progressed to fever and generalized erythema (hematogenous contact dermatitis). After removing exposure to 2,6-diaminopyridine and hydroxychloroquine, the patient went on to develop a contact dermatitis to latex (patch test positive). However, skin prick tests with latex and patch tests with rubber additiva were negative. Hydroxychloroquine is well known to cause drug reactions. To our knowledge, contact dermatitis to this substance has not yet been reported. It is noteworthy that the patch test reactions were pustular and of multiform morphology and that bronchial exposure to the allergen resulted in asthma and a generalized drug reaction. Pathogenetically the asthmatic reaction seems to be on a delayed-type mechanism as is also seen with ampicillin, cobalt and nickel induced asthma.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 60jährigen Patienten, der über 20 Jahre in der Verarbeitung von Chemikalien in einer pharmazeutischen Industrie tätig war, traten wiederholt Ekzeme, zunächst an den Händen beschränkt, später generalisiert auf. Acht Jahre nach Arbeitsbeginn entwickelte sich ein allergisches Kontaktekzem der Hände auf 2,6-Diaminopyridin (positiver Epikutantest), welches nach einer strikten Expositionsprophylaxe nahezu abheilte. Zehn Jahre später kam es wieder zu einem Handekzem mit generalisierter Streureaktion und Konjunktivitis, welches unter systemischer Therapie mit Kortikosteroiden intern und lokal sowie Arbeitskarenz deutlich besserte. Weitere 4 Monate nach der Wiederaufnahme der Arbeit mußte der Patient notfallmäßig wegen erstmaligen massiven asthmatischen Beschwerden und einer generalisierten Ekzemreaktion mit Konjunktivitis den Hausarzt aufsuchen, nachdem er am Vortag der Substanz Hydroxychloroquin ausgesetzt war. Unter erneuter systemischer Steroidtherapie und Arbeitskarenz rasches Abheilen sowohl der Asthma- als auch der Hautsymptomatik. Nach einem Wechsel des Arbeitsplatzes und konsequentem Tragen von Gummihandschuhen stellte sich bezüglich des Handekzems ein ondulierender Verlauf ein, 8 Monate später kam es jedoch erneut zu einer generalisierten Ekzemstreuung. Die Epikutantestung ergab eine Typ- IV-Sensibilisierung auf Hydroxychloroquin (in 0,1%, 0,5%, 1% und 2% Konzentration getestet). Die Reaktion bei der höchsten Testkonzentration war pustulös und die histologische Untersuchung ergab eine multiforme-artige kontaktallergische Reaktion. Die Epikutanteste waren bei 5 gesunden Probanden negativ. Ein bronchialer Provokationstest mit Hydroxychloroquin-Staub führte zu einer verzögerten bronchialen Obstruktion 20 h nach der Exposition sowie zu Fieber, Konjunktivitis und zu einem generalisierten Exanthem (hämatogenes Kontaktekzem). Für die späteren Schübe nach Expositionsprophylaxe gegenüber 2,6-Diaminopyridin und Hydroxychloroquin konnte schließlich noch eine Latex-Kontaktallergie festgestellt werden. Der Latex-Prick und die Epikutantestung mit Gummiinhaltsstoffen waren negativ. Arzneimittelreaktionen auf Hydroxychloroquin bei systemischer Verabreichung sind bekannt. Ein Kontaktekzem auf diese Substanz wurde u.W. bisher noch nicht beschrieben. Besonders bemerkenswert sind die ungewöhnliche Testreaktion mit Pustelbildung, das multiforme-artige histologische Bild und die Entwicklung eines Asthma bronchiale mit generalisiertem hämatogenen Kontaktekzem auf die bronchiale Provokation. Pathogenetisch scheint auch der asthmatischen Reaktion ein Spättypmechanismus zugrunde zu liegen, wie etwa beim Ampicillin-, Kobalt- und Nickelasthma in der Literatur beschrieben.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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