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  • 1
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    Relationships within balsaminoid Ericales: a wood anatomical approach (2005)
    In:  American Journal of Botany vol. 92 no. 6, pp. 941-953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Wood samples of 49 specimens representing 31 species and 11 genera of woody balsaminoids, i.e., Balsaminaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, and Tetrameristaceae, were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The wood structure of Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, and Tetrameristaceae is characterized by radial vessel multiples with simple perforation plates, alternate vessel pitting, apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma, septate libriform fibers, and the presence of raphides in ray cells. Tetrameristaceae and Pellicieraceae are found to be closely related based on the occurrence of unilaterally compound vessel-ray pitting and multiseriate rays with long uniseriate ends. The narrow rays in Pelliciera are characteristic of this genus, but a broader concept of Tetrameristaceae including Pelliciera is favored. Within Marcgraviaceae, wide rays (more than five-seriate) are typical of the genus Marcgravia. Furthermore, there is evidence that the impact of altitude and habit plays an important role in the wood structure of this family. The wood structure of Balsaminaceae cannot be compared systematically with other balsaminoids because of their secondary woodiness. Balsaminaceae wood strongly differs due to the presence of exclusively upright ray cells in Impatiens niamniamensis, the absence of rays in Impatiens arguta, and the occurrence of several additional paedomorphic features in both species.
    Keywords: Balsaminaceae ; balsaminoid clade ; Ericales ; Marcgraviaceae ; paedomorphism ; Pellicieraceae ; Tetrameristaceae; wood anatomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    The distribution and phylogeny of aluminium accumulating plants in the Ericales (2004)
    In:  Plant Biology vol. 6, pp. 498-505
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The distribution of aluminium (Al) accumulation in the Ericales is surveyed, based on semi-quantitative tests of 114 species and literature data. Al accumulation mainly characterises the families Diapensiaceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Symplocaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, and Theaceae. Al accumulation is consistently present or absent in most families examined, but the character appears to be more variable in a few taxa (e.g., Lecythidaceae, Myrsinaceae). Although the interfamilial relationships within the Ericales require further research, the ability to accumulate high levels of Al appears to show considerable taxonomic significance. While the majority of Al accumulating Ericales includes woody, tropical plants, the feature is remarkably present in several herbaceous Diapensiaceae, which have a distribution in cold to temperate areas. The association of different mycorrhizae types with plant roots is suggested to play a role in the exclusion of high Al levels from the shoot.
    Keywords: aluminium accumulation ; Ericales ; phyogeny ; Diapensiaceae ; Pentaphylacaceae ; Symplocaceae ; Ternstroemiaceae ; Theaceae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    A search for phylogenetically informative wood characters within Lecythidaceae s.l. (2007)
    In:  American Journal of Botany vol. 94 no. 4, pp. 483-502
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The wood structure of 71 species representing 24 genera of the pantropical Lecythidaceae s.l., including the edible Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) and the spectacular cannon-ball tree (Couroupita guianensis), was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. This study focused on finding phylogenetically informative characters to help elucidate any obscure evolutionary patterns within the family. The earliest diverging subfamily Napoleonaeoideae has mixed simple/scalariform vessel perforations, scalariform vessel-ray pitting, and high multiseriate rays, all features that are also present in Scytopetaloideae. The wood structure of Napoleonaea is distinct, but its supposed close relative Crateranthus strongly resembles Scytopetaloideae. The isolated position of Foetidia (Foetidioideae) can be supported by a unique type of vessel-ray pitting that is similar in shape and size to intervessel pitting (distinctly bordered, ,5 lm). The more derived Planchonioideae and Lecythidoideae share exclusively simple perforations and two types of vessel-ray pitting, but they can easily be distinguished from each other by the size of intervessel pitting, shape of body ray cells in multiseriate rays, and the type of crystalliferous axial parenchyma cells. The anatomical diversity observed is clearly correlated with differences in plant size (shrubs vs. tall trees): the percentage of scalariform perforations, as well as vessel density, and the length of vessel elements, fibers, and multiseriate rays are negatively correlated with increasing plant size, while the reverse is true for vessel diameter.
    Keywords: Ericales ; Lecythidaceae s.l. ; Lecythidaceae s.s. ; Napoleonaeaceae ; Scytopetalaceae ; systematic wood anatomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Vessel grouping patterns in subfamilies Apocynoideae and Periplocoideae confirm phylogenetic value of wood structure within Apocynaceae (2009)
    In:  American Journal of Botany vol. 96 no. 12, pp. 2168-2183
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: This study contributes to our understanding of the phylogenetic signifi cance and major evolutionary trends in the wood of the dogbane family (Apocynaceae), one of the largest and economically most important angiosperm families. Based on LM and SEM observations of 56 Apocynoideae species \xe2\x80\x94 representing all currently recognized tribes \xe2\x80\x94 and eight Periplocoideae, we found striking differences in vessel grouping patterns (radial multiples vs. large clusters) between the mainly nonclimbing apocynoid tribes (Wrightieae, Malouetieae, Nerieae) and the climbing lineages (remaining Apocynoideae and Periplocoideae). The presence of large vessel clusters in combination with fibers in the ground tissue characterizing the climbing Apocynoideae and Periplocoideae clearly contrasts with the climbing anatomy of the rauvolfi oids (solitary vessels plus tracheids in ground tissue), supporting the view that (1) the climbing habit has evolved more than once in Apocynaceae, (2) the three nonclimbing apocynoid tribes are basal compared to the climbing apocynoids, and (3) Periplocoideae belong to the crown clade. The wood anatomy within the nonclimbing and climbing lineages is rather homogeneous, although a combination of specifi c characters (e.g. presence of septate fi bers, axial parenchyma distribution, abundance of uniseriate compared to multiseriate rays, and presence and location of prismatic crystals) may be used to identify several tribes.
    Keywords: Apocynaceae ; Apocynoideae ; APSA clade ; climbing vs. nonclimbing anatomy ; Periplocoideae ; systematic wood anatomy ; tribal classification
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Wood anatomy of Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae): a search for meaningful non-DNA characters at the tribal level (2008)
    In:  American Journal of Botany vol. 95 no. 10, pp. 1199-1215
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Wood anatomical studies in the economically important Apocynaceae or dogbane family are fragmentary. This study represents a first attempt to unravel the phylogenetic signifi cance and major evolutionary trends in the wood of the family, using existing and new microscopic wood observations within the large subfamily Rauvolfi oideae. On the basis of LM and SEM observations of 91 species representing all 10 currently recognized tribes, we found that most of the tribes are characterized by a unique combination of wood characters, such as vessel grouping, vessel element length, fi ber type, frequency of uniseriate rays, and fused multiseriate rays. Climbing rauvolfi oid taxa can generally be distinguished from erect species by their wider vessels, tendency to form paratracheal axial parenchyma, presence of tracheids, and occurrence of laticifers in rays. With respect to the entire family, there is a general phylogenetic trend toward shorter vessel elements, a higher proportion of vessels in multiples and more vessels per multiple, higher tracheid abundance, more paratracheal parenchyma, and fewer cells per axial parenchyma strand in the more derived Apocynaceae. Most of these evolutionary trends are likely to be triggered by drier environmental conditions and/or shifts from an erect to a climbing habit.
    Keywords: Apocynaceae ; APSA clade ; climbing vs. nonclimbing habit ; Rauvolfi oideae ; systematic wood anatomy ; tribal classification
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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