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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Apis mellifera ; Pieris rapae ; Nectars ; Pollinators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Amino acids occur in most floral nectars but their role in pollinator attraction is relatively unstudied. Nectars of butterfly-pollinated flower tend to have higher concentrations of amino acids than do flowers pollinated by bees and many other animals, suggesting that amino acids are important attractants of butterflies to flowers. In order to determine whether amino acids are important in attracting butterflies and bees, we tested the preference of cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae) and honey bees (Apis mellifera) by allowing them to feed from artificial flowers containing sugar-only or sugar-amino acid mimics ofLantana camara nectar. Honey bees and female cabbage white butterflies consumed more sugar-amino acid nectar than sugar-only nectar. In addition, female cabbage white butterflies visited artificial flowers containing sugar-amino acid nectars more frequently than flowers containing sugar-only nectars; honey bees spent more time consuming the sugar-amino acid nectar. Male cabbage white butterflies did not discriminate between the two nectars. These results support the hypothesis that the amino acids of nectar contribute to pollinator attraction and/or feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1747-1756 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Honeybee ; Apis mellifera ; alarm pheromone ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; isopentyl acetate ; 2-heptanone ; sting ; mandibular gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Of 12 alarm pheromones assayed in European and Africanized honeybees, nine were found in larger quantities in the Africanized population. Isopentyl and 2-heptanone levels were similar in both; 2-methylbutanol-1 was greater in European workers. These differences were not due to age or geographical location. Significant positive correlations between alarm pheromone levels and defensive behavior, especially numbers of stings, were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 867-871 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; 2-heptanone ; isopentyl acetate ; citral ; geraniol ; hoarding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hoarding experiments were conducted with honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in cages containing comb treated with either 2-heptanone, isopentyl acetate, citral, or geraniol. 2-Heptanone increased hoarding rates; isopentyl acetate decreased hoarding rates; citral and geraniol had no observed effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Honey bee ; Kin recognition ; Nepotism ; Trophallaxis ; Supersisters ; Apis mellifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A honey bee (Apis mellifera) queen mates with about ten haploid drones, thus producing colonies composed of about ten subfamilies of super-sisters. An increasing but controversial body of literature supports the views that: (1) Members of each subfamily within a colony can recognise each other, and distinguish supersisters from half-sisters. (2) Members of each subfamily use this recognition information and increase the reproductive fitness of their own subfamily at the expense of half-sisters through behaviour termed nepotism. A mathematical model is developed that shows that task specialisation by subfamilies, and bees that repeatedly undertake the behaviour within subfamilies, can influence the numbers of interactions among super-sisters, relative to the numbers of interactions between half-sisters. The model is then evaluated using a data set pertaining to trophallaxis behaviour in a two-subfamily colony. It is concluded that with this data set, task specialisation and subfamily recognition were indeed confounded, suggesting that the apparent subfamily recognition could easily have been an artefact of task specialisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 333-338 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Honeybees ; Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; colony defense ; stinging ; comb volatiles ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Honeybees in colonies with 6.36-m2 surface area of empty comb responded faster to moving targets and stung the targets more often than bees from colonies with 3.18-m2 surface area of empty honeycomb. The two groups did not differ significantly in speed of response to alarm pheromone or in number of bees defending the colony. Volatiles from the comb are suggested as primer pheromones for defensive behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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