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  • wind tunnel  (4)
  • Aphidiinae  (3)
  • Chloroplast DNA  (2)
Document type
Keywords
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Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of plant chemical cues in determining host preference in the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 97 (2000), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid parasitoid ; Aphidiinae ; host preference ; host selection ; plant preference ; olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host preference behaviour of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemaniwas investigated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Female A. colemanishowed a preference for the host-plant complex on which they had been reared, even though the same aphid host was involved, demonstrating a host plant preference. This preference was not evident when the parasitoids were dissected from their mummies prior to adult emergence. Host plant preference exhibited during host selection appeared to be induced by chemical cues encountered on the mummy case at the time of emergence, but preferences could be changed by subsequent foraging experiences. It is concluded that plant chemical cues play a major role in determining initial preferences through a process of emergence conditioning but that learning processes, involving cues encountered during oviposition in or contact with the host, can modify these initial preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004052717737
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromones in the cereal aphid parasitoidsPraon volucre andAphidius rhopalosiphi (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 69 (1993), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Aphidiinae ; aphid ; sex pheromone ; parasitoid ; Praon volucre ; Aphidius rhopalosiphi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and field experiments provided evidence for the release of sex pheromones by virgin femalePraon volucre Haliday andAphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). In Petri dish biosassays, rubber or vermiculite models treated with crude virgin female extracts were frequently approached by males and elicited rapid wing-fanning behaviour and copulation attempts. Delta-shaped water traps containing live virgin females caught large numbers of conspecific males when placed in winter wheat crops. Trapping slightly below crop height resulted in higher catches than trapping above the crop canopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380671
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses to aphid sex pheromones by the pea aphid parasitoids Aphidius ervi and Aphidius eadyi (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid parasitoid ; Aphidiinae ; aphid sex pheromone ; pea aphid ; wind tunnel ; plant-host complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aphidius ervi and Aphidius eadyi, two parasitoids of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, were attracted to components of the aphid sex pheromone in laboratory bioassays. Pre-test experience with host aphids in the presence of aphid sex pheromone did not affect the response of A. ervi to pheromone in a 4-way olfactometer, compared with that of naive parasitoids. Aphidius ervi females exposed only to the pheromone prior to testing did not respond in the olfactometer, suggesting habituation to the foraging cue by the parasitoid. In a wind tunnel, aphid sex pheromone increased the attraction of A. ervi to the plant-host complex (Vicia faba/A. pisum), suggesting an additive effect when two different foraging cues are present simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003820406770
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Responses of Parasitoids to Synthetic and Plant-Extracted Nepetalactone Component of Aphid Sex Pheromones (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1481-1488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aphid parasitoid ; aphid sex pheromone ; kairomone ; stereochemistry ; (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone ; wind tunnel ; trap plant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The responses of aphid parasitoids to completely synthetic and plant-extracted nepetalactone, a component of aphid sex pheromones, were investigated. In wind tunnel tests, Praon volucre and Aphidius ervi responded equally strongly to both plant-extracted and 99% pure synthetic (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone. In the field, aphid-infested cereal trap plants were used to test the attractiveness of plant-extracted and synthetic (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone, as well as the synthetic enantiomer (4aR,7R,7aS)-nepetalactone. There was no significant difference in parasitisation levels by Praon spp. between plants baited with the synthetic or with the plant-extracted 7S isomers. However, the 7R isomer was unattractive alone and rendered the synthetic 7S isomer unattractive when combined to form a 50% blend of the two. It is concluded that the response of aphid parasitoids to nepetalactone is influenced more by enantiomeric purity rather than the possible presence of plant-related contaminants associated with plant extraction. The results are compared with data on male aphid responses to the compounds, which indicate that plant-derived contaminants can reduce attractancy, and the implications for the manipulation of parasitoids in the field are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020872412891
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast DNA variation in European potato cultivars (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 505-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Reciprocal differences ; Chloroplast DNA ; Andigena ; Neo-tuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The chloroplast DNA of 27 potato cultivars and 2 wild species has been examined by Southern blotting using probes representing the entire chloroplast genome of barley. 16% of the probe × enzyme combinations detected polymorphism between the potato cultivars. Cvs Maris Piper, Croft, Shelagh, Stormont Enterprise and Estima and the wild species could be distinguished from the other cultivars by their chloroplast DNA restriction patterns. These results are discussed in relation to cytoplasmic diversity and potato improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358029
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast DNA diversity in the genusRubus (Rosaceae) revealed by Southern hybridization (1990)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 172 (1990), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rosaceae ; Rubus ; Chloroplast DNA ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; cladistic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The variability in chloroplast DNA type of 20Rubus genotypes was examined by Southern hybridization. DNA extracted from theRubus accessions was digested with two restriction enzymes (EcoRI and EcoRV) and heterologous chloroplast DNA sequences from barley and pea were used as probes to detectRubus chloroplast DNA sequences on Southern blots ofRubus total DNA. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was detected and a total of 92 restriction fragments were generated by the probe/enzyme combinations examined. Cladistic principles based on the parsimony assumption were used to assemble a phylogenetic tree based on chloroplast restriction fragment length data. The phylogenetic tree grouped the taxonomically defined species and is in general agreement with information based on morphological criteria. However, the Japanese red raspberryR. illecebrosus was shown to have diverged considerably in terms of evolutionary time from other species in subg.Idaeobatus. Furthermore, the molecular approach provides a quantitative estimate of the relationship between species that is difficult to obtain from morphological data. In order to complement the chloroplast DNA information a ribosomal DNA probe was also included in the analysis and provided further information on the phylogenetic relationships withinRubus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937798
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction and Systemic Release of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles Mediating In-Flight Orientation of Aphidius ervi (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1247-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host location ; plant volatiles ; aphid feeding ; wind tunnel ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Aphis fabae ; air entrainment ; tritrophic interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In-flight orientation of the braconid Aphidius ervi in response to volatiles released from broad bean plants infested by the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, was studied in a no-choice wind-tunnel bioassay. The role of aphid infestation level and duration, systemic production of volatiles by “insect-free” parts of the plant, and the specificity of aphid-induced volatiles on the flight behavior of the foraging female parasitoids were investigated. The upper insect-free part of a three-leaved broad bean plant, which was basally infested by a population of 40 A. pisum, released synomones detectable by A. ervi females after at least 48–72 hr of infestation, resulting in both significant increases in oriented flights and landings on the source compared with uninfested control plants. This suggests that volatiles involved in host-location by A. ervi are systemically released by broad bean plants either in response to circulation of aphid saliva, circulation of saliva-induced bioactive elicitors, or circulation of the synomones themselves. Air entrainment extracts of volatiles collected from a broad bean plant infested by the nonhost Aphis fabae or an uninfested broad bean plant elicited few oriented flights and landing responses by female parasitoids. These extracts were significantly less attractive than extracts collected from a broad bean plant infested by the host A. pisum, indicating the specificity of synomones elicited by different aphid species on the same plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020914506782
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative importance of semiochemicals from first and second trophic levels in host foraging behavior ofAphidius ervi (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1591-1605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aphidius ervi ; host location ; olfaction ; plant volatiles ; aphid feeding ; Acyrthosiphon pisum ; Aphis fabae ; wind tunnel ; Y-tube olfactometer ; tritrophic interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The responses of femaleAphidius ervi to odors from a host food plant (Vicia faba), host aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), nonhost aphids (Aphis fabae), and aphid-plant complexes were investigated in a specially designed wind tunnel and a Y-tube olfactometer. In single-target (no-choice) and two-target (dual-choice) experiments, plant volatiles played a crucial role in the host foraging behavior ofA. ervi. The odor from theA. pisum-plant complex elicited the strongest responses byA. ervi females, followed by the odor from plants previously damaged by the feeding ofA. pisum. There was a significantly weaker response to odor fromA. pisum in the absence of the plant and to undamaged plants. Similarly, mechanically damaged plants and plants infested with the nonhost aphidA. fabae did not elicit strong responses. A plant that had been damaged byA. pisum and subsequently washed with distilled water was as attractive as an unwashed, previously infested plant.Aphidius ervi probably overcomes the reliability-detectability problem by selectively responding to herbivore-induced, volatile, semiochemical cues emitted by the first trophic level and by distinguishing between the volatiles induced by host and nonhost aphids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272400
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