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  • 1
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    Integrating field work and large-scale modeling to improve assessment of karst water resources (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Description: Comprehensive management of karst water resources requires sufficient understanding of their dynamics and karst-specific modeling tools. However, the limited availability of observations of karstic groundwater dynamics has been prohibiting the assessment of karst water resources at regional to global scales. This paper presents the first global effort to integrate experimental approaches and large-scale modeling. Using a global soil-moisture monitoring program and a global database of karst spring discharges, the simulations of a preliminary global karstic-groundwater-recharge model are evaluated. It is shown that soil moisture is a crucial variable that better distinguishes recharge dynamics in different climates and for different land cover types. The newly developed dataset of karst spring discharges provides first insights into the wide variability of discharge volumes and recharge areas of different karst springs around the globe. Comparing the model simulations with the newly collected soil-moisture and spring-discharge observations, indicates that (1) improvements of the recharge model are still necessary to obtain a better representation of different land cover types and snow processes, and (2) there is a need to incorporate groundwater dynamics. Applying and strictly evaluating these improvements in the model will finally provide a tool to identify hot spots of current or future water scarcity in the karst regions around the globe, thus supporting national and international water governance.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; Karst ; Soil moisture ; Spring discharge analysis ; Groundwater recharge ; Global simulation model
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secondary dystonias (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 245 (1998), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Secondary dystonias ; Basal ganglia ; Neuroleptics ; Anticholinergics ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Secondary or symptomatic dystonias are (1) often accompanied by other neurological deficits, (2) begin suddenly at rest and occur at rest from the onset, (3) are associated with different hereditary and environmental causes. From an aetiological point of view, secondary dystonias can be caused by focal brain lesions of various origin, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), and several drugs and chemicals that affect the basal ganglia, thalamus and brain stem. Furthermore, secondary (focal) dystonias can be caused by peripheral injury. In the following review, we will discuss epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, neuroimaging, neuropathology, clinical manifestation, clinical course and differential diagnosis of secondary dystonias. Therapeutic options are given depending on the aetiology and the topological type of dystonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050235
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sympathetic re-innervation after heart transplantation: dual-isotope neurotransmitter scintigraphy, norepinephrine content and histological examination (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 22 (1995), S. 443-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Cardiac transplantation ; Sympathetic re-innervation ; Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine ; Thallium-201 ; Dual-isotope technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cardiac transplantation entails surgical disruption of the sympathetic nerve fibres from their somata, resulting in sympathetic denervation. In order to investigate the occurrence of sympathetic re-dnnervation, neurotransmitter scintigraphy using the norepinephrine analogue iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) was performed in 15 patients 2–69 months after transplantation. In addition, norepinephrine content and immunohistochemical reactions of antibodies to Schwarm cell-associated S100 protein, to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and to norepinephrine were examined in 34 endomyocardial biopsies of 29 patients 1–88 months after transplantation. Anterobasal123I-MIBG uptake indicating partial sympathetic re-dnnervation could be shown in 40% of the scintigraphically investigated patients 37–69 months after transplantation. In immunohistochemical studies 83% of the patients investigated 1–72 months after transplantation showed nerve fibres in their biopsies but not positive reaction to norepinephrine. Significant norepinephrine content indicating re-dnnervation could not be detected in any biopsy. It was concluded that in spite of the lack of norepinephrine content there seemed to be immunohistological and scintigraphic evidence of sympathetic re-dnnervation. An explanation for this contradictory finding may be the reduced or missing norepinephrine storage ability compared to the restored uptake ability of regenerated sympathetic nerve fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839059
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial evaluation of left ventricular function by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during exercise after orthotopic heart transplantation (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 20 (1993), S. 146-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Cardiac transplantation ; Radionuclide ventriculography ; Left ventricular function ; Cardiac allograft rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Discrepant results have previously been reported concerning long-term left ventricular function in the human transplanted heart as assessed by radionuclide ventriculography. In this study, radionuclide ventriculograms were obtained at rest and during exercise in 19 patients 〈6 months, 7–12 months, 13–24 months and 〉24 months after transplantation. Ejection fraction decreased significantly from 〈6 months to 13–24 months after transplantation (rest: 69.1%±9.7% to 56.7%±8.3%, P〈0.05; exercise: 70.4%±11.3% to 59%±8%, P〈0.05). Heart rate increased significantly during exercise after 〉2 years (90.2±10.5 beats/min to 103.5±15 beats/min, P〈0.05) but not within 6 months after transplantation (98.5±12.8 beats/min to 99.07±15.8 beats/min). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume remained unchanged. Peak filling rate at rest decreased significantly from 4.2±0.96 edv/s 〈6 months after transplantation to 3.3±0.66 edv/s (P〈0.05) 13–24 months and 3.3±0.64 edv/s (P〈0.05)〉24 months after cardiac transplantation. Exercise peak filing rate did not change significantly. It is concluded that radionuclide ventriculography demonstrates a decrease in systolic left ventricular function in the long-term course after cardiac transplantation. A significant increase in exercise peak heart rate may be due to autonomic reinnervation. Differences in the literature concerning left ventricular function may be due to different observation intervals following cardiac transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168875
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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