Note: Petraglia_FM_O.pdf -- Petraglia_Ch01_O.pdf -- Chapter 1 -- Tracking the Origin and Evolution of Human Populations in Arabia -- Introduction -- History of Prehistoric Research in Arabia -- Quaternary Environments and Demographic Response -- Genetics and Migration -- Paleolithic Archaeology -- Early/Middle Pleistocene (ca. 2.0 Ma-200 ka) -- Late Middle and Upper Pleistocene (ca. 200-12 ka) -- Early Holocene Archaeology (ca. 12-8 ka BP) -- Human Evolution in Arabia -- References -- Petraglia_Ch02_O.pdf -- Chapter 2 -- The Red Sea, Coastal Landscapes, and Hominin Dispersals -- Introduction -- Environmental and Archaeological Context -- Geographical Factors -- Geology -- Climate and Environment -- Archaeological Context -- Paleoenvironment and Resources -- Sea-Level Change and the Southern Pathway -- Terrestrial Resources and Paleoclimate -- Land Mammals and Topographic Roughness -- Paleoclimate -- Coastal Habitats and Marine Resources -- Conclusion -- References -- Petraglia_Ch03_O.pdf -- Chapter 3 -- Pleistocene Climate Change in Arabia: Developing a Framework for Hominin Dispersal over the Last 350 ka -- Introduction -- Geography, Geology, and Climate -- The Question of Chronology -- Pleistocene Climate Change in Arabia -- Stages 9-6 (350-130 ka) -- Stage 5 (130-74 ka) -- Stage 4 Aridity Onset (75-60 ka) -- Stage 3 The Debated Pluvial (60-20 ka) -- Stage 2 Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Late Glacial (20-10 ka) -- Stage 1 Holocene Climate Change in Arabia (10 ka-Present) -- Conclusions -- References -- Petraglia_Ch04_O.pdf -- Chapter 4 -- Environment and Long-Term Population Trends in Southwest Arabia -- Introduction -- The Environment of Southwest Arabia During the Late Quaternary -- Late Pleistocene Environmental Change -- Holocene Environmental Change -- Population and Settlement -- Modern Population and Settlement -- The Recent Historical Record. , The Classical Record -- The Epigraphic Old South Arabian Record -- South Arabian Settlement and Population: The Archaeological Record -- The Yemeni Bronze Age -- The Neolithic -- The Paleolithic -- Discussion: Human Settlement and Changing Environments -- References -- Petraglia_Ch05_O.pdf -- Chapter 5 -- Mitochondrial DNA Structure of Yemeni Population: Regional Differences and the Implications for Different Migratory Contribut -- Introduction -- Background -- Paleoclimatological and Archaeological Context -- Geographic Affinities of Yemeni Populations -- Geographical Distribution of mtDNA Lineages in Yemen -- Sub-Saharan Haplogroups -- Macrohaplogroups M and N -- Conclusions -- References -- Petraglia_Ch06_O.pdf -- Chapter 6 -- The Arabian peninsula: Gate for Human Migrations Out of Africa or Cul-de-Sac? A Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeographic Perspective -- Introduction -- Mitochondrial DNA Characteristics -- Macrohaplogroup L in Arabia -- Macrohaplogroup M in Arabia -- Macrohaplogroup N in Arabia -- Macrohaplogroup R in Arabia -- Mitochondrial Footsteps of the Old World Human Colonization -- References -- Petraglia_Ch07_O.pdf -- Chapter 7 -- Bayesian Coalescent Inference from Mitochondrial DNA Variation of the Colonization Time of Arabia by the Hamadryas Baboon (P -- Background -- Human Genetic Data and Out-of-Africa Routes and Times -- Pleistocene Climates and Mammal Dispersals from Africa to Southwest Asia -- Zoogeography of Arabian Mammals and Afro-Arabian Dispersal Routes -- Origin and Age of the Hamadryas Baboon in Arabia -- Reanalysis of the Colonization Time of Arabia Using Bayesian MCMC Methods -- References -- Petraglia_Ch08_O.pdf -- Chapter 8 -- Acheulean Landscapes and Large Cutting Tools Assemblages in the Arabian peninsula -- Introduction -- The Acheulean of the Wadi Fatimah -- The Acheulean of Dawa-dmi. , The Saffa-qah Excavations (206-76, 206-68) -- Discussion -- Settings and Environments -- Stone Tool Quarrying Behavior and Giant Cores -- Inter-regional Comparison of Acheulean Large Cutting Tools -- Dispersal Processes -- Conclusion -- References -- Petraglia_Ch09_O.pdf -- Chapter 9 -- A Middle Paleolithic Assemblage from Jebel Barakah, Coastal Abu Dhabi Emirate -- Introduction -- Geomorphology of Jebel Barakah -- Jebel Barakah: Archaeological Localities -- The Lithic Assemblage -- Technology and Typology -- Conclusions -- References -- Petraglia_Ch10_O.pdf -- Chapter 10 -- Paleolithic Stone Tool Assemblages from Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates -- Background -- The 2006-2007 Field Investigations: Sites and Artifacts -- Field Investigations in 2006 -- Site ES(F)06A -- Site ES(F)06B -- Site ES(F)06C -- Field Investigations in 2007 -- Site ES(F)06D -- Site ES(F)07E -- Site ES(F)07F and 'Gabbro Hill' -- Site ES07S10 -- Site ES07S11 -- Site ES07S13 -- Site ES07S14 -- Site ES07S15 -- Site ES07S16 -- Site ES07S18 -- Site ERM07A -- The Lithic Assemblages: Sampling and Analysis -- General Observations -- Group A1 (ES(F)06D, ES07S10, ES07S14, ERM07A, Gabbro Hill) -- Group A2 (ES(F)06A, ES(F)06B, ES(F)06C) -- Group A3 (ES(F)06E, ES07S15) -- Group B1 (ES(F)06F) -- Regional Context -- Conclusion -- References -- Petraglia_Ch11_O.pdf -- Chapter 11 -- The Central Oman Paleolithic Survey: Recent Research in Southern Arabia and Reflection on the Prehistoric Evidence -- Introduction -- Geographic Setting -- Climate in the Late Pleistocene -- Prehistory in Oman -- Problems of Pleistocene Archaeology in Arabia -- Lower Paleolithic Sites in the Huqf -- The 2007 COPS-Survey -- Outcome of the 2007 Season -- Cores -- Small Debitage -- Light Blades -- Heavy Blades -- Flake Tools -- Heavy Bifacials -- Small Bifacials -- Foliates -- Arrowheads. , Microliths -- Chronology -- Conclusions -- References -- Petraglia_Ch12_O.pdf -- Chapter 12 -- The Middle Paleolithic of Arabia: The View from the Hadramawt Region, Yemen -- Arabia: A New "El Dorado" for Evolutionary Scholars? -- The Arabian Middle Paleolithic Background -- Levallois Industries and the Middle Paleolithic: How and Why Study Surface Material in Yemen? -- Universal Dating of Sites with Levallois Technology? -- Some Elements Largely in Favor of Pleistocene Dating -- Levallois Assemblages from Hadramawt: The Contexts -- The Hadramawt Region -- The Context of the Discoveries -- Technological Analysis and Terminology -- Technological Analysis of Levallois Cores -- Levallois Assemblages from Hadramawt: The Data -- The First Synthesis on the Levallois Debitage of Hadramawt: Two Methods, Three Groups and Eight Modalities -- Interim Conclusions -- Comparison with Other Levallois Industries from Hadramawt and Elsewhere in Yemen -- Comparison with Industries of Hadramawt from Other Archaeological Projects -- The Russian-Yemeni Mission -- Sites from Shabwa Region -- Conclusions: Levallois Debitage in Hadramawt -- What Are the Variable Methods of Levallois Debitage in Yemen? -- Discussion: Repercussion of the Results from Eastern Yemen -- Anatomically Modern Humans' Dispersal Routes Out of Africa -- What Are the Possible Comparisons with Neighboring Regions? -- Some Comparisons with Northeastern Africa and the "Nubian Mousterian" -- Some Comparisons with the Near-East and the Levantine Mousterian -- Conclusions -- References -- Petraglia_Ch13_O.pdf -- Chapter 13 -- The "Upper Paleolithic" of South Arabia -- Introduction -- The Arabian Paleoclimate During the Latter Half of the Upper Pleistocene -- Results of the Central Oman Pleistocene Research Program -- Al-Hatab Rockshelter (OM.JA.TH.29) -- Ras Aïn Noor (OM.JA.SJ.32) -- Dhanaqr (OM.JA.TH.21). , Discussion -- The South Arabian UP -- Demographic Implications -- References -- Petraglia_Ch14_O.pdf -- Chapter 14 -- The Late Pleistocene of Arabia in Relation to the Levant -- Introduction -- The Arabian Paleoenvironment -- The Paleoenvironment Between 30 and 10 ka -- Late Pleistocene Sites in Arabia -- Terminology and Nomenclature -- Identifying and Defining the Late Pleistocene -- Late Pleistocene Sites -- The Terminal Pleistocene -- The Faw Well Material -- Other Microlithic Sites -- Summary of the Late Pleistocene -- Discussion -- Are We Missing the Arabian Late Pleistocene? -- Connections to the Levant (and Africa) -- Conclusions -- References -- Petraglia_Ch15_O.pdf -- Chapter 15 -- Holocene (Re-)Occupation of Eastern Arabia -- Introduction -- The Arabian Paleolithic and the 'Paleolithic' of Eastern Arabia -- Some Thoughts on Ecology and Subsistence -- Bridging the Pleistocene-Holocene Divide in Southeastern Arabia: Wadi Wutayya, the Jabal Faya Sites (FAY-NE01 and 10) and Na -- Recent Discoveries in the Interior of Sharjah (UAE) -- Links with the Southern Levant -- Ecological Considerations Regarding Herders Versus Hunters -- Conclusion -- References -- Petraglia_Ch16_O.pdf -- 16 -- Early Holocene in the Highlands: Data on the Peopling of the Eastern Yemen Plateau, with a Note on the Pleistocene Evidence -- Introduction -- Pre-Neolithic Evidence from the Wādī at-Tayyilah Basin (Al-A'rūsh) -- Area and General Stratigraphy -- Site WTH3: Setting, Local Sequence, and Pre-Neolithic Components -- Other Pleistocene/Holocene Sites in the Thayyilah-Nab Area -- Pre-Neolithic Evidence from the Wādī Khamar Basin (Jihānah) -- The Area and Its Depositional-Environmental Sequences -- Early Holocene and Putative Late Pleistocene Sites -- A Note on the Paleolithic Evidence from Other Areas of Khawlān -- Conclusions and Inferences -- References. , Petraglia_Ch17_O.pdf.