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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Anastomosengeschwür am operierten Magen (1977)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 343 (1977), S. 133-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Peptic ulcer ; Anastomosis ; Duodenogastric reflux ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie gilt dem Anastomosengeschwür am operierten Magen. Diese schwerwiegende Komplikation entsteht nahezu ausschließlich nach Resektionsverfahren mit duodenaler Exklusion (Billroth II; Verlegung des Duodenum in den Nebenschluß). - An 54 männlichen Wistarratten wurden verschiedene Formen der duodenalen Exklusion mit und ohne duodenogastrischen Reflux durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse unserer Untersuchungen zeigen, daß nach duodenaler Exklusionmit Reflux gesetzmäßig peptische Anastomosengeschwüre entstehen. Der kontinuierliche Reflux von Galle und Pankreassekret ist der ausschlaggebende ätiologische Faktor für die Ulcusentstehung im Grenzgebiet der Anastomose von Magen und Dünndarm. Stase im ausgeschalteten Zwölffingerdarm (Syndrom der zuführenden Schlinge) fördert die lcerogene Refluxwirkung. Fehlt der Pylorus, so potenzieren sich Reflux und Stase zur größten Ulcusfrequenz (〉 90%). Bei erhaltenem Pylorus ist die Geschwürsincidenz wesentlich geringer. Der duodenogastrische Reflux hemmt die meßbare Salzsäuresekretion signifikant (P 〈 0,01); Salzsäure spielt demnach für die Entstehung des experimentellen Anastomosengeschwürs der Ratte keine wesentliche Rolle. - Im Hinblick auf die Prophylaxe des Anastomosengeschwürs führen diese Erkenntnisse zu der Forderung, auf Operationsverfahren mit duodenaler Exklusion und Reflux (Billroth II) zu verzichten und das Operationsziel bei der Magenresektion auf die Wiederherstellung der orthograden MagenDarm-Passage zu richten.
    Notes: Summary Different types of duodenal by-pass operations with and without duodenogastric reflux were performed on 54 male Wistar rats. The results of our investigation show that following duodenal by-pass with reflux peptic anastomotic ulcer regularly occurs. The constant reflux of bile and pancreas juice is the most important aetiologic factor in the development of ulcer in the vicinity of the anastomosis between the stomach and small intestine. Stasis in the by-passed duodenum (afferent loop syndrome) promotes ulcerogenic action of reflux. In the absence of the pylorus the effects of ref lux and stasis potentiate, resulting in a high frequency of ulcer (〉 90 %). With intact pylorus the incidence is low. Duodenogastric reflux prevents hydrochloric acid secretion significantly (P 〈 0.01); hydrochloric acid thus plays a minor role in the development of experimental anastomotic ulcer of the rat. - In considering the prophylaxis against anastomotic ulcer, these findings support the claim of avoiding surgical techniques involving duodenal by-pass and reflux (Billroth II with short loop GE). Gastric resection should, therefore, aim at the reconstruction of the orthograde peristalsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01262005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal control of egg maturation in the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 59 (1991), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heliothis zea ; reproduction ; corpora allata ; juvenile hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At eclosion, the ovaries of female Corn earworm Heliothis zea do not contain mature eggs. Virgin-unfed females produced approximately 400 mature eggs in 8 days; mating or feeding doubled this number, and mating plus feeding more than tripled it. Females allatectomized or decapitated at day O matured few eggs. Egg production was restored by implantation of active corpora allata (CA) or by treatment with the juvenile hormone (JH) analogue methoprene at day 0. 20-Hydroxyecdysone, on the other hand, had no effect. Females in which the CA had been denervated or in which the median neurosecretory cells of the brain had been ablated at day O produced fewer eggs than sham-operated animals. These results indicate that egg maturation is controlled by JH and that continuous input from the brain is required for sustained CA activity for maintaining a high rates of egg maturation. The rate of JH biosynthesis by CA in vitro was determined with a radiochemical assay. The major hormones produced were JH-II and JH-III with small quantities of JH-I. The rates of JH synthesis were similar in all experimental groups which may indicate that the in vitro rate of JH synthesis does not reflect the actual state of CA activity in the female.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351958
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthese von C19- und C21-Steroiden im Paragangliom und Phäochromozytom des Menschen (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Steroid biosynthesis ; Paraganglioma ; Pheochromocytoma ; Steroidbiosynthese ; Paragangliom ; Phäochromozytom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Biogenese von C19- und C21-Steroiden in Paragangliom-, Phäochromozytom- und normalem Nebennierengewebe des Menschen wurde mit Hilfe von Inkubationsversuchen radioaktiv markierter Steroide untersucht. Schnitte des Paraganglioms sowie des Phäochromozytoms wandeln 17-Hydroxyprogesteron enzymatisch zu Cortison, Cortisol, 11-Deoxycortisol sowie Testosteron um. Verglichen mit normalem Nebennierengewebe ist die Bildungsrate dieser Steroide jedoch 8–15mal geringer. Nach Inkubation von Dehydroepiandrosteron mit Paragangliom-oder Phäochromozytomgewebe entstehen 7α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosteron, 11β-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3,17-dion und 4-Androsten-3,17-dion; Testosteron wird in beiden Geweben zu 4-Androsten-3,17-dion; umgewandelt. Paragangliomgewebe bildet aus 17-Hydroxypregnenolon in geringem Umfang Dehydroepiandrosteron (1,7%). Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß sowohl im Paragangliom als auch im Phäochromozytom Enzyme der Steroidbiosynthese (Hydroxylasen, Oxidoreduktasen, δ4−5-Isomerasen, C17−20-Desmolasen) vorhanden sind.
    Notes: Summary The biogenesis of C19- and C21-steroids has been studied in tissue slices of a paraganglioma, of a pheochromocytoma and of human adrenal cortex using radioactive steroids. Slices of paraganglioma as well as of pheochromocytoma metabolise 17-hydroxyprogesterone to cortisone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and testosterone. The rate of formation of these steroids, however, by the two tumours is 8–15 times less than that in normal adrenal cortex tissue. After incubation of dehydroepiandrosterone with tissue slices of paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma, 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 11β-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione and 4-androstene-3,17-dione were found as metabolites; testosterone was converted by both tissues to 4-androstene-3,17-dione. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone was converted to a small extent (1.7%) to dehydroepiandrosterone by slices of paranganglioma. These results show that enzymes of steroid biosynthesis (hydroxylases, oxidoreductases, δ4−5-isomerases, C17−20-desmolases) are present in both paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477830
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