Note: Front Cover -- International Review of Neurobiology -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- Chapter 1. Behavioral Mechanisms and the Neurobiology of Conditioned Sexual Responding -- I. Introduction -- II. Pavlovian Conditioning of Sexual Responses -- III. Hormones and Sexual Conditioning -- IV. Sexual Conditioning and the Brain -- V. Behavior Systems and Biological Constraints on Learning -- VI. Conditioning and the Sexual Behavior System of Quail: The Role of Species-typical Cues -- VII. Pavlovian Conditioning and Reproductive Success -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. NMDA Receptors in Alcoholism -- I. Alcohol Dependence -- II. The NMDA Receptor -- III. Acute Effect of Ethanol on the NMDA Receptor -- IV. Role of the NMDA Receptor in the Perception of Ethanol's Effects -- V. Role of the NMDA Receptor in Adaptation to Ethanol -- VI. The NMDA Receptor and Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Dependence -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Processing and Representation of Species-Specific Communication Calls in the Auditory System of Bats -- I. Introduction -- II. General Features of the Mammalian Auditory System -- III. The Structure of Communication Calls Emitted by Mexican Free-tailed Bats -- IV. Processing and Representation of Communication Sounds in a Lower Auditory Nucleus -- V. The Population of DNLL Neurons Reproduce the Spectral and Temporal Features of any Complex Signal -- VI. Processing and Representation of Communication Sounds is More Complex in the Inferior Colliculus -- VII. Progressive Transformations Occur along the Auditory Pathway but are Scrambled in the IC -- VIII. Due to Selectivity, Each Call is Coded in the Inferior Colliculus by a Unique Population Response -- IX. Processing in the Cortex -- X. The Biosonar Calls of the Mustache Bat -- XI. The Auditory Cortex of the Mustache Bat. , XII. The Mustache Bat Auditory Cortex is Well Adapted for Processing Both Biosonar and Communication Calls -- XIII. Structure of the Mustache Bats' Social Communication Calls -- XIV. Responses of FM-FM Neurons in the Mustache Bat Cortex to Social Communication Calls -- XV. Is Combinatorial Sensitivity an Emergent Property in the Forebrain of Vertebrates? -- XVI. Mechanisms that Generate Combination Sensitivity -- XVII. Implications for Hierarchical Processing -- XVIII. Concluding Comments -- References -- Chapter 4. Central Nervous System Control of Micturition -- I. Introduction -- II. Motoneurons Innervating Bladder and Urethral Sphincter -- III. Sacral Cord Micturition Reflexes -- IV. Brainstem-Spinal Cord Pathways Coordinate Bladder and Sphincter Motoneurons -- V. Afferent Systems of the M-region -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. The Structure and Physiology of the Rat Auditory System: An Overview -- I. Introduction -- II. The Cochlear Nuclear Complex -- III. The Superior Olivary Complex -- IV. The Nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus -- V. The Inferior Colliculus -- VI. The Medial Geniculate Body -- VII. The Auditory Cortex -- VIII. The Descending Auditory Pathway -- IX. Concluding Remarks -- X. Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6. Neurobiology of Cat and Human Sexual Behavior -- I. The Spino-Brainstem-Spinal Circuit for the Mating Reflex in Cat -- II. Central Control of Mating Behavior in Humans -- III. Differences in Central Nervous System Control of Sexual Behavior Between Rodents and Primates -- References -- INDEX -- CONTENTS OF RECENT VOLUMES -- Color Plate Section.

Note: Front Cover -- International Review of Neurobiology -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1. Unique General Anesthetic Binding Sites Within Distinct Conformational States of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor -- I. Introduction -- II. General Anesthetics -- III. The Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor Superfamily -- IV. General Anesthetic Binding Sites -- V. Possible Caveats -- VI. Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2. Signaling Molecules and Receptor Transduction Cascades That Regulate NMDA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission -- I. Excitatory Synaptic Transmission -- II. General Information About NMDARs -- III. Signaling Molecules and Their Regulation of NMDA Channels -- IV. Trafficking of Glutamate Receptors -- V. General Information on GPCRs -- VI. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3. Behavioral Measures of Alcohol Self-Administration and Intake Control: Rodent Models -- I. Introduction -- II. Background -- III. Methods to Measure Ethanol-Seeking in Rodents -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Dopaminergic Mouse Mutants: Investigating the Roles of the Different Dopamine Receptor Subtypes and the Dopamine Transporter -- I. Dopamine and Its Receptors -- II. History of the Dopamine Receptors -- III. D1-Like Receptors -- IV. D2-Like Receptors -- V. Double Knockout Models -- VI. Dopamine Transporter -- VII. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 5. Drosophila melanogaster, A Genetic Model System for Alcohol Research -- I. Introduction -- II. Ethanol Metabolism -- III. Ethanol Toxicity -- IV. Acute Ethanol Intoxication -- V. Ethanol Tolerance -- VI. Ethanol Preference -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Contents of Recent Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- International Review of Neurobiology -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contents of Volumes 1-25 -- Subject Index -- Contributor Index.

Note: Cover Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Chromosome 22 Deletion Syndrome And Schizophrenia -- I. Introduction -- II. 22q11DS: Mechanism of the Deletion -- III. 22q11DS: Clinical Phenotype -- IV. 22q11DS: Psychosis -- V. 22q11DS: Neuropathology -- VI. 22q11DS: Positional Cloning Schizophrenia Susceptibility Loci -- VII. 22q11DS: Murine Models -- VIII. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Characterization of Proteome of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials and Methods -- A. Collection of Human CSF by Lumbar Puncture and Exclusion Criteria -- B. CSF Sample Preparation and Fractionation with SDS-PAGE -- C. In-Gel Digestion -- D. Protein Identification Using LC Followed by LCQ-MS -- E. Protein Identification Using Off-Line SCX Chromatography Followed by LTQ-FT MS -- F. Data Processing and Analysis -- III. Results -- A. Proteins Identified by muLC-LCQ-MS/MS -- B. Proteins Identified by nanoLC-LTQ-FT MS/MS Following Off-Line SCX Separation -- C. Reexamination of Previously Identified Proteins -- D. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Hormonal Pathways Regulating Intermale And Interfemale Aggression -- I. Introduction -- A. Common Regulatory Concepts in Males and Females -- II. Females -- A. DHEA as a Neurosteroid -- III. Males -- A. Regulation in the Adult -- B. Neural Steroid Receptors -- IV. Hormonal Modulation of Serotonin Function -- V. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Neuronal GAP Junctions: Expression, Function, And Implications For Behavior -- I. A Brief History of Gap Junctions -- II. Gap Junction Structure -- III. Gap Junctions in the Brain -- IV. Electrical Coupling in the Brain -- V. Properties and Function of Electrical Synapses -- VI. Modulation of Electrical Synapses and Gap-Junctional Coupling. , VII. Use-Dependent Plasticity -- VIII. Local Factors: Voltage, pH, and Calcium -- IX. Neurotransmitter and Second Messenger Modulation -- X. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Effects of Genes and Stress on the Neurobiology of Depression -- I. Introduction -- II. Stress and Depression -- III. Genetics and Depression -- IV. Serotonergic System -- V. Candidate Gene Studies of the Serotonergic System -- A. Serotonin Transporter -- B. Serotonin Receptors -- C. Other Serotonin Receptors -- D. Tryptophan Hydroxylase -- VI. Current Stress and the Serotonergic System -- A. Early Life Stress and the Serotonergic System -- VII. Gene Stress Interaction -- VIII. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (HPA) Axis -- A. Genetics and the HPA Axis -- B. Early Life Stress and the HPA Axis -- IX. Noradrenergic System -- A. Genetics and the Noradrenergic System -- B. Current Stress and the Noradrenergic System -- C. Early Life Stress and the Noradrenergic System -- X. Dopaminergic System in Depression -- A. Genetics and the Dopaminergic System -- B. Current Stress and the Dopaminergic System -- C. Early Life Stress and the Dopaminergic System -- XI. GABAergic System -- A. Genetics and the GABAergic System -- B. Early Life Stress and the GABAergic System -- XII. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor -- A. Genetics and BDNF -- B. Current Stress and BDNF -- C. Early Life Stress and BDNF -- XIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Quantitative Imaging with the Micro-pet Small-Animal Pet Tomograph -- I. Introduction -- II. Setup and Calibration -- A. Scanner Setup -- B. Calibration -- C. Quality Control -- D. External Radioactivity Measurements -- E. Animal Positioning -- III. Physical Corrections -- A. Randoms -- B. Deadtime -- C. Attenuation -- D. Scatter -- E. Normalization -- F. Natural Background Radioactivity of LSO -- IV. Image Reconstruction. , V. Data Analysis -- A. Anatomical Segmentation and Image Registration -- B. Partial Volume Correction -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Understanding Myelination Through Studying Its Evolution -- I. Introduction -- II. Evidence that Glial Cells First Interacted with Large Axons in a "Nonmyelin" Relationship -- III. Myelin-like Sheaths in Invertebrates -- A. Morphological Considerations -- B. Physiological Properties of Invertebrate Myelinated Fibers -- C. Biochemical Properties of Invertebrate Myelinated Fibers -- D. Concluding Remarks on Invertebrate Fiber Myelination -- IV. Vertebrate Myelinated Nervous System -- A. Morphological Features -- B. Biochemical and Molecular Features of Vertebrate Myelin Sheaths -- C. Differentiation of Myelinating CNS and PNS Glial Cells -- V. Use of Comparative Myelin Studies to Understand CNS Regeneration -- A. Myelin Inhibition, a Historical Perspective -- B. Characterization of Regeneration Inhibitors in Mammals -- C. Phylogeny of CNS Regeneration -- D. Comparative Genomics of the Myelin Inhibitory Machinery -- E. CNS Regeneration Despite Myelin Inhibitors-Does the Immune System Make the Difference? -- F. Conclusion: Collision of Biological Necessity and Clinical Needs -- VI. Future Studies of Myelin Evolution -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents of Recent Volumes.

Note: front cover -- copyright -- table of contents -- contributors -- MAPPING NEURORECEPTORS AT WORK: ON THE DEFINITION AND INTERPRETATION OF BINDING POTENTIALS AFTER 20 YEARS OF PROGRESS -- I. Twenty Years of Progress -- II. Remaining Issues -- III. Solutions -- References 1 -- MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN BIPOLAR DISORDER: FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPIC FINDINGS TO THEIR MOLECULAR MECHANISMS -- I. Introduction 2 -- II. Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- III. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy -- IV. Molecular Genetic Findings -- V. Roles of Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation -- VI. Conclusions -- References 2 -- LARGE-SCALE MICROARRAY STUDIES OF GENE EXPRESSION IN MULTIPLE REGIONS OF THE BRAIN IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- I. Introduction 3 -- II. Gene Expression Profiling Using Microarrays: Technologies Overview -- III. Postmortem Brains and Gene Expression Studies -- IV. Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles among Normal Brain Regions -- V. Gene Expression Profiles of Brain Regions in Alzheimer's Disease -- VI. Gene Expression Profiling in Schizophrenia -- VII. Future Perspectives -- References 3 -- REGULATION OF SEROTONIN 2C RECEPTOR PRE-mRNA EDITING BY SEROTONIN -- I. Introduction 4 -- II. Modification of RNA Sequences by RNA Editing via Hydrolytic Deaminations of Adenosines -- III. Enzymes Responsible for A-to-I Editing and Their Substrate Requirements -- IV. A-to-I Editing of the 5- HT2C Receptor Pre- mRNA -- V. Modulation of 5- HT2C Receptor Function by RNA Editing -- VI. 5- HT2C Pre- mRNA Editing Responses to Sustained Changes of Postsynaptic 5-HT2C Receptor Activation -- VII. 5- HT2C Pre- mRNA Editing in the Human Prefrontal Cortex and Alterations in Editing-Site Preferences in Brains of Subjects with Major Depression -- VIII. Conclusions and Future Directions -- References 4. , THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF DRUG ADDICTION: HYPODOPAMINERGIC STATE -- I. Drug Addiction as a Brain Disease -- II. The Mesolimbic Dopamine System -- III. Behavioral Animal Models -- IV. Biochemical Studies -- V. Primate Studies -- VI. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments 5 -- References 5 -- HUMAN AND ANIMAL SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES ARE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: A NOVEL THEORY AND ITS SUPPORTING EVIDENCE -- I. Introduction 6 -- II. A New Theory on the Mechanism of Pathogenesis of Spongiform Encephalopathies (SEs) -- III. Supporting Evidence -- IV. Early Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Various SE Diseases -- V. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments 6 -- References 6 -- ADENOSINE AND BRAIN FUNCTION -- I. Introduction 7 -- II. Regulation of Brain Adenosine Levels in the Central Nervous System -- III. Adenosine Receptors -- IV. Functions of Adenosine Receptors -- V. Adenosine-Dopamine Interactions in Brain -- VI. Phenotypes of Knockout Mice -- VII. Adenosine Receptors and Protection against Ischemic and Excitotoxic Brain Injuries -- VIII. Adenosine A2A Receptors and Neurodegenerative Disorders -- IX. Adenosine Receptors and Psychiatric Disorders -- X. Adenosine and the Regulation of Sleep- Wake Cycles -- XI. Adenosine and Epilepsy -- XII. Adenosine and Pain -- Acknowledgments 7 -- References 7 -- Index -- Contents of Recent Volumes.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1. GABAA Receptor Structure-Function Studies: A Reexamination in Light of New Acetylcholine Receptor Structures -- I. Overview -- II. Subunits, Cloning, Topology, and Assembly -- III. Receptor Kinetics -- IV. Channel Characteristics. Selectivity and Conductance -- V. SCAM and Channel Structure-Function Relationships -- VI. Overview of High-Resolution Structures of the Homologous ACh Receptor -- VII. The Membrane-Spanning Domain Structure -- VIII. AChBP Structure and the GABA Binding Sites -- IX. The Interface Between the Extracellular and Membrane-Spanning Domains: How Does Transduction Work? -- X. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Dopamine Mechanisms and Cocaine Reward -- I. Introduction -- II. Basic Pharmacology of Cocaine -- III. Monoamine Transporters -- IV. Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine -- V. Prefrontal Cortex Dopamine -- VI. Midbrain Dopamine Neurons -- VII. Phasic and Tonic Dopamine Release -- VIII. Dopamine Receptors -- IX. Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons -- X. Dopamine and Intracellular Cascades -- XI. Neural Basis of Associative Learning -- XII. Midbrain Dopamine Neurons and Associative Learning -- XIII. Drug Addiction and Learning -- XIV. Cocaine-Associative Learning -- XV. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3. Proteolytic Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders -- I. Introduction -- II. Proteolysis in the Central Nervous System -- III. Parkinson's Disease -- IV. Alzheimer's Disease -- V. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- VI. Polyglutamine Repeat Diseases -- VII. Prion Diseases -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4. Neuroimaging Studies in Bipolar Children and Adolescents -- I. Introduction -- II. Background -- III. Methodology -- IV. Neuropsychological Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorder -- V. Brain Imaging Findings in Adult Patients. , VI. Brain Imaging Findings in Children and Adolescents -- VII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. Chemosensory G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in the Brain -- I. Introduction -- II. Chemosensing G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Brain -- References -- Chapter 6. Disturbances of Emotion Regulation after Focal Brain Lesions -- I. Definitions -- II. The Neuroanatomy of Emotions and Feelings -- III. Disturbances of Emotional Experience After Focal Brain Damage -- IV. Developmental Versus Adult-Onset Brain Damage -- V. Neural Mechanisms of Emotional Control -- VI. Emotion, Cognition, and Social Behavior -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7. The Use of Caenorhabditis elegans in Molecular Neuropharmacology -- I. Ivermectin -- II. Fluoxetine -- III. Alcohol -- References -- Index -- Contents of Recent Volumes.

Note: Front Cover -- International Review of Neurobiology -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- Chapter 1. Assembly and Intracellular Trafficking of GABAA Receptors -- I. Introduction -- II. Assembly of GABAA Receptors -- III. Surface Targeting and Intracellular Sorting of GABAA Receptors -- IV. GABAA Receptor-Clustering Proteins -- V. Endocytosis and Recycling of GABAA Receptors -- References -- Chapter 2. Subcellular Localization and Regulation of GABAA Receptors and Associated Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Functional Significance of GABAergic Inhibition in the Brain -- III. Structural Anatomy of GABAergic Synapses -- IV. Structure of GABAA Receptors -- V. Subcellular Localization of GABAA Receptor Subtypes -- VI. Factors Implicated in Exocytosis and Endocytosis of GABAA Receptors -- VII. Synaptic Anchoring of GABAC Receptors -- VIII. GABAA Receptor-Associated Signaling Proteins -- IX. Synaptic Plasticity -- X. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3. D1 Dopamine Receptors -- I. Introduction -- II. Localization and Function of D1-like Receptors -- III. Development of Drugs for D1-like Receptors -- IV. Therapeutic and Functional Actions of D1 Receptor Agonists and Antagonists -- V. Conclusions and Future Goals -- References -- Chapter 4. Molecular Modeling of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels: Progress and Challenges -- I. The Challenge of Modeling Transmembrane Ion Channels -- II. Overview of Molecular Modeling Principles -- III. Experimental Data: Techniques and Results -- IV. Molecular Models -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. Alzheimer's Disease: Its Diagnosis and Pathogenesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Diagnostic Issues -- III. Pathogenesis -- IV. Genetic Influences -- V. Inflammation and Anti-inflammatory Drugs -- VI. Estrogen Therapy -- VII. Vascular Pathology in AD -- References. , Chapter 6. DNA Arrays and Functional Genomics in Neurobiology -- I. Introduction -- II. DNA Array Formats and Technique -- III. Applications in Neurobiology -- IV. Caveats and Future Needs -- V. Conclusion -- References -- INDEX -- CONTENTS OF RECENT VOLUMES.

Note: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- A General Theory -- B Basic Physical Aspects -- 3 Calculations of Nuclear Shielding -- A Introduction -- B Ab Initio Calculations -- C Empirical and Semi-empirical Calculations -- 4 Transmission of Effects within Molecules -- A Introduction -- B 'Resonance Effects', 'Inductive Effects', and 'Substituent Effects' in General -- C Magnetic Anisotropy Effects -- E Electric Field Effects -- F van der Waals and Steric Effects -- G Hydrogen Bonding Effects -- H Isotope Shifts -- 5 Shielding of Particular Nuclear Species -- A Introduction -- B Fluorine Chemical Shifts -- C Phosphorus Chemical Shifts -- D Boron Chemical Shifts -- E Silicon Chemical Shifts -- F Nitrogen Chemical Shifts -- G Chemical Shifts of other Nuclei -- 6 Conclusions -- Chapter2 Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Work -- A Ab Initio Calculations -- B Semi-empirical Calculations -- C Other Topics of Theoretical Interest -- 3 Coupling of Directly Bonded Nuclei -- A Coupling to Hydrogen -- B Coupling to Elements of Groups IIIB and IVB -- C Coupling to Elements of Group VB -- D Coupling to Elements of Group VIB -- E Coupling to Elements of Group VIIB -- F Miscellaneous One-bond Couplings -- 4 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Two Chemical Bonds, 2J -- A Geminal Proton-Proton Coupling -- B Two-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- C Two-bond Coupling to Carbon, Excluding 2J(13CX1H) -- D 2J(31P,29Si) -- E Coupling of Group VB and VIIB Elements to Group VB -- F Two-bond (19F,19F) Coupling -- G Miscellaneous Two-bond Couplings -- 5 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Three Chemical Bonds, 3J -- A Vicinal Proton-Proton Coupling via Carbon 3J(1HCC1H) -- B Three-bond coupling of Protons via Other Atoms. , C Three-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- D Three-bond Coupling to Carbon -- E Three-bond Coupling to Phosphorus -- F Three-bond Coupling to Fluorine -- 6 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Four Chemical Bonds, 4J -- A Proton-Proton Coupling via Carbon, 4J(1HCCC1H) -- B Four-bond Coupling of Protons via Other Atoms -- C Four-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- D Four-bond Coupling to Carbon -- E Four-bond Coupling to Fluorine -- A Proton-ProtonCoupling via Carbon,5J(1HCCCC1H) -- B Five-bond Proton-Proton Coupling via Other Atoms -- C Five-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- D Five-bond Coupling to Carbon -- E Five-bond (19F,19F) Coupling -- F 5J(195PtSiCCC19F) -- G Other Five-bond Couplings -- 8 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Six Chemical Bonds,6J -- A Proton-Proton Coupling via Carbon, 6J(1HCCCCC1H) -- B Proton-Proton Coupling via Other Atoms -- C Six-bond Coupling of Other Nuclei to Protons -- 9 Coupling between Nuclei Separated by Seven or More Chemical Bonds -- A 7J(lH,1H) -- B 9J(1HCCCCCCCC1H) -- C nJ(19F,19F) -- n = 9-14 -- 10 Coupling in π-Electron Systems -- A Homo-aromatic Molecules -- B Annulenes -- C Heterocyclic Molecules -- D Linear Molecules -- 11 Through-space Coupling -- 12 Recent Experimental Advances -- Chapter3 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Models for Molecular Rotation -- 3 Relaxation Studies in Pure Liquids -- A Proton and Deuteron Relaxation -- B 13C Relaxation -- C 29Si Relaxation -- D 207Pb Relaxation -- E Studies of Several Resonant Nuclei: 1H, 2H, 14N, 19F, 35Cl -- 4 Relaxation Studies in Liquid Mixtures of Non-electrolytes -- A Proton and Deuteron Relaxation -- B 13C Relaxation -- C Studies of Several Resonant Nuclei: 1H, 2H, 14N, 19F -- 5 Relaxation Studies in Electrolyte Solutions -- A Proton Relaxation -- B 13C Relaxation. , C Relaxation of Heavy Spin-1/2 Nuclei: 113Cd, 199Hg, 205Tl, 207Pb -- D Relaxation of Alkali-metal and Halogen Nuclei: 7Li, 23Na, 85Rb, 87Rb, 133Cs, 19F, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 127I -- Chapter 4 Bandshape Phenomena in Liquids -- 1 Introduction -- A Recent Developments -- B Coverage of the Report -- 2 Experimental Aspects -- A Fourier Transform versus Continuous Wave Spectra -- B Resolution Enhancement -- C Magnetic Field Inhomogeneities -- 3 Exchange of Magnetic Sites -- A General Aspects -- B Intramolecular Exchange -- C Intermolecular Exchange -- D Mechanistic Studies in Inorganic Chemistry -- 4 Relaxation Effects: Linewidths -- A Theoretical Work -- B Chemical Exchange Rates Determined by the Swift-Connick Approach -- C Linewidth Determinations in Paramagnetic Systems -- D Effects of Scalar Coupling to Quadrupolar Nuclei -- Chapter5 Multiple Resonance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory of Multiple Resonance -- 3 Experimental Techniques -- 4 The Nuclear Overhauser Effect -- A Intramolecular -- B Intermolecular -- 5 Chemical Applications of Multiple Resonance -- A Decoupling: Simplification and Assignment -- B Selective Irradiation Experiments: Measurements of Magnitudes and Relative Signs of Coupling Constants -- C Chemical Shift Determination -- 6 Solid-state Studies -- Chapter6 Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews -- 3 Synthetic Macromolecules -- A 1H High-resolution N.M.R. -- B Broadline N.M.R. -- C Spin-echo N.M.R. -- D 13C N.M.R. -- E 19F N.M.R. -- 4 Biological and Related Macromolecules -- A 1H N.M.R. of Synthetic Polypeptides -- B 1H N.M.R. of Natural and Related Polypeptides and Polysaccharides -- C 1H N.M.R. of Proteins -- D 1H N.M.R. of Enzymes -- E 1H N.M.R. of Polynucleotides -- F 13C Studies -- G Other Nuclei -- 5 Small Molecules -- A 1H Studies of Hydration -- B 1H N.M.R.- General Studies -- C 13C N.M.R. Studies -- D Other Nuclei. , E Counter-ion N.M.R. -- Chapter 7 Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews -- 3 Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases -- A Alkyl-chain Resonances -- B Water Studies -- C Counter-ion Studies -- D Vesicle Studies -- 4 Thermotropic Liquid Crystals -- 5 Micelles -- 6 Reversed Micelles -- 7 Microemulsions and Emulsions -- Chapter 8 The Solid State -- 1 General Introduction -- 2 Half-integral Spins in Diamagnetic Solids -- A Introduction -- B Theory of the Resonance Spectrum -- C Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation Theory -- D Structural Studies -- E Motional Studies (Classical Regime) -- F Quantum Effects -- G High Resolution in Solids -- H N.M.R. Image Formation -- A Introduction -- B 2H N.M.R. -- C First-row Elements -- D Second-row Elements -- E Other Nuclei -- 4 Systems with Unpaired Electrons in the Absence of Magnetic Ordering -- A Non-metallic Paramagnetic Systems -- B Metals -- C Alloys -- D Semiconductors -- E Metal Hydrides -- F One-dimensional Metals -- 5 Ordered Magnetic Materials -- A Ferromagnetic Materials -- B Antiferromagnetic Materials -- C Ferrimagnetic Materials -- 6 New Apparatus and Techniques -- A Techniques -- B Analysis -- C Sources of Error -- D Apparatus -- 7 Surface Phenomena -- A Introduction -- B Adsorption on Graphite and Charcoal -- C Adsorption on Silica -- D Adsorption on Aluminas and other Surfaces -- E Zeolites -- Chapter 9 Medium Effects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Non-specific Medium Effects -- 3 Effects due to Specific Interactions with the Medium -- A The ASIS Effect -- B Hydrogen-bonded Systems -- C Aqueous Systems -- D Ionic Solutions -- E Micellar Aggregation -- 4 Shift Reagents -- Author Index.