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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antidepressive effect and pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline with consideration of unbound drug and 10-hydroxynortriptyline plasma levels (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 76 (1982), S. 240-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Nortriptyline ; 10-Hydroxy-nortriptyline ; Plasma drug levels ; Plasma protein binding ; Drug response ; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 27 inpatients with primary affective disorder the urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) was measured prior to a 4-week treatment with 150 mg amitriptyline (AT)/day. Ratings according to the Hamilton depression scale were performed before therapy and repeated after 2 and 4 weeks. Plasma levels of AT, nortriptyline (NT), and E-10-hydroxynortriptyline (OHNT) were assayed weekly, and binding of AT to plasma proteins was determined in one sample. Better therapeutic results were obtained at intermediate, as compared to low and high concentrations of AT or AT plus NT. Independent evaluation of AT and metabolite levels revealed that patients with AT of 50–125 mg/ml responded particularly well when NT did not exceed 95 ng/ml or when NT plus OHNT was below 150 ng/ml. Outside this ‘therapeutic window’ the outcome was markedly poorer. Interindividual variation of AT binding was much smaller than variation of total concentrations. Evaluation of free, instead of total levels did not help to clarify the relationship between clinical and pharmacokinetic variables. Plasma levels within the optimal ranges were found in more patients with high than with low MHPG excretion. The frec fraction of OHNT in plasma of healthy subjects was about 35%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432553
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amitriptyline and oxaprotiline in the treatment of hospitalized depressive patients (1986)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 235 (1986), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Primary depression ; Amitriptyline ; Oxaprotiline ; Psychophysiology ; Drug plasma level ; MHPG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amitriptyline (AT) and the noradrenaline reuptake inhibiting antidepressant oxaprotiline (OT = hydroxymaprotiline) were compared in 59 primary depressive inpatients in a 4-week double blind parallel group design. In the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and 2 self-rating scales AT proved to be more efficient than OT, mainly with respect to disturbances of appetite and sleep. Agitated patients receiving OT needed more additional tranquilizing medication. The number of side-effects did not differ. Both drugs increased heart rate and skin resistance level (SRL) to about the same degree and did not influence the number of spontaneous fluctuations of SRL, habituation of SRL orienting responses (OR), frequencies of respiration and blinking. Salivation was temporarily more impaired by AT. All physiological variables differed between patients and 30 healthy controls during the whole 4-week trial. Clinical outcome showed a linear relation to OT plasma levels. For AT a therapeutic window was confirmed for concentrations of AT and its metabolite nortriptyline between 125 and 200 ng/ml. Patients whose SRL-OR habituated rapidly had a better outcome than slow habituators. Urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol was lower in patients than in controls but could not predict outcome with either drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381001
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whole-body kinetics and dosimetry of l-3-[123I]iodo-α-methyltyrosine (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 1162-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: l-3-[I-123]iodo-α-methyltyrosine ; Dosimetry ; Brain tumours ; Amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The synthetic amino acid l-3-[123I]iodo-α-methyltyrosine (IMT) is currently under clinical evaluation as a single-photon emission tomography (SPET) tracer of amino acid uptake in brain tumours. So far, dosimetric data in respect of IMT are not available. Therefore we investigated the whole-body distribution of IMT in six patients with cerebral gliomas and the radiation doses were estimated. Whole-body scans were acquired at 1.5, 3 and 5 h after i.v. injection of 370–550 MBq IMT. The bladder was voided prior to each scan and the radioactivity excreted in the urine was measured. Based on the MIRD-11 method and the updated MIRDOSE3, the mean absorbed doses for various organs and the effective dose were calculated from geometric means of the anterior and posterior whole-body scans using seven source organs and the residence time. IMT was predominantly excreted by the kidneys (52.8%±11.5% at 1.5 h p.i., 63.0%±15.7% at 3 h p.i. and 74.6%±9.8% at 5 h p.i.). No organ system other than the urinary tract showed significant retention of the tracer. Early whole-body scans revealed slightly increased tracer uptake in the liver and in the bowel. Highest absorbed doses were found for the urinary bladder wall (0.047 mGy/MBq), the kidneys (0.010 mGy/MBq), the lower large intestinal wall (0.011 mGy/MBq) and the upper large intestinal wall (0.008 mGy/MBq). The effective dose according to ICRP 60 was estimated to be 0.0073 mSv/MBq for adults. This leads to an effective dose of 3.65 mSv in a typical brain SPET study using 500 MBq IMT. The MIRDOSE3 scheme yielded similar results. Thus, in spite of the relatively high tracer dose required for optimal brain scanning, radiation exposure in SPET studies with IMT is in the normal range of routine nuclear medicine investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254250
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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