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  • Articles  (8)
  • OceanRep
  • Gröbner bases  (3)
  • Treatment  (3)
  • Alzheimer’s disease  (2)
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  • Articles  (8)
  • OceanRep
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Advances in computational mathematics 12 (2000), S. 335-362 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: ideal bases ; Gröbner bases ; multivariate polynomials ; interpolation ; systems of polynomial equations ; 65D05 ; 65H10 ; 13P10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The H-basis concept allows, similarly to the Gröbner basis concept, a reformulation of nonlinear problems in terms of linear algebra. We exhibit parallels of the two concepts, show properties of H-bases, discuss their construction and uniqueness questions, and prove that n polynomials in n variables are, under mild conditions, already H-bases. We apply H-bases to the solution of polynomial systems by the eigenmethod and to multivariate interpolation.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanztomographie ; Demenz ; Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ ; MR-Volumetrie ; Signalveränderungen ; Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; MR-volumetry ; Signalhyperintensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary One of the most widely used neuroimaging procedures in Psychiatry and Neurology is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI has gained the position of a standard investigation in the differential diagnosis of dementia syndromes. In the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) MRI helps to improve the diagnostical accuracy. Recently new MRI-based techniques for performing volumetric measurement of cortical and subcortical structures have been developed. First reports indicate that MRI-based volumetric measurements can be accurate in differentiating AD patients from cognitively normal elderly individuals. These new techniques may be useful adjunct in assessing the clinical diagnosis of AD. Results could also yield insight in the fundamental pathology of the degenerative disease. It is the objective of this chapter to summarize and comment on the significance of MRI in the diagnosis and research of AD. Future directions are outlined, including the use of microscopic MRI, the differentiation of white matter signal hyperintensities and the combined evaluation of stuctural MRI and functional imaging techniques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) des Gehirns kommt als strukturelles bildgebendes Verfahren in der Psychiatrie und Neurologie zur breiten Anwendung. Bei der Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (AD) trägt die MRT zur Verbesserung der klinischen Diagnosestellung im Rahmen der Mehrebenendiagnostik [1] und zur differentialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung anderer mit einem dementiellen Syndrom einhergehender Erkrankungen bei. Neu entwickelte Verfahren der MRT-gestützten Volumetrie kortikaler und subkortikaler Strukturen erwiesen sich als nützlich in der Differenzierung zwischen kognitiv gesunden älteren Probanden und AD-Patienten. Darüber hinaus versprechen sie neue Einsichten in den zeitlichen und strukturellen Verlauf der zerebralen Degeneration. Zusätzlich kann die systematische quantitative Erfassung von Signalveränderungen bei AD-Patienten zur Verbesserung der diagnostischen Genauigkeit beitragen. Es ist die Absicht dieser Arbeit, den Beitrag der MRT zur Diagnostik der AD und zum Verständnis ihrer Pathogenese darzustellen, aber auch die Grenzen dieser Methodik aufzuzeigen. Dabei werden die Veränderungen des gesunden Alterungsprozesses miteinbezogen, die mit Hilfe der MRT-Bildgebung faßbar sind. Zukünftige Perspektiven liegen insbesondere in der Weiterentwicklung der mikroskopischen MRT, der genauen Differenzierung und Klassifikation von Signalveränderungen der weißen Substanz und im kombinierten Einsatz der MRT mit funktionellen bildgebenden Methoden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Transkranielle Magnetstimulation ; Elektrokrampftherapie ; Depression ; Therapie ; Key words Transcranial magnetic stimulation ; Electro convulsive therapy ; Depression ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used since a decade to investigate the central motor system in the neurological routine diagnostic. From this experience TMS has prooved to be a save and well tolerated procedure. In the past few years several studies investigated TMS to electrically stimulate deeper brain regions to find antidepressive effects in analogy to electro convulsive therapy (ECT). This could be of great advantage as TMS is well tolerated and does not require general anesthesia. There have been some case reports and also some controlled clinical studies on TMS as a therapeutic tool. The results of these studies have been promising. Many questions regarding technical and clinical aspects remain to be answered. In the future however TMS could be a valuable addition in the treatment of depression.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) ist ein Verfahren, das seit nunmehr einer Dekade in der neurologischen Diagnostik zur Untersuchung der motorischen Bahnsysteme routinemäßig eingesetzt wird. Aus dieser Zeit ist die TMS bezüglich der Sicherheit in der Anwendung am Menschen gut untersucht und hat sich als sicher und nebenwirkungsfrei erwiesen. Seit wenigen Jahren wird die Möglichkeit untersucht, mittels der TMS nichtinvasiv tiefere Hirnregionen elektrisch zu stimulieren und so, in Analogie zur Elektrokrampftherapie, eine antidepressive Wirkung zu erzielen. Dies hätte große Vorteile, da dieses Verfahren schonend und ohne Narkose angewendet werden kann. Mehrere Einzelfallanwendungen, aber auch schon mehrere klinisch kontrollierte Studien lassen z. Z. die begründete Hoffnung zu, daß dieses Verfahren zu einer Erweiterung des Spektrums antidepressiver Behandlungsverfahren führen könnte.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 507-518 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Postoperatives Delir ; Postoperative psychiatrische Störungen ; Therapie ; Prophylaxe ; Key words Postoperative delirium ; Postoperative psychiatric disturbance ; Treatment ; Prophylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract After surgical operations delirium can occur as a serious and possible lethal complication in about 5–15% of patients. Additionally, risk factors such as old age, polymedication, organic and psychiatric diseases raise the incidence. After open-heart- and orthopedic surgery more than half of the patients are affected. Delirium has negative effects on postoperative mobilization and reconvalescence and prolongs treatment on the ward. It is discussed in the literature that delirium may induce dementia in older patients. The correction of metabolic- and electrolyte imbalances, as well as the therapy of neurologic and psychiatric diseases, belongs to prophylactic treatment. Environmental conditions which facilitate reorientation of the patient after operation have beneficial effects. Some success has been achieved by using the nootropic substance piracetam as a prophylactic. In acute treatment, the butyrophenon-neuroleptic haloperidol is the drug of choice. In delirium caused by intoxication with anticholinergic agents, physostigmin is indicated. Benzodiazepines, clonidine and clomethiazole are used in particular for the treatment of withdrawal delirium.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach operativen Eingriffen kommt es bei 5 bis 15% der Patienten zu einem Delir, welches eine ernste und potentiell tödliche Komplikation darstellt. Bei zusätzlich bestehenden Risikofaktoren wie hohem Alter, medikamentöser Mehrfachtherapie, somatischen und psychiatrischen Störungen findet sich eine noch wesentlich höhere Inzidenz. Bei Operationen am offenen Herzen und orthopädischen Eingriffen sind über die Hälfte der Patienten betroffen. Das Delir beeinträchtigt die postoperative Mobilisierung und Rekonvaleszenz der Patienten und führt zur Verlängerung des stationären Aufenthalts. Die Gefahr einer dementiellen Entwicklung als Spätfolge des Delir bei älteren Patienten wird in der Literatur diskutiert. Zu den Maßnahmen der Prophylaxe zählen die Behandlung von metabolischen Entgleisungen, Ausgleich von Elektrolytstörungen und Therapie von neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Verhaltensmaßnahmen, die die Orientierung des Patienten nach der Operation erleichtern, haben eine günstige Wirkung. Erfolge wurden durch die prophylaktische Verabreichung des Nootropikums Piracetam berichtet. In der Akutbehandlung ist das Butyrophenon-Neuroleptikum Haloperidol Mittel der Wahl zur Sedierung. Bei Delirien auf der Grundlage einer Intoxikation mit anticholinerg wirkenden Pharmaka ist Physostigmin indiziert. Benzodiazepine, Clonidin und Clomethiazol kommen v.a. bei der Behandlung des Entzugsdelir zum Einsatz.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing 4 (1993), S. 103-145 
    ISSN: 1432-0622
    Keywords: Gröbner bases ; Polynomial ideals ; Dual bases ; Interpolation ; 0-dimensional schemes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study 0-dimensional polynomial ideals defined by a dual basis, i.e. as the set of polynomials which are in the kernel of a set of linear morphisms from the polynomial ring to the base field. For such ideals, we give polynomial complexity algorithms to compute a Gröbner basis, generalizing the Buchberger-Möller algorithm for computing a basis of an ideal vanishing at a set of points and the FGLM basis conversion algorithm. As an application to Algebraic Geometry, we show how to compute in polynomial time a minimal basis of an ideal of projective points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing 4 (1993), S. 217-230 
    ISSN: 1432-0622
    Keywords: Algebraic variety decomposition ; Gröbner bases ; Systems of nonlinear equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with systems ofm polynomial equations inn unknown, which have only finitely many solutions. A method is presented which decomposes the solution set into finitely many subsets, each of them given by a system of type $$f_1 \left( {x_1 } \right) = 0,f_2 \left( {x_1 ,x_2 } \right) = 0, \ldots ,f_n \left( {x_1 , \ldots ,x_n } \right) = 0$$ . The main tools for the decomposition are from ideal theory and use symbolical manipulations. For the ideal generated by the polynomials which describe the solution set, a lexicographical Gröbner basis is required. A particular element of this basis allows the decomposition of the solution set. By a recursive application of these decomposition techniques the triangular subsystems are finally obtained. The algorithm gives even for non-finite solution sets often also usable decompositions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1985), S. 370-373 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronopharmacology ; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ; Hydrocortisone ; 9α-Fluorhydrocortisone ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The conventional treatment of CAH with hydrocortisone (16–19 mg/m2 per day) and 9α-F-cortisol (just enough to normalise renin concentrations, started at 07:00 h) was inffective in suppressing the early morning rise of 17-OH-progesterone and in turn androgens in about 20% of our patients. The present work explored the effect of a modified dosage regimen of the drug in five patients. The schedule was: 03:00 h F 33%+9α-F-F 33%; 07:00 h F 30%; 12:00 h F 22%+9α-F-F 33%; 17:30 h F 15%+9α-F-F 33%. Monitored levels of circulating 17-OH-progesterone, testosterone, and individual urinary 17-ketosteroids showed significant improvement, which was not achieved by giving higher or later evening doses. Menarche was induced in two girls (bone age 15 years). The modified dosage schedule offers on the one hand the possibility of better management of CAH, and on the other, cuts down the risk of enhanced Cushing-like effects, which in animal models have been related frequently to dosage schedules not corresponding to the circadian rhythm. The difficulty of administering the drugs at 03:00 h should be overcome by the development of a late-releasing preparation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 249 (1999), S. 190-196 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words HMPAO-SPECT ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Hypoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The primary objective of this study was to test hypotheses about the relationship between HMPAO-SPECT findings and probable Alzheimer’s disease (DAT) in a relatively large sample of patients diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. SPECT patterns of 20 controls and 116 DAT patients were investigated. Left and right frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions of the brain were rated as showing a hypoperfusion or not. A wide variety of patterns were found and these are described in detail below. In DAT patients, temporal and/or parietal regions were affected significantly more often (88%, p 〉 0.001) than frontal and/or occipital regions (70%). A bilateral temporoparietal pattern, which has been repeatedly reported as typical for DAT, was observed in 48% of DAT patients, but also in 25% of controls, and did not differentiate significantly between these two groups (p 〉 0.05). Conversely, more than three regions with hypoperfusion were observed significantly more often in DAT patients (48%, p 〈 0.01) than in controls (10%). In DAT patients, the number of regions with hypoperfusion correlated significantly with the score of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE, r = 0.33, p 〈 0.001). The frequency of at least one hypoperfusion was approximately equal in left and right hemispheres (77% vs. 73%, p = 0.2). The hypothesis that cognitive decline in DAT starts in the temporal regions was tested in 14 SPECT patterns showing only one region with hypoperfusion. In 12 of these patterns, a temporal region was in fact affected (p 〈 0.001). Whereas hypoperfusion in frontal areas was not accompanied by a significantly lower MMSE than when only temporoparietal regions were affected, MMSE scores were significantly lower when occipital regions were affected in addition to temporoparietal regions (p 〈 0.05). The clinical use of SPECT findings was tested in discriminating analyses with the MMSE and a delayed recall test as additional predictors of DAT. Whereas the MMSE and the delayed recall test differentiated significantly between DAT patients and controls, SPECT findings yielded no further differentiation. In conclusion, the theoretical and clinical implications of SPECT findings and their relationships to other physiological and psychological variables deserve further investigation.
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