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  • Alzheimer's disease  (2)
  • Astrocytes  (1)
  • Depressive disorders  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunologische Systemerkrankungen als Differentialdiagnose in der Psychiatrie (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 696-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Autoimmunerkrankung ; Systemischer Lupus erythematodes ; Sjögren-Syndrom ; Vaskulitis ; Depression ; Schizophrenie ; Demenz ; Hirnorganisches Psychosyndrom ; Key words Autoimmune diseases ; Systemic lupus erythematodes ; Sjögren’s syndrome ; Mental disorders ; Depressive disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Dementia ; Organic brain syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Psychiatric symptoms may be caused by systemic autoimmune diseases. Quite often, mental disorders are an early symptom during the course of an autoimmune disease and sometimes they may even be the presenting symptom. This article reviews psychiatric and neurologic symptoms in systemic lupus erythematodes, Sjögren syndrome, primary vasculitides and other immunopathies such as the primary antiphospholipid syndrome and Sneddon’s syndrome. The article also discusses diagnostic aspects and therapeutic options if an autoimmune disease as cause of a psychiatric or neurologic symptom is suspected. An increased awareness of psychiatrists and neurologists will make it possible that systemic autoimmune diseases are early identified as a possible cause of psychiatric symptoms and may then be treated adequately.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Psychische Störungen können bei zahlreichen immunologischen Systemerkrankungen auftreten. Häufig sind sie ein frühes Krankheitssymptom, gelegentlich sogar das präsentierende Symptom. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über das Vorkommen psychischer und neurologischer Symptome bei verschiedenen immunologischen Systemerkrankungen wie dem systemischen Lupus erythematodes, dem Sjögren-Syndrom, den primären Vaskulitiden und anderen Immunopathien wie dem Antiphospholipidsyndrom und dem Sneddon-Syndrom. Darüber hinaus werden Leitlinien zum differentialdiagnostischen Vorgehen und zur Therapie bei Verdacht auf eine immunologische Systemerkrankung als Ursache einer psychischen Störung dargelegt und diskutiert. Durch Beachtung der gegebenen Leitlinien kann es in Einzelfällen psychischer Störungen gelingen, eine immunologische Systemerkrankung als Ursache der psychischen Störung zu identifizieren und so frühzeitig eine kausale Therapie einzuleiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050184
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-6 is present in early stages of plaque formation and is restricted to the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 544-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Senile plaques ; Primitive plaques ; Alzheimer's disease ; Interleukin-6 ; Pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) immunoreactivity has previously been shown in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elevated IL-6 concentrations have been measured biochemically in brains of AD patients. In this study, we investigated the appearance of IL-6 immunoreactivity in AD plaques according to the stage of plaque formation. Using the Bielschowsky silver-staining method, we were able to differentiate between four types of plaques described earlier: diffuse, primitive, classic and compact. While diffuse plaques represent the early stage of plaque formation, primitive and classic plaques are thought to represent later stages of plaque development. We investigated serial sections of paraffin-embedded cortices of ten clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed AD patients and ten patients with no clinical history of dementia. We found plaques in the brains of both nondemented and demented persons using the silver staining method or immunohistochemistry with antibodies against the amyloid precursor protein. In the group of clinically nondemented persons, diffuse plaques were the predominant plaque type, whereas primitive plaques formed the larger portion of lesions in the group of AD brains. IL-6 could not be detected in plaques of patients without dementia. Many IL-6-positive plaques were found in six of the AD brains and to a smaller extent in the other four AD cases. In the six cases with a large number of IL-6-positive plaques, IL-6 was found in a significantly higher ratio of diffuse plaques than expected from a random distribution of IL-6 in all plaque types. We conclude from these findings that IL-6 immunoreactivity correlates with clinical dementia and that in AD patients, an IL-6-related immunological event may contribute to plaque formation. IL-6 might be involved both in the transformation from diffuse to primitive plaques in AD as well as in the development of dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571510
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-6 is present in early stages of plaque formation and is restricted to the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 544-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Senile plaques ; Primitive plaques ; Alzheimer's disease ; Interleukin-6 ; Pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) immunoreactivity has previously been shown in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elevated IL-6 concentrations have been measured biochemically in brains of AD patients. In this study, we investigated the appearance of IL-6 immunoreactivity in AD plaques according to the stage of plaque formation. Using the Bielschowsky silver-staining method, we were able to differentiate between four types of plaques described earlier: diffuse, primitive, classic and compact. While diffuse plaques represent the early stage of plaque formation, primitive and classic plaques are thought to represent later stages of plaque development. We investigated serial sections of paraffin-embedded cortices of ten clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed AD patients and ten patients with no clinical history of dementia. We found plaques in the brains of both nondemented and demented persons using the silver staining method or immunohistochemistry with antibodies against the amyloid precursor protein. In the group of clinically nondemented persons, diffuse plaques were the predominant plaque type, whereas primitive plaques formed the larger portion of lesions in the group of AD brains. IL-6 could not be detected in plaques of patients without dementia. Many IL-6-positive plaques were found in six of the AD brains and to a smaller extent in the other four AD cases. In the six cases with a large number of IL-6-positive plaques, IL-6 was found in a significantly higher ratio of diffuse plaques than expected from a random distribution of IL-6 in all plaque types. We conclude from these findings that IL-6 immunoreactivity correlates with clinical dementia and that in AD patients, an IL-6-related immunological event may contribute to plaque formation. IL-6 might be involved both in the transformation from diffuse to primitive plaques in AD as well as in the development of dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571510
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potent inhibition of interleukin-6 expression in a human astrocytoma cell line by tenidap (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 288 (1997), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-1β ; Tenidap ; Astrocytes ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Therapy ; Cell culture ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Tenidap is a structurally novel antirheumatic agent with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Previous studies have shown that tenidap is able to inhibit the production and action of cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor α. However, the mechanisms by which tenidap inhibits cytokine synthesis are not yet known. We investigated in the human astrocytoma cell line U373 whether tenidap inhibits IL-6 synthesis by inhibition of certain signal transduction processes leading to IL-6 synthesis. Cells were stimulated with different substances which have previously been shown to activate protein kinase A or C, reactive oxygen intermediates as well as transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B and AP-1 and which all result in IL-6 synthesis. Tenidap was a very potent inhibitor of IL-6 synthesis independent of the stimuli used, suggesting an inhibitory mechanism other than inhibition of a certain signal transduction pathway. Since IL-6 has been shown to be involved in the etiopathology of Alzheimer’s disease and since the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appears to be of therapeutical benefit, it is concluded that tenidap should be tested in clinical trials in order to determine whether it may be useful for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050810
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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