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  • Chemistry  (15)
  • Alligator mississippiensis  (3)
  • L-type Ca2+ channels  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nimodipine and/or haloperidol on the expression of conditioned locomotion and sensitization to cocaine in rats (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 114 (1994), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Nimodipine ; Haloperidol ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Dopamine receptors ; Behavioral sensitization ; Conditioned locomotion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of classical conditioning of cocaine's locomotor effects can be dissociated from the development of sensitization to cocaine by co-administration of haloperidol, a dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist, and nimodipine, an L-type calcium channel antagonist. The effects of these agents on theexpression of conditioning and sensitization are described in the present report. Rats were given injections of vehicle or cocaine (10 mg/kg, IP) for 10 days before placement in a specific context in which locomotor activity was recorded. Neither haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, IP) nor nimodipine (10 mg/kg, SC) influenced the expression of classical conditioning of cocaine's locomotor effects to the situational context on a subsequent cocaine-free test. Combined treatment of rats with both drugs did block classical conditioning with cocaine. Nimodipine, but not haloperidol, blocked the expression of behavioural sensitization to cocaine after a cocaine challenge. It is concluded that the expression of cocaine-induced classical conditioning can be pharmacologically dissociated from the expression of behavioural sensitization to cocaine. Furthermore, the effects of nimodipine and haloperidol on the expression of conditioning and sensitization are different from their effects on the development of these phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244854
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unbiased cocaine conditioned place preferences (CPP) obscures conditioned locomotion, and nimodipine blockade of cocaine CPP is due to conditioned place aversions (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 130 (1997), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cocaine ; Stimulants ; Nimodipine ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Locomotor activity ; Conditioned place preferences ; Conditioned place aversions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of nimodipine (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg, SC), a dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, on the establishment of cocaine-(10 mg/kg IP) conditioned place preferences (CPP) was investigated. Nimodipine produced conditioned place aversions (CPA) on its own; reductions in cocaine CPP are apparently due to this CPA. There is a high negative correlation between time spent in the CS+ compartment and the difference in locomotion rates between the CS+ and the non-drug (CS−) compartments, independent of drug effects. This relationship is responsible for an increased rate of locomotion observed in the CS− compartment in cocaine-conditioned rats. Analysis of covariance indicated that cocaine CPP occurred independently of cocaine’s effects on locomotion. Furthermore, cocaine produces an increase in the rate of locomotion in the CS+ compartment when time spent in this compartment is equated with time spent in the CS− compartment. This suggests that cocaine’s effects on CPP and “conditioned” locomotion are due to separate mechanisms of action. On the other hand, nimodipine-induced place aversions and locomotor rates are not independent of each other, indicating a common mechanism of action, or that one is a consequence of the other. It is concluded that place preferences and place aversions can sometimes be secondary to compartment-specific locomotor changes, and locomotion effects can be confounded by differential times spent in each compartment. The relationships between these two behaviours must be controlled for before conclusions of CPP or CPA can be drawn in drug conditioning studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050247
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nimodipine and haloperidol attenuate behavioural sensitization to cocaine but only nimodipine blocks the establishment of conditioned locomotion induced by cocaine (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 113 (1994), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Nimodipine ; Haloperidol ; L-type Ca2+ channels ; Behavioral sensitization ; Classical conditioning ; Conditioned locomotion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The classical conditioning of the behavioural effects of cocaine has been shown to contribute to behavioural sensitization. In the present experiments, it was demonstrated that the effects of cocaine in rats can be conditioned to contextual stimuli. Furthermore, sensitization to cocaine's locomotor effects were demonstrated, and shown to be context specific. Nimodipine (10 mg/kg, SC), an L-type dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist, appeared to completely block the establishment of conditioning of cocaine's effects, but only partially blocked sensitization to cocaine. Haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, IP), a relatively specific D2 dopamine receptor antagonist, attenuated behavioral sensitization but had no influence on the establishment of the conditioned component of cocaine. These results indicate that the sensitization to, and the development of classical conditioning of, cocaine's behavioural effects can be pharmacologically dissociated, but that a non-associative process involved in sensitization is normally overridden by conditioning factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245216
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight distribution in a polymer film degraded by lightProd. No. 1261 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An explicit expression is derived for the weight distribution function of polymer molecules in a photodegraded film. A most probable weight distribution of linear molecules is assumed initially present; normally incident, monochromatic light obeying a single Beer-Lambert absorption relation is the photolyzing radiation. The dependence of the weight distribution upon the film's optical thickness and the integrated incident light flux is illustrated by curves computed according to the derived functions. Predicted gel permeation chromatograms are indicated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100301
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight characterization of soluble high performance polyimides. 1. Polymer-solvent-stationary phase interactions in size exclusion chromatography (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1429-1439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: soluble aromatic polyimides ; size exclusion chromatography ; molecular weight characterization ; mobile phase/stationary phase interactions (SEC) ; high performance polyimides ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Soluble, fully cyclized m-amino phenyl acetylene terminated polyimides based on several anhydride/diamine monomers were prepared in N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP) and cyclized by solution imidization to controlled molecular weight. The polyimides and a polyamic acid precursor were successfully analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) utilizing online parallel coupled refractive index and differential viscometer detectors. The calculated Mnvalues were varied from 3,000 to 20,000 daltons. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and chloroform served as mobile phases for the cross-linked polystyrene gel packings. Normal retention behavior of the polyimides was observed in chloroform, THF, and NMP containing LiBr, or in NMP stirred over P2O5 before use. Values of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponents for narrow distribution linear polystyrene indicate that pure NMP and NMP with 0.06 M LiBr are good solvents for polystyrene standards at 60°C. In contrast, SEC behavior of polyimides in pure NMP leads to splitting of the peaks with the major portion observed to pass through the columns at the exclusion limit. In contrast to strong polymeric chain expansion of the polyamic acid in dilute solution, presumably due to a polyelectrolyte effect, no increase of intrinsic viscosity of polyimide samples in pure NMP was observed. This exclusion effect of polyimides analyzed in NMP is discussed in terms of possible ion-exclusion from pores of the stationary phase. Differences in polystyrene calibration in NMP with or without additives and the temperature dependence of calibration curves in these mobile phases is discussed as well. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090331001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiolysis of polymethyl isopropenyl ketone (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 47 (1960), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymethyl isopropenyl ketone (PMIPK) undergoes random chain scission when irradiated at 23°C. with gamma rays or with ultraviolet light. Total energy absorption per chain scission, Ed, is 94 e.v./scission for PMIPK powders irradiated in vacuo with spent reactor fuel element gamma rays (0.42 Mrad/hr.). Ed is 84 e.v./scission for a PMIPK powder irradiated in vacuo with Co60 gamma rays (0.109 Mrad/hr.). The presence of air lowers the value of Ed to 41 e.v./scission under the former conditions. A film of PMIPK irradiated in air with 2537-A. wavelength light exhibits Ed = 22 e.v./scission or a quantum yield φd = 0.22 chain scissions/absorbed photon. The viscosity-average molecular weights of this film vary with light exposure in accordance with theoretical predictions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204714924
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron irradiation of polyacrylatesContribution No. 108 from the Central Research Department, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. Presented before the Symposium on the Effect of Radiation on Polymers, Division of Polymer Chemistry, 127th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 5, 1955. (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 22 (1956), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crosslinking and degradation of seven polyacrylates by 1000 kvp. electrons has been investigated. Gel content-radiation dose analysis reveals the energy dissipation per main-chain fracture, Ed, to be the same (530 ± 100 electron volts) for methyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl acrylate polymers. The energy dissipation per crosslinked unit formation, Ec, is 80-90 e.v. for methyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and neopentyl acrylate polymers. Ec may be slightly higher for poly-sec-butyl acrylate. Poly-tert-butyl acrylate possesses a uniquely high Ec of 300 e.v. The presence of hydrogen atoms alpha to the alcoholic oxygen of the ester group is believed to contribute strongly to the crosslinking reactions of polyacrylates under ionizing radiations. Poly-1,1-dihydroperfluorobutyl acrylate exhibits an initial Ec of ∼45 e.v. and an Ed of ∼450 e.v. Beyond 15 megareps the ration of main-chain fracture to crosslink formation increases.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1956.1202210214
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light stabilization of polymers using opaque pigments (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1389-1395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ultraviolet light screening characteristics of monodisperse and polydisperse opaque spherical pigment particles are examined in the nonreflection limit. The screening capability for polydisperse particle size distributions is most uniquely described in terms of the area-average radius. The light screening is related to the pigment's area-average radius and volume fraction loading. Light intensity as a function of depth is stated for systems containing an opaque pigment and a soluble UV light absorber.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330426
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid determination of the MW of a PF resin by HPSEC using a bondagel column (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 4291-4293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320342
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection of polymers from degradation by ultraviolet light: Compensation for increased UV light intensity by increased UV absorber concentration (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2249-2252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330632
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