Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
Understanding species' responses to upwelling may be especially important in light of ongoing environmental change. Upwelling frequency and intensity are expected to increase in the future, while ocean acidification and deoxygenation are expected to decrease the pH and dissolved oxygen of upwelled waters. However, the acute effects of a single upwelling event and the integrated effects of multiple upwelling events on marine organisms are poorly understood. Here, we use in situ measurements of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen to characterize the covariance of environmental conditions within upwelling-dominated kelp forest ecosystems. We then test the effects of acute (0-3 days) and chronic (1-3 month) upwelling on the performance of two species of kelp forest grazers, the echinoderm, Mesocentrotus franciscanus, and the gastropod, Promartynia pulligo. We exposed organisms to static conditions in a regression design to determine the shape of the relationship between upwelling and performance and provide insights into the potential effects in a variable environment. We found that respiration, grazing, growth, and net calcification decline linearly with increasing upwelling intensity for M. francicanus over both acute and chronic timescales. Promartynia pulligo exhibited decreased respiration, grazing, and net calcification with increased upwelling intensity after chronic exposure, but we did not detect an effect over acute timescales or on growth after chronic exposure. Given the highly correlated nature of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the California Current, our results suggest the relationship between upwelling intensity and growth in the 3-month trial could potentially be used to estimate growth integrated over long-term dynamic oceanographic conditions for M. franciscanus. Together, these results indicate current exposure to upwelling may reduce species performance and predicted future increases in upwelling frequency and intensity could affect ecosystem function by modifying the ecological roles of key species.
Keywords:
Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Buoyant mass; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); DATE/TIME; Echinodermata; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Grazing rate; Growth/Morphology; Identification; Laboratory experiment; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Mesocentrotus franciscanus; Method comment; Mollusca; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oxygen; Oxygen, dissolved; Oxygen, dissolved, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric titration; Principal component 1; Principal component 2; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Sample elevation; Sample ID; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Spectrophotometric; Tegula pulligo; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in days; Treatment; Type; Wet mass
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 69718 data points
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