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  • General Chemistry  (23)
  • Anemometer, Thies Clima; BARO; Barometer; DATE/TIME; Glaciers Austria; HEIGHT above ground; Humidity, relative; HYGRO; Hygrometer; Moisture balance, Gertsch; Pegelstation_Vernagtbach_meteorology; Precipitation; Pt-100 temperature sensor; Pyranometer, Eppley; Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation; Short-wave upward (REFLEX) radiation; Station pressure; Temperature, air; Unmanned weather station/meteorological observation; UWST; Vernagtferner, Ötztaler Alpen, Austria; Wind direction; Wind speed  (12)
  • Hypertension  (12)
  • Aldosterone  (8)
Document type
Keywords
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Ca2+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several disturbances of cellular Ca2+ metabolism have been described in essential hypertension and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Possibly the elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in arterial smooth muscle cells is one important step in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension. In most studies a decreased energy-dependent Ca2+ transport has been proposed as a mechanism. However, disturbances in cellular Ca2+ metabolism, which can be exclusively ascribed to essential hypertension, have not yet been found. The cause of altered cellular Ca2+ transport in primary hypertension may either be a genetically determined defect of membrane transport or a still-unidentified humoral factor.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adenoma ; Aldosterone ; Adrenalectomy ; Gynecomastia ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Hyperplasia ; Spironolactone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since 1974 primary aldosteronism has been diagnosed in 71 patients in our outpatient clinic. Thirty-four patients had a unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma, whereas bilateral adrenal hyperplasia was diagnosed in 37 patients. Although at the time of diagnosis the mean potassium values were lower and mean aldosterone levels were higher in patients with an adenoma, as compared to those with bilateral hyperplasia, these laboratory data did not allow us to differentiate between the two leading causes of primary aldosteronism in the individual patient due to pronounced overlap of laboratory values between the two groups. During the first few years, a successful differential diagnosis was made by adrenal phlebography and separate sampling of plasma aldosterone in both adrenal veins; later non-invasive imaging techniques such as computed tomography and radionuclide scanning were used. The best results were obtained in patients with adenoma who underwent adrenalectomy. Fifty-six percent of these patients were clinically and biochemically cured; 28% were improved and had normal blood pressure values during drug treatment. In contrast, patients with bilateral hyperplasia were treated pharmacologically, but only in half of the patients could normal blood pressure values be achieved. Two thirds of the male patients developed gynecomastia during spironolactone treatment. As expected, unilateral adrenalectomy was unsuccessful in the 7 patients with bilateral hyperplasia who underwent surgery. Our results confirm that surgical treatment of adrenal adenomas and drug treatment of bilateral hyperplasias are the appropriate therapy in primary aldosteronism. A differential diagnosis cannot be made on the basis of clinical and non-invasive laboratory data alone; imaging techniques have to be included in the diagnostic process. The long-term clinical outcome was more favorable in patients with an adrenal adenoma that can be removed surgically than in patients with idiopathic hyperplasia of both adrenal glands.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 944-950 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Low density lipoprotein ; Apo B ; Cholesterol ; Very low density lipoprotein ; Triglycerides ; Lipoprotein (a)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In recent years there have been many studies demonstrating a correlation between increased arterial blood pressure and altered lipid profiles, and there has been an especially positive correlation between high cholesterol levels and blood pressure. There are differences between the various reports that are important. In our study the lipid distribution in 105 hypertensive patients with mild or moderate arterial hypertension according to WHO criteria without clinically or ultrasonographically apparent atherosclerosis was compared to the lipid distribution in 65 age-matched healthy persons. On the epidemiological level a significant, positive association was found between LDL serum levels (P ≤ 0.001), Apo B serum levels (P ≤ 0.001), serum triglyceride levels (P ≤ 0.05) and VLDL serum levels (P ≤ 0.01) and arterial hypertension. However, in contrast to recent reports, no significant difference was found between total serum cholesterol levels in normotensives and hypertensives, and there was no difference in HDL serum levels. No evidence could be found for a significant increase in lipoprotein (a) serum levels in hypertensives.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renal artery stenosis ; Hypertension ; Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to evaluate the prevalence of renal artery stenoses and the coincidence with hypertension, in this study 110 patients (24 women, 86 men, mean age 63.2±8.6 years) underwent retrograde aortography for reason of symptomatic arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limb arteries. In 18 (16.4%) patients renal artery stenoses by which the lumen was narrowed for more than 30% and in 2 (1.8%) patients occlusions of one renal artery were found, all of which seemed to be of arteriosclerotic origin. 12 (60%) patients with renal artery stenoses or occlusions showed arterial hypertension (RR 171±33/94±16 mmHg) inspite of adequate antihypertensive medication, 8 were normotensive even though renal artery stenoses were found angiographically. On the other hand 30 (33%) of the 90 patients without renal artery stenoses were hypertensive (RR 165±15/93±9 mmHg). These data support the observation that renal artery stenoses must not result in hypertension, but clearly indicate the higher prevalence of hypertension in patients with renal artery stenoses or occlusions. With regard to the low-risk procedure of percutaneous transluminal dilatation of renal arteries, it seems to be valuable for hypertensive patients to include renovasography into the angiographic evaluation of symptomatic lower limb arteriosclerosis.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 762-764 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Phlebotomy ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 15 essential hypertensives resistant against a standard triple combination of antihypertensive drugs phlebotomy was performed. Mean arterial pressure was lowered from 140.1±12.2 mm Hg to 123.8±14.9 mm Hg after 14 days. No serious side effects were observed. The duration of the hypoptensive effect of phlebotomy was about 4 weeks. Phlebotomy can be used in addition to drug treatment in resistant essential hypertension.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nitrendipine ; Bisoprolol ; Hypertension ; self-measured blood pressure ; diurnal variation ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a single morning dose of either 10 mg bisoprolol (n=26) or 20 mg nitrendipine (n=27) were investigated. Blood pressure was measured by three techniques: (1) Casual blood pressure 24 h after the dose; (2) ambulatory 24-h whole-day monitoring; and (3) self-recorded blood pressure in the morning 24 h after the dose (6–8 a.m.) and in the evening (6–8 p.m.). After 4 weeks of therapy bisoprolol had produced a highly significant reduction in blood pressure as assessed by casual, ambulatory day- and night-time monitoring, and self-measured morning and evening readings. Bisoprolol was significantly more effective than nitrendipine, which did not induce a significant reduction in the ambulatory night-time recordings. Whole-day ambulatory blood pressure profiles showed an antihypertensive effect of bisoprolol throughout the entire 24-h period. 24-h blood pressure curves after nitrendipine demonstrated a markedly shorter duration of action, with no reduction in early morning blood pressure. Adverse effects and tolerability of the two drugs were comparable. The average changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after bisoprolol and nitrendipine in 2-h periods of ambulatory monitoring (6–8 a.m. and 6–8 p.m.) and self-measured blood pressure (6–8 a.m. and 6–8 p.m.) showed a good agreement between ambulatory and self-measured blood pressure determinations with no significant difference between the methods. The results show that 24 h antihypertensive efficacy was more pronounced for bisoprolol than for nitrendipine at the doses studied. Further, self-measured blood pressures at home were suitable for accurate estimation of the 12-h and 24-h antihypertensive efficacy of the two drugs. The methodological findings of this study have important implications for further pharmacological trials investigating the duration of action of antihypertensive drugs.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Akute β-Rezeptorenblockade ; Hypertension ; Renin ; Aldosteron ; Tag-Nacht-Rhythmus ; Acute β-receptor blockade ; Hypertension ; Renin ; Aldosterone ; Day-night rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of acute (intravenous) β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol or pindolol on arterial pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma concentration of aldosterone (PA) was evaluated in 20 essential hypertensive men. BP, PRA and PA were determined during continuous recumbency overnight (8 p.m. to 6 a.m.) every 30 min. Two groups of patients were observed. Patients of group I exhibited a characteristic day-night rhythm of PRA with low values before midnight and large increases early in the morning. Conversely, no rhythm and very low PRA values were observed in patients of group II. BP was higher in group II than in group I. In group I following intravenous propranolol or pindolol, BP fell within minutes and levels as well as rhythms of PRA were converted to those of group II without treatment. In group II day-night profiles of PRA and BP remained unchanged. Rhythm and concentration of PA in the two groups were not influenced by either drug. In 4 patients of group I infusion of angiotensin II inhibitor did not lower BP. The observations suggest that in the two groups dissimilarities in rhythms of PRA as well as in BP responses to β-blockade may reflect differences in neuro-adrenergic tone.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß einer akuten (intravenösen) β-Rezeptorenblockade mit Propranolol oder Pindololauf den Blutdruck (RR), die Plasma-Reninaktivität (PRA) und die Plasma-Aldosteronkonzentration (PA) wurde bei 20 Männern mit essentieller Hypertension untersucht. RR, PRA und PA wurden am liegenden Patienten nachts (20.00–6.00 Uhr) alle 30 min bestimmt. Zwei Gruppen von Patienten konnten unterschieden werden: Patienten der Gruppe I wiesen einen charakteristischen Tag-Nacht-Rhythmus in der Plasma-Reninaktivität auf, mit niedrigen Werten vor Mitternacht und hohen Werten am frühen Morgen. Im Gegensatz hierzu hatten die Patienten der Gruppe II sehr niedrige PRA-Werte; ein Rhythmus für PRA ließ sich nicht nachweisen. RR war höher in der Gruppe II als in Gruppe I. Nach Infusion von Propranolol oder Pindolol kam es in der Gruppe I zu einem schnellen RR-Abfall. Das Verhalten des Tag-Nacht-Profils für PRA war nach der β-Blockade vergleichbar mit demjenigen der Gruppe II vor der β-Blockade. In der Gruppe II blieben RR und Tag-Nacht-Profil von PRA unter β-Blockade unverändert. Rhythmus und Konzentration von PA wurden in beiden Gruppen nicht beeinflußt. Bei 4 Patienten der Gruppe I führte Angiotensin II-Blockade zu keiner RR-Senkung. Die Ergebnisse sind mit der Annahme vereinbar, daß die Unterschiede im Renin-Rhythmus und im Blutdruckverhalten nach akuter β-Rezeptorenblockade durch eine unterschiedliche neuroadrenerge Aktivität der beiden Gruppen bedingt sind.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; cortisol ; sodium ; potassium ; hemodialysis ; Aldosteron ; Cortisol ; Natrium ; Kalium ; Hämodialyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Plasmaaldosteron, Plasmacortisol und die Serumkonzentrationen von Kalium und Natrium wurden bei 5 nierenlosen Patienten vor und in kurzen Zeitabständen bis zu 180 min nach Beendigung der Hämodialyse gemessen. Unter Hämodialyse stieg das Plasmaaldosteron bei 4 der 5 Patienten an, während bei allen Patienten Cortisol, Kalium und Natrium abfielen. Nur bei einem Patienten ließ sich unter Hämodialyse ein Abfall des Aldosterons nachweisen. Nach Beendigung der Hämodialyse kam es über den untersuchten Zeitraum bei 3 der 5 Patienten zu cinem fast kontinuierlichen Abfall des Plasmaaldosterons, während die beiden anderen Patienten Sekretionsepisoden des Aldosterons mit spontanen Anstiegen und anschließendem Abfall der Hormonkonzentration zeigten. Bei allen Patienten stieg nach Hämodialyse das Serumkalium rasch wieder an, während nur geringgradige Veränderungen des Serumnatriums nachweisbar waren. Plasmacortisol zeigte während der Beobachtungsperiode typische tageszeitliche Schwankungen. Wir nehmen an, daß ein noch unbekannter Faktor für den Anstieg des Plasmaaldosterons unter Hämodialyse verantwortlich ist. Einiges spricht dafür, daß über den nach Hämodialyse beobachteten Zeitraum die intracelluläre Kaliumkonzentration und nicht das Serumkalium die Aldosteronsekretion beeinflußt. Dies würde den bei 3 der 5 Patienten scheinbar paradoxen Abfall des Aldosterons bei steigendem Serumkalium erklären.
    Notes: Summary Plasma aldosterone, plasma cortisol and the serum concentrations of sodium and potassium were determined in 5 anephric patients before and at short time intervals up to 180 minutes after hemodialysis. Plasma aldosterone increased in 4 of 5 patients during hemodialysis while in all patients plasma cortisol, sodium and potassium decreased. Only one patient showed a fall in aldosterone during hemodialysis. After hemodialysis plasma aldosterone gradually decreased over a period of 3 hours in 3 of 5 patients, whereas the remaining two patients showed typical secretory episodes of aldosterone. In each patient serum potassium rapidly increased while serum sodium showed only minor variations. Plasma cortisol followed the normal circadian rhythm. We suggest that a still unknown factor had caused the observed increases in plasma aldosterone during hemodialysis. There are reasons to believe that over the period observed after hemodialysis the intracellular potassium concentration and not serum potassium levels has influenced adrenal aldosterone release. This would explain the paradoxical decrease in plasma aldosterone in 3 of the 5 patients while serum potassium increased.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aldosteron ; Renin ; Cortisol ; Diabetes mellitus ; Hypoaldosteronismus ; Hyperkaliämie ; Aldosterone ; Renin ; Cortisol ; Diabetes ; Hypoaldosteronism ; Hyperkalemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In three patients with diabetes and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism changes in renin activity, plasma aldosterone and cortisol were examined under various conditions: orthostasis and intravenous furosemide, infusion of synthetic β1–24 ACTH on two consecutive days and diurnal variations in basal hormone fluctuations. Each patient showed unmeasurably low renin activity unresponsive to orthostasis and intravenous furosemide while plasma aldosterone was below normal range. Under ACTH-infusion only marked increases in aldosterone were observed in one patient whereas cortisol responded normally in all diabetics tested. Analysis of diurnal night day fluctuations (20.00–8.00) in plasma aldosterone and cortisol revealed a close and statistically significant relationship between both hormones in each of the three patients (p〈0.05–〈0.001). Variations in plasma aldosterone thus were mediated through changes in endogenous pituitary ACTH. Compared with normal controls however, diurnal aldosterone curves were set at a lower level. Our results demonstrate that a reduced sensitivity of the adrenal gland to ACTH is not responsible for the observed subnormal plasma aldosterone levels in these patients. Therefore, the lack of circulating angiotensin II seems to be the causative reason of hypoaldosteronism. The exact mechanism of undetectable renin activity in these patients remains unknown.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei drei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und hyporeninämischem Hypoaldosteronismus wurden Veränderungen der Plasmareninaktivität, des Plasmaaldosteron- und Plasmacortisolspiegels unter folgenden Bedingungen geprüft: Orthostase und intravenöse Furosemidapplikation, Infusion von synthetischem β1–24 ACTH an zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen, Tag-Nacht-Rhythmus der basalen Hormonplasmaspiegel. Alle Patienten zeigten eine nicht meßbare und durch Orthostase und Furosemid nicht stimulierbare Reninaktivität. Gleichzeitig wurden subnormale Aldosteronplasmakonzentrationen gemessen. Unter ACTH-Infusion zeigte nur ein Patient einen deutlichen Anstieg des Plasmaaldosterons, während das Plasmacortisol in allen drei Fällen normal stimulierbar war. Die statistische Analyse der Tag-Nacht-Schwankungen von Plasmaaldosteron und Plasmacortisol zeigte in jedem der Fälle eine enge und statistisch signifikante Beziehung zwischen beiden Hormonen (p〈0,05–〈0,001). Es ist somit anzunehmen, daß Schwankungen des Plasmaaldosterons durch Veränderungen der hypophysären ACTH-Ausschüttung verursacht wurden. Jedoch war im Vergleich zu Normalpersonen die Rhythmik des basalen Plasmaaldosterons auf einem tieferen Niveau eingestellt. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß bei diesen Patienten nicht eine verminderte Sensitivität der Nebennierenrinde auf ACTH für die beobachteten subnormalen Aldosteronspiegel verantwortlich ist. Ursache für den Hypoaldosteronismus scheint somit der Mangel an zirkulierendem Angiotensin II zu sein. Der genaue Mechanismus der nicht meßbaren Reninaktivität bei diesem Patienten bleibt unbekannt.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 73 (1961), S. 612-615 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird eine Methode des fraktionierten Kristallisierens und Schmelzens beschrieben, die wie die Kolonnendestillation ein echtes Gegenstromverfahren darstellt. Das neue Trennverfahren kann zur Reinigung von unzersetzt schmelzbaren, kristallisierenden Verbindungen und zur Trennung von Mischkristallsystemen dienen. Verglichen mit dem Zonenschmelzen führt es sehr viel schneller zu reinen Substanzen, wie Versuche mit Stearylalkohol, Cetylalkohol und 2.4-Dinitrotoluol ergaben.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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