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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 53 (1983), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Children ; Ethnic origin ; Hair ; Nutrition ; Trace element
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study of trace element levels in hair was performed on 183 eight-year-old schoolchildren living in Bijlmermeer, a suburb of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Microlevel-elements, such as Au, Co, Ag, Se and Cd, and macrolevel-elements, such as Pb, Cu, Fe and Zn, were analyzed using the NAA and AAS methods. The total group of children was divided into subgroups, according to ethnic origins: Caucasian boys and girls, Hindustani children and a Surinamese rest group. The relation between element levels in hair and nutritional status, anthropometric and haematological variables were studied. Most levels corresponded reasonably with literature data. The iron in hair may be positively related to daily dietary intake of iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 265-273 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Biological monitoring ; Age ; Smoking habits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biological assessment of occupational exposure to cadmium in five different factories with low-level second degree usage of Cd-compounds has been carried out. In 124 exposed and control male workers the following measurements were performed: cadmium in blood (CdB) and urine (CdU), B2-microglobulin (B2M), creatinin in urine (Great), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht). Analysis of 34 pairs of workers matched according to age, smoking habits, ethnic origin and factory, established a significant difference only in CdU, the geometric means being 0.67 μg/g Creat in the exposed group and 0.48 μg/g Creat in the control group. Significant correlation was found between CdU x age and CdB x smoking habits. Multiple regression analysis showed that for each year increase in age CdU increased 3%, for each percent increase of CdB CdU increased 0.28%; for each cigarette smoked per day CdB increased 1.6%. It is concluded that in this type of work the low external cadmium exposure does not express itself in different CdB-levels, but only in different CdU-levels, indicating an increased body burden due to long term low level occupational cadmium exposure. In biological assessment of exposure to Cd, it is essential to take age and smoking habits fully into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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