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  • Morphometry  (3)
  • Adrenal zona glomerulosa  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro effects of puromycin aminonucleoside on the ultrastructure of rat glomerular podocytes (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 555-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Podocytes ; Puromycin aminonucleoside ; Tissue culture ; Morphometry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis in rats provides a model for studying the pathogenesis of severe proteinuric conditions, such as minimal change disease. The present study used scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to investigate the in vitro effects of PAN on rat glomerular podocytes. Slices of rat kidney were incubated for up to 3 days in Medium 199 with Hanks' salts (control) or in medium with PAN. Semiquantitative SEM analysis of glomeruli on the upper surface of kidney slices indicated that incubation with PAN (100 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml) decreased the number of microvilli on podocyte cell bodies (days 1, 2 and 3), increased the number of glomeruli showing flattening of podocyte cell bodies and major processes (days 2 and 3), and increased the number of glomeruli showing surface membrane blebbing on podocyte foot processes (day 3) (p〈0.001 in all cases). TEM morphometry revealed that incubation with 500 μg/ml PAN retarded significantly (p〈0.001 at days 2 and 3) the loss of podocyte foot processes observed in control cultures. Whilst the SEM changes to podocyte ultrastructure largely mimic those seen in PAN nephrosis in vivo, the retardation of foot process loss runs counter to the major TEM change observed in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297236
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total numbers of glomeruli and individual glomerular cell types in the normal rat kidney (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Stereology ; Morphometry ; Disector ; Quantitative methods, structural ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations in numbers of glomeruli and glomerular cells occur in various renal disorders. Although values for these parameters have previously been reported for several species, the estimates have often been biased due to assumptions regarding glomerular and/or nuclear size and shape. Other studies have used tedious serial-section reconstruction methods. In the present study, unbiased stereological methods were used to estimate total numbers of glomeruli and individual glomerular cell types in normal rats. The kidneys of seven adult Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer and embedded in either glycolmethacrylate (for light microscopy, LM) or Epon/Araldite (for transmission electron microscopy, TEM). Total glomerular number was estimated using an LM physical disector/fractionator combination; the total number of cells per average glomerulus was estimated using an LM optical disector/ Cavalieri combination; and TEM physical disectors were used to count individual cell types. The normal rat kidney was found to contain 31764±3667 (mean±SD) glomeruli. An average glomerulus contained 674±129 cells, of which 181±53 were epithelial cells (podocytes), 248±53 were endothelial cells, and 245±45 were mesangial cells. An average renal corpuscle contained 117±27 parietal epithelial cells. Following sectioning and staining, less than 6.5 h was needed to obtain the above estimates for a single animal, with coefficients of variation (SD as a percent of the mean) ranging from 10% to 25%. The unbiased stereological methods used in the present study constitute an unbiased, precise and cost-efficient set of quantitative tools for assessing glomerular morphology in health and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381877
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular podocytes in cultured rat kidney slices (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 419-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Podocytes ; Tissue culture ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of rat glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) in kidney slices in vitro was examined using qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy. The kidney slices were cultured in Medium 199 with Hanks' salts in a 5% CO2/95% O2 environment for up to 14 days. Few changes in podocyte ultrastructure occurred in the first 12 h of culture, but by 24 h cell bodies were rounded, microvilli were present on all podocyte surfaces, and some foot processes had been replaced by flattened expanses of cytoplasm. These changes were more pronounced by 3 days, when some podocytes had developed pseudopodal extensions and appeared to be migrating from glomeruli onto the slice surface. Podocytes could still be identified after 8, 10 and 14 days of culture, although relatively few glomeruli remained at 14 days. Morphometric methods were used to analyse podocyte shape, volume and surface area during the first 4 days of culture. The most significant change involved loss of foot processes: the number of filtration slits per 100 μm of basement membrane decreased from 211.8 ± 15.0 (mean ± SD) at the commencement of culture, to 55.3 ± 22.6 after 2 days (P 〈 0.001). These data provide baseline information for in vitro studies on the effects of nephrotoxins on podocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218900
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural studies of the adrenal zona glomerulosa and renal juxtaglomerular apparatus in pregnant sheep (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Ultrastructure ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural changes in the adrenal zona glomerulosa and renal juxtaglomerular apparatus have been examined during normal pregnancy in sheep. As pregnancy progressed, increasing numbers of cells in the adrenal zona glomerulosa displayed mitochondria with straight tubular “rod-like” structures replacing their normal lamelliform cristae; groups of cells showing these mitochondrial changes were predominantly located in the middle and superficial regions of the zona glomerulosa, but at all stages remained interspersed with cells with apparently normal mitochondria. In the same animals, the renal juxtaglomerular index was raised, reflecting an increase in renin storage, and juxtaglomerular myoepithelioid cells showed increased numbers of cytoplasmic granules, but no apparent increase in granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi profiles; there were no distinguishing morphological changes in juxtaglomerular peripolar cells. These findings provide morphologic evidence of stimulation of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in association with increased juxtaglomerular renin storage during pregnancy. The mitochondrial changes observed in an increasing proportion of cells in the zona glomerulosa closely resemble those seen in sodium-depleted animals, and may reflect the altered steroidogenic capacity of the adrenal gland in pregnant sheep. The finding of groups of cells displaying altered mitochondria lying next to cells with normal mitochondria suggests the presence of cells with different sensitivities to stimuli for aldosterone production or may indicate the presence of different cell types in the zona glomerulosa responding to different stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222382
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and functional studies of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in sodium-depleted and sodium-loaded sheep (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 515-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Ultrastructure ; Sodium depletion ; Sodium loading ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of alterations in sodium status upon the morphology of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in sheep have been examined qualitatively and quantitatively, using lightand electron microscopy, and correlated with functionally related biochemical data. With severe sodium depletion induced by parotid-cannula drainage, there was mitotic activity throughout the zona glomerulosa, and glandular cells showed striking ultrastructural changes. These changes particularly affected mitochondria, which were enlarged, rounded and showed replacement of their normal lamelliform cristae by thin elongated cristal elements and bundles of tubular “rod-like” structures. Quantitative morphometric studies showed an increase in the volumes of zona glomerulosa cells, nuclei, mitochondria, smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi profiles. In contrast, with dietary sodium loading, zona glomerulosa cells appeared shrunken and showed cytoplasmic lipid accumulation; mitochondria and other organelles were not significantly altered. The correlation of the ultrastructural cytological alterations in zona glomerulosa cells in sodium-depleted sheep with raised blood aldosterone levels suggests that such morphologic changes reflect a heightened capacity of these cells for aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion. These changes may also account for the increased sensitivity of the zona glomerulosa to aldosterone-producing stimuli during sodium deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207695
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