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  • interleukin-2  (3)
  • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)  (2)
  • Bcl-2  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapy of recurrent high grade gliomas with surgery, and autologous mitogen activated IL-2 stimulated killer (MAK) Lymphocytes: I. Enhancement of MAK lytic activity and cytokine production by PHA and clinical use of PHA (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 15 (1993), S. 141-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: phytohemagglutinin ; glioma ; interleukin-2 ; lymphokine activated killer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nineteen patients with recurrent high grade gliomas were treated in a phase I/II trial with aggressive debulking of the tumor, mitogen activated IL-2 stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (MAK cells), and rIL-2. Phytohemagglutin (PHA) was introduced into the tumor site in 16 patients prior to implanting MAK cells and IL-2 in an attempt to trigger more effective lysis of the tumorin vivo. In vitro both TNF bioactivity and cytolytic activity of long term cultured MAK (LMAK) cells were dramatically enhanced by adding PHA to the cultures of these activated PBL. Three of eleven patients (27%) had a decrease in size of the enhancing lesion on CT and/or MRI. Seven (37%) patients clinically improved. Median survival after therapy was 30 weeks. PHA was shown to be safein vivo and more effective than IL-2 triggering enhanced effector functionin vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053935
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man: XV. Cellular and molecular basis of deficient autologous mixed lymphocyte response in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 4 (1984), S. 424-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; autologous mixed lymphocyte response ; interleukin-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The autologous mixed lymphocyte response (AMLR) and the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response were deficient in a subset of patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Using a single set of HLA-identical twins, the cellular and molecular basis of deficient AMLR was investigated and appears to be due to a defect in both responder T cells and stimulator non-T cells. Interleukin-2 production was diminished in the patient but not in the healthy twin. Thein vitro addition of purified interleukin-2 enhanced the depressed AMLR in the diseased twin. This suggests that the deficient AMLR in IDDM may be in part due to a deficiency in the production of interleukin-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00916571
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 6 (1986), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; vaccine ; antiviral agents ; immunomodulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) are sequelae of immune system injury initiated by a novel human retrovirus [human T-lymphotrophic virus strain III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV III/LAV)]. The resulting spectrum of immune deficiency sets the stage for opportunistic infection and malignancy. In this review, we consider progress made in the treatment and prevention of AIDS and HTLV III/LAV infection. Immunomodulator and antiviral approaches are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00918698
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia Syndrome: Increased Apoptosis of T Lymphocytes Is Associated with Altered Expression of Fas (CD95), FasL (CD95L), IAP, Bax, and Bcl2 (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 19 (1999), S. 428-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia ; T cell subsets ; cytokines ; Fas ; FasL ; Bcl-2 ; Bax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare autosomal recessive short-limbed dwarfism associated with thin and sparse hair and cell mediated or combined immunodeficiency. However, the basis of immune deficiency in CHH is unclear. In this study, we investigated a role of apoptosis in immunodeficiency in a patient with CHH. An increased apoptosis of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as determined by TUNEL assay, was observed in CHH compared to an age-matched healthy dwarf control. Increased apoptosis in CHH was associated with increased expression of Fas (CD95), CD95L, and Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) compared to the control. These data suggest that lymphopenia and immunodeficiency in CHH may be, at least in part, due to increased apoptosis of T cells, possibly through the Fas/ FasL signaling pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020563018864
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis) in Cord Blood Lymphocytes (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 17 (1997), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Cord blood ; apoptosis ; Fas ; Bcl-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cord blood lymphocytes are functionally immature and have deficient immune responses. In order to determine whether the process of programmed cell death is distinct between cord blood and peripheral blood lymphocytes, we analyzed the expression of fas and bax (apoptosis promoting genes) and bcl-2 and bcl-x L (apoptosis inhibiting genes) at protein or mRNA levels using flow cytometry and quantitative PCR methods, respectively. The susceptibility of T cell subsets from cord blood and adult peripheral blood to undergo apoptosis following restimulation with anti-CD3 or anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies was also studied. We observed that cord blood T cell subsets expressed lower levels of Fas and Bcl-2, a low bcl-2/bax ratio, and higher bcl-x L compared to peripheral blood. Additionally, upon primary stimulation with anti-CD3, cord blood T cell subsets were more resistant to apoptosis compared to peripheral blood. In contrast, rechallenge of previously stimulated lymphocytes with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody triggered apoptosis in a larger proportion of T cells from cord blood as compared to peripheral blood, whereas the number of T cells undergoing anti-Fas-induced programmed cell death were lower in cord blood compared to peripheral blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027340529644
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormality of Leu 2+7+ cells in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-related complex, and asymptomatic homosexuals (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 6 (1986), S. 502-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; AIDS-related complex (ARC) ; natural killing ; immune functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC), asymptomatic homosexuals, and healthy heterosexuals were analyzed for the proportions and numbers of Leu 7+ cells and double-labeled Leu 2+7+ cells and for the natural killer functions. A significant increase in the proportions and numbers of Leu 7+ cells was observed in patients with AIDS and ARC and in asymptomatic homosexuals compared to healthy heterosexual men. The proportions of Leu 2+7+ cells were significantly increased in AIDS, ARC, and asymptomatic homosexuals, whereas the numbers were increased in asymptomatic homosexuals and ARC but not in AIDS compared to heterosexual controls. A significant increase in the number of Leu 2+7+ cells was observed in AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma but not in AIDS with opportunistic infections. The natural killer function was significantly depressed in patients with AIDS and ARC and in asymptomatic homosexuals. These data suggest that the quantitative abnormalities of Leu 2+7+ cells appear early during the evolution of immunologic changes in HTLV III/LAV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915256
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    12-deoxyphorbol-13-O-phenylacetate 20 acetate [an agonist of protein kinase Cβ1 (PKCβ1)] induces DNA synthesis, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, IL-2 receptor α-chain (CD25) and β-chain (CD122) expression, and translocation of PKCβ isozyme in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: Evidence for a role of PKCβ1 in human T cell activation (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 14 (1994), S. 248-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Protein kinase C isozymes ; T cell activation ; B cell activation ; interleukin-2 ; interleukin-2 receptors ; CD4+ T cells ; CD8+ T cells ; phorbol esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine a role of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in lymphocyte activation, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated with 12-deoxyphorbol-13-O-phenylacetate (dPP; an agonist of both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent PKC isozymes), thymeleatoxin (TX; an activator of calcium-dependent PKCα, β, and γ), and 12-deoxyphorbol-13-O-phenylacetate 20 acetate (dPPA; an activator of PKCβ1 isozyme) and examined for DNA synthesis, lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, expression of IL-2 receptor α and β chains on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD20+ B lymphocytes, and translocation of PKCβ isozyme from cytosol to membrane fraction. The results show that dPPA activates lymphocytes by inducing the above changes in a manner analogous to that of dPP, TX, and phorbol myristate acetate. These data suggest that PKCβ1 is involved in the activation of human peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01552311
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