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  • morphology  (3)
  • Accipitridae  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-09-16
    Description: Infrageneric relations of the genetically diverse milkcap genus Lactifluus (Russulales, Basidiomycota) are poorly known. Currently used classification systems still largely reflect the traditional, mainly morphological, characters used for infrageneric delimitations of milkcaps. Increased sampling, combined with small-scale molecular studies, show that this genus is underexplored and in need of revision. For this study, we assembled an extensive dataset of the genus Lactifluus, comprising 80 % of all known species and 30 % of the type collections. To unravel the infrageneric relationships within this genus, we combined a multi-gene molecular phylogeny, based on nuclear ITS, LSU, RPB2 and RPB1, with a morphological study, focussing on five important characteristics (fruit body type, presence of a secondary velum, colour reaction of the latex/context, pileipellis type and presence of true cystidia). Lactifluus comprises four supported subgenera, each containing several supported clades. With extensive sampling, ten new clades and at least 17 new species were discovered, which highlight the high diversity in this genus. The traditional infrageneric classification is only partly maintained and nomenclatural changes are proposed. Our morphological study shows that the five featured characteristics are important at different evolutionary levels, but further characteristics need to be studied to find morphological support for each clade. This study paves the way for a more detailed investigation of biogeographical history and character evolution within Lactifluus.
    Keywords: milkcaps ; molecular evolution ; morphology ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Six new sequestrate Lactarius species are described from tropical forests in South East Asia. Extensive macro- and microscopical descriptions and illustrations of the main anatomical features are provided. Similarities with other sequestrate Russulales and their phylogenetic relationships are discussed. The placement of the species within Lactarius and its subgenera is confirmed by a molecular phylogeny based on ITS, LSU and rpb2 markers.\nA species key of the new taxa, including five other known angiocarpous species from South East Asia reported to exude milk, is given. The diversity of angiocarpous fungi in tropical areas is considered underestimated and driving evolutionary forces towards gasteromycetization are probably more diverse than generally assumed. The discovery of a large diversity of angiocarpous milkcaps on a rather local tropical scale was unexpected, and especially the fact that in Sri Lanka more angiocarpous than agaricoid Lactarius species are known now.
    Keywords: Arcangeliella ; gasteroid fungi ; hypogeous fungi ; Lactarius ; Martellia ; morphology ; phylogeny ; Zelleromyces
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Infrageneric relations of the genetically diverse milkcap genus Lactifluus (Russulales, Basidiomycota) are poorly known. Currently used classification systems still largely reflect the traditional, mainly morphological, characters used for infrageneric delimitations of milkcaps. Increased sampling, combined with small-scale molecular studies, show that this genus is underexplored and in need of revision. For this study, we assembled an extensive dataset of the genus Lactifluus, comprising 80 % of all known species and 30 % of the type collections. To unravel the infrageneric relationships within this genus, we combined a multi-gene molecular phylogeny, based on nuclear ITS, LSU, RPB2 and RPB1, with a morphological study, focussing on five important characteristics (fruit body type, presence of a secondary velum, colour reaction of the latex/context, pileipellis type and presence of true cystidia). Lactifluus comprises four supported subgenera, each containing several supported clades. With extensive sampling, ten new clades and at least 17 new species were discovered, which highlight the high diversity in this genus. The traditional infrageneric classification is only partly maintained and nomenclatural changes are proposed. Our morphological study shows that the five featured characteristics are important at different evolutionary levels, but further characteristics need to be studied to find morphological support for each clade. This study paves the way for a more detailed investigation of biogeographical history and character evolution within Lactifluus.
    Keywords: milkcaps ; molecular evolution ; morphology ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: pesticides ; DDE ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; Accipitridae ; Germany
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Insgesamt wurden 60 Resteier des Rotmilans in drei Untersuchungsgebieten im südlichen Teil des Bundeslandes Sachsen-Anhalt zwischen 1987–1993 gesammelt und auf elf persistente Chlorkohlenwasserstoff-Verbindungen und Quecksilber sowie z. T. auf radioaktive Nuklide untersucht: 1. Die Eiproben waren hauptsächlich mit p,p'-DDE, PCB 138, 153 und 180 sowie Hg belastet, jedoch auf einem für die Reproduktion unbedenklichem Niveau. 2. Proben aus Industrie- und Großstadtnähe waren signifikant höher mit den Industrieabprodukten HCB, β-HCH und höherchlorierten PCBs kontaminiert. Proben aus landwirtschaftlich intensiv genutzten Gebieten enthielten mehr p,p'-DDT. p,p'-DDE, Hg und γ-HCH zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede in ihrer räumlichen Verteilung. 3. Da die Spitzenwerte der einzelnen Verbindungen in verschiedenen Jahren auftreten, sind die Trends unterschiedlich und zeigen Abnahmen über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum hinweg (PCB 52), Abnahmen erst ab 1990/91 (HCB, β- und γ-HCH, Hg) bzw. Anstiege nach vorangegangenem Kontaminationsrückgang (höherchlorierte PCB, p,p'-DDE). Mögliche Ursachen werden diskutiert. 4. Die Untersuchung von vier Eiinhalten von 1988 auf radioaktive Nuklide (Cäsium-Isotope) verlief negativ.
    Notes: Summary Sixty infertile Red Kite eggs were collected in three regions in the southern part of the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. Their contents were tested for eleven chlorinated hydrocarbons, mercury and partly for radionuclids (radiocesium): 1. The egg samples on average contained p,p'-DDE, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180 and Hg in low concentrations. 2. The samples from an industrial and urban region contained significantly more HCB, β-HCH and high chlorinated PCBs. The contamination of p,p'-DDT was on a higher level in eggs from farmed areas. 3. The trends of the chemicals were different between 1987 and 1993. PCB 52 shows a significant decrease in this time and HCB, β- und γ-HCH, Hg only since 1990/91. p,p'-DDE, PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB 180 increased up to 1992, after contamination decreased. Possible reasons are discussed. 4. The contents of four eggs from 1988 did not include radiocesium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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