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  • Bathymetry  (2)
  • Radiogenic isotopes  (2)
  • 64-474A; 64-475B; 64-477; 64-477A; 64-478; 64-481A; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Calcium oxide/Aluminium oxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Electron microprobe (EMP); Elevation of event; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, FeO; Latitude of event; Leg64; Lithologic unit/sequence; Longitude of event; Loss on ignition; Magnesium number; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; North Pacific/Gulf of California/BASIN; North Pacific/Gulf of California/CHANNEL; North Pacific/Gulf of California/SLOPE; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Total  (1)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    (Table 2) Selected major-element compositions of basalts used in fractionation calculations at DSDP Holes 64-475B and 64-477
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 64-474A; 64-475B; 64-477; 64-477A; 64-478; 64-481A; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Calcium oxide/Aluminium oxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Electron microprobe (EMP); Elevation of event; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, FeO; Latitude of event; Leg64; Lithologic unit/sequence; Longitude of event; Loss on ignition; Magnesium number; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; North Pacific/Gulf of California/BASIN; North Pacific/Gulf of California/CHANNEL; North Pacific/Gulf of California/SLOPE; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; Total
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 572 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Unknown
    Submarine deep‐water lava flows at the base of the western Galápagos Platform (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 19 (2018): 3945–3961, doi:10.1029/2018GC007632.
    Description: To investigate the initial phases of magmatism at the leading edge of the upwelling mantle plume, we mapped, photographed, and collected samples from two long, deep‐water lava flows located at the western base of the Galápagos Platform using the remotely operated vehicle Hercules. Lavas were recovered from four areas on the seafloor west of Fernandina volcano, including the western flow fronts of two deep‐water flows, heavily sedimented terrain between the two flows, and the eastern, shallower end of one flow. The sediment cover and morphologies are distinct between the western flow fronts and the eastern region based on seafloor imagery, suggesting that the long lava flows are not a single eruptive unit. Major and trace element concentrations reveal both tholeiitic and alkalic compositions and support the interpretation that multiple eruptive units comprise the deep‐water flows. Alkalic lavas have higher [La/Sm]N ratios (2.05–2.12) and total alkali contents (5.18–5.40) compared to tholeiitic lavas, which have [La/Sm]N ratios ranging from 1.64 to 1.68 and total alkali contents ranging from 3.07 to 4.08 wt%. Radiogenic isotope ratios are relatively homogeneous, suggesting a similar mantle source. We use petrologic models to assess three alternative mechanisms for the formation of the alkalic magmas: (1) high‐pressure crystallization of clinopyroxene, (2) mixing of high silica and mafic magmas, and (3) variable extents of melting of the same mantle source. Our modeling indicates that the alkalic samples form from lower extents of melting compared to the tholeiitic lavas and suggests that the deep‐water alkalic lavas are analogous to the initial, preshield building phase observed south of Hawaii and at the base of Loihi Seamount.
    Description: Dalio Explorer Fund; National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant Number: OCE‐1634952
    Description: 2019-04-25
    Keywords: Submarine volcanism ; Galápagos ; Alkalic magmatism ; Mantle plume ; Mantle melting ; Radiogenic isotopes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Submarine radial vents on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai`i (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 7 (2006): Q05001, doi:10.1029/2005GC001086.
    Description: A 2002 multibeam sonar survey of Mauna Loa’s western flank revealed ten submarine radial vents and three submarine lava flows. Only one submarine radial vent was known previously. The ages of these vents are constrained by eyewitness accounts, geologic relationships, Mn-Fe coatings, and geochemical stratigraphy; they range from 128 years B.P. to possibly 47 ka. Eight of the radial vents produced degassed lavas despite eruption in water depths sufficient to inhibit sulfur degassing. These vents formed truncated cones and short lava flows. Two vents produced undegassed lavas that created ‘‘irregular’’ cones and longer lava flows. Compositionally and isotopically, the submarine radial vent lavas are typical of Mauna Loa lavas, except two cones that erupted alkalic lavas. He-Sr isotopes for the radial vent lavas follow Mauna Loa’s evolutionary trend. The compositional and isotopic heterogeneity of these lavas indicates most had distinct parental magmas. Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter results, along with photography and sampling during four JASON2 dives, are used to produce a detailed geologic map to evaluate Mauna Loa’s submarine geologic history. The new map shows that the 1877 submarine eruption was much larger than previously thought, resulting in a 10% increase for recent volcanism. Furthermore, although alkalic lavas were found at two radial vents, there is no systematic increase in alkalinity among these or other Mauna Loa lavas as expected for a dying volcano. These results refute an interpretation that Mauna Loa’s volcanism is waning. The submarine radial vents and flows cover 29 km2 of seafloor and comprise a total volume of ~2 x 109 m3 of lava, reinforcing the idea that submarine lava eruptions are important in the growth of oceanic island volcanoes even after they emerged above sea level.
    Description: This project was funded by NSF grants OCE-97-29894 to M.G. and OCE-9818744 to J.M.R.
    Keywords: Hawaii ; Mauna Loa ; Submarine volcanism ; Radial vents ; Bathymetry ; Igneous petrology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: 10619596 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Navigational infrastructure at the East Pacific Rise 9°50′N area following the 2005–2006 eruption : seafloor benchmarks and near-bottom multibeam surveys (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 9 (2008):Q11T04, doi:10.1029/2008GC002070.
    Description: Four seafloor benchmarks were deployed with ROV Jason2 at frequently visited areas along the northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR) ridge crest near 9°50′N, within the Ridge2000 EPR integrated study site (ISS) bull's eye. When used in concert with established deep-ocean acoustic positioning techniques, these benchmarks provide navigational infrastructure to facilitate the integration of near-bottom data at this site by allowing efficient and quantitative coregistration of data and observations collected on multiple dives and over multiple cruises. High-resolution, near-bottom multibeam bathymetric surveys also were conducted along and across the ridge crest to provide a morphological and geological context for the benchmark areas. We describe the navigation and data processing techniques used to constrain the benchmark positions and outline operational details to effectively use benchmarks at this and other deep-ocean sites where multidisciplinary time series studies are conducted. The well-constrained positions of the benchmarks provide a consistent geospatial framework that can be used to limit navigational uncertainties during seafloor sampling and mapping programs and enable accurate spatial coregistration and integration of observations. These data are important to test a range of multidisciplinary hypotheses that seek to link geological, chemical, and biological processes associated with crustal accretion and energy transfer from the mantle to the hydrosphere at mid-ocean ridges.
    Keywords: Mid-ocean ridge ; Bathymetry ; Navigation ; Acoustic ; Hydrothermal vent
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005–2006 eruption at the East Pacific Rise, 9°46′N–9°56′N : implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 11 (2010): Q05T09, doi:10.1029/2009GC002977.
    Description: Detailed mapping, sampling, and geochemical analyses of lava flows erupted from an ∼18 km long section of the northern East Pacific Rise (EPR) from 9°46′N to 9°56′N during 2005–2006 provide unique data pertaining to the short-term thermochemical changes in a mid-ocean ridge magmatic system. The 2005–2006 lavas are typical normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt with strongly depleted incompatible trace element patterns with marked negative Sr and Eu/Eu* anomalies and are slightly more evolved than lavas erupted in 1991–1992 at the same location on the EPR. Spatial geochemical differences show that lavas from the northern and southern limits of the 2005–2006 eruption are more evolved than those erupted in the central portion of the fissure system. Similar spatial patterns observed in 1991–1992 lavas suggest geochemical gradients are preserved over decadal time scales. Products of northern axial and off-axis fissure eruptions are consistent with the eruption of cooler, more fractionated lavas that also record a parental melt component not observed in the main suite of 2005–2006 lavas. Radiogenic isotopic ratios for 2005–2006 lavas fall within larger isotopic fields defined for young axial lavas from 9°N to 10°N EPR, including those from the 1991–1992 eruption. Geochemical data from the 2005–2006 eruption are consistent with an invariable mantle source over the spatial extent of the eruption and petrogenetic processes (e.g., fractional crystallization and magma mixing) operating within the crystal mush zone and axial magma chamber (AMC) before and during the 13 year repose period. Geochemical modeling suggests that the 2005–2006 lavas represent differentiated residual liquids from the 1991–1992 eruption that were modified by melts added from deeper within the crust and that the eruption was not initiated by the injection of hotter, more primitive basalt directly into the AMC. Rather, the eruption was driven by AMC pressurization from persistent or episodic addition of more evolved magma from the crystal mush zone into the overlying subridge AMC during the period between the two eruptions. Heat balance calculations of a hydrothermally cooled AMC support this model and show that continual addition of melt from the mush zone was required to maintain a sizable AMC over this time interval.
    Description: This work has been supported by NSF grants OCE‐0525863 and OCE‐0732366 (D. J. Fornari and S. A. Soule), OCE‐0636469 (K. H. Rubin), and OCE‐ 0138088 (M. R. Perfit), as well as postdoctoral fellowship funds from the University of Florida.
    Keywords: Mid-ocean ridge basalt ; East Pacific Rise ; Eruption ; Trace elements ; Radiogenic isotopes ; Fractional crystallization
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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