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  • 04.08. Volcanology  (2)
  • Alps  (2)
  • 1
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    Holocene Critical Zone dynamics in an Alpine catchment inferred from a speleothem multiproxy record: disentangling climate and human influences (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: Disentangling the effects of climate and human impact on the long-term evolution of the Earth Critical Zone is crucial to understand the array of its potential responses to the ongoing Global Change. This task requires natural archives from which local information about soil and vegetation can be linked directly to climate parameters. Here we present a high-resolution, well-dated, speleothem multiproxy record from the SW Italian Alps, spanning the last ~10,000 years of the present interglacial (Holocene). We correlate magnetic properties and the carbon stable isotope ratio to soil stability and pedogenesis, whereas the oxygen isotope composition is interpreted as primarily related to precipitation amount, modulated at different timescales by changes in precipitation source and seasonality. During the 9.7-2.8 ka period, when anthropic pressure over the catchment was scarce, intervals of enhanced soil erosion are related to climate-driven vegetation contractions and occurred during drier periods. Immediately following the onset of the Iron Age (ca. 2.8 ka), by contrast, periods of enhanced soil erosion coincided with a wetter climate. We propose that the observed changes in the soil response to climate forcing were related to early anthropogenic manipulations of Earth's surface, which made the ECZ more sensitive to climate oscillations.
    Description: University of Pisa (Fondi di Ateneo assigned to ER and GZ)Australian Research Council Discovery Project scheme (grant number DP160102969, assigned to RND, JH, GZ and ER)the National Geographic Society (CP-073ER-17)
    Description: Published
    Description: id 17829
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: speleothem ; magnetism ; stable isotope geochemistry ; Earth Critical Zone ; Anthropocene ; Alps ; the effects of climate and human impact
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Interstadial conditions over the Southern Alps during the early penultimate glacial (MIS 6): a multiproxy record from Rio Martino Cave (Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: Identifying the hydrological and environmental response of the European Alpine region to different combinations of climate boundary conditions is crucial to advance the reliability of predictive climate models and thus shape climate adaptation policies that will impact millions of people in seven countries. Here we present a high-resolution multiproxy speleothem record (stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios, petrography and magnetic properties) from Rio Martino Cave (Piedmont, Southern Alps, Italy), which covers the first part of the Penultimate Glacial (early MIS 6, 182e157 ka). During early MIS 6, the combination of high climatic precession and obliquity amplified the peak in Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer insolation intensity at ca. 174 ka to almost interglacial levels, leading to northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the enhancement of the boreal monsoon system. At orbital scale, the hydroclimatic record from Rio Martino closely follows the precession pattern, and shows a wet interstadial phase between 180 and 170 ka, peaking at the precession minimum, characterized by glacial retreat and by the likely development of soils and vegetation up to 1900e2000 m a.s.l. in this alpine sector. This phase can be traced across the Southern Alps, and corresponds to pluvial conditions inferred from Western Mediterranean records, and to the interval of deposition of the cold Sapropel S6 in the eastern Mediterranean. We suggest that the interaction between an intensified northwesterly cold flow (relating to increased ice volume under glacial conditions), and the relatively warm waters of the NW Mediterranean (due to the peculiar atmospheric configuration occurring at the precession minimum) strongly enhanced the autumn cyclogenesis in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, fuelling intense precipitation to reach the Southern Alps. The Rio Martino record also shows a prominent sub-orbital variability, the overall structure of which is coherent with hemispheric changes in climate driven by cyclic perturbations of North Atlantic conditions related to the operation of the bipolar seesaw.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106856
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: speleothem ; Alps ; Penultimate glacial ; speleothems magnetic properties
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Quaternary off-rift volcanism along a section of the East African Rift System (EARS), from the south Ethiopia to the south Kenya (2022)
    SGI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-14
    Description: The magmatic-tectonic evolution of the EARS has been accompanied, since the initial stages of crustal deformation, by the formation of volcanic structures that formed outside of the main rift depression and are described with the general term of flank or off-rift volcanism. In this contribution, six Quaternary off-rift volcanic fields, from southern Ethiopia to southern Kenya are studied in terms of their map view shape, vent distribution and volcanic structures and constructions. They are, from the North one: Mega, Hurry Hills, Marsabit, Nyambeni Hills, Mount Kenya and Chyulu Hills. These six Quaternary off-rift volcanic fields formed far (〉 80 km) from the rift's main border faults and all have an elongated shape having their axis at a high angle to the nearly N-S southern Ethiopian and the nearly N-S trending Kenya rifts and to the transversal, roughly NW-SE-trending, preexisting Mesozoic Anza Graben. The shape, the spatial distribution of vents as well as the volcanic structures of the fields indicate that each volcanic field records the interaction between the magma dynamics, the crustal structural architecture and the local stress field. The volcanic fields are located at the border of a very cold and stiff lithosphere as inferred by geophysical data. In summary, the location and the evolution of the analysed off-rift volcanic fields are controlled by the inner structures of the EARS whereas their vent spatial distribution and shape are controlled by the local shallow structure of the crust and local stress field.
    Description: Published
    Description: 334-347
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: volcanic field shape ; vents and fractures distribution ; Quaternary ; East African Rift System ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Deep and shallow crustal structure control on the late-stage volcanism in Syria Planum (Mars) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-20
    Description: volcanic provinces with the largest shield volcanoes of the Solar System. However, volcanism on Mars is characterized also by the occurrence of broad volcanic fields, either in the form of small lava shields or monogenic volcanic cones. The region of Syria Planum (SP) is located east of the Tharsis province and between Noctis Labyrinthus to the North and Claritas Fossae to the southwest. It is an example of diffuse volcanism, presenting hundreds of small edifices (namely Syria Colles) which occur on top of a large bulge roughly 300 km × 200 km in size. SP exhibits a complex magmatic and volcano-tectonic evolution spanning from the early-Noachian to the more recent Amazonian. In this work, we investigate the geometry of the plumbing system of the SP volcanic field as well as the geometries of the volcanic constructs (i.e., vent elongation and vent alignment) that may be linked to the structures that fed the magma presenting a possible tectonic and volcanic evolution of the distributed volcanism phase in this area. The spatial distribution of vents and the overall map view shape of the volcanic field were studied in terms of vent clustering and spatial distribution. We show that the widespread and diffuse volcanism in SP presents clear vent clusters that are related to a deep source magma reservoir located at ~100 km depth. We also show that Syria Colles vent elongations and azimuth distributions suggest that the magma exploited the inherited regional structural framework, coherent with the Syria Colles late-stage Amazonian magmatic event, and highlighting the role of a shallow crustal tectonic framework in shaping the Martian volcanism.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107830
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcanic vents clustering ; Vent spatial distribution ; Vent spatial distribution Plumbing system ; Structural inheritance ; Mars ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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