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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; HLA-DQα ; Arg 52 ; HLA-DQβ non-Asp 57 ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary HLA-DQ α and β alleles were chosen as the most sensitive Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus susceptibility markers for evaluating the disease associations and Type 1 diabetes risk in a population-based registry from Madrid. The absence of aspartic acid in position 57 of the DQ β chain (non-Asp 57), and the presence of arginine in position 52 of the DQ a chain (Arg 52) were found to be reliable markers of Type 1 diabetes susceptibility among the Spanish population, with significantly higher frequencies among the cases of Type 1 diabetes compared to randomly selected non-diabetic control subjects from the general Madrid population. While non-Asp 57 homozygosity conferred an absolute risk of 32.3 per 100,000 per year and Arg 52 of 31.5 per 100,000 per year, the risk for double homozygotes for both non-Asp 57 and Arg 52 was estimated as 101.7 per 100,000 per year. Individuals homozygous for only one of these alleles, and heterozygous at the other locus, had a markedly lower Type 1 diabetes risk (12.8 per 100,000 per year), approximating the general population incidence for Madrid. Thus, susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes in Spanish patients is associated, quantitatively, with non-Asp 57 DQ β and Arg 52 DQ α alleles.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coxiella burnetii ; Q fever ; Sero-epidemiology ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A seroepidemiological survey, using an indirect immunofluorescence test against Coxiella burnetii (antigenic phase II), was carried out in León province, north-western Spain. A total of 406 serum samples was collected from people (from 15 to more than 65 years old) living in a rural environment during the winter and spring of 1994. The overall prevalence was 40.6%, titres ranged from 1:80 to 1:640, and a titre of 1:80 was encountered among 60.6% of positive samples. A significant higher prevalence was observed among males globally, as well as among those aged 15–44 and 45–64 years old; however, no difference was encountered among males and females older than 64 years. In the same way, a significant higher Q fever prevalence was observed among individuals having occupations related to agriculture and among those having close relationship with animals.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Mortality ; Morbidity ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study of breast cancer mortality and cancer morbidity has been carried out in Spain recently for the period 1977–1988, covering the population of the 17 Autonomous Communities and 50 provinces of the country. Data was obtained from INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (National Institute of Statistics), with age standardization using the indirect method. The different Autonomous Communities and provinces were compared in order to establish possible significant differences. The crude mean mortality rate was 21 cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year; Las Palmas, Gerona, Barcelona, the Balearic Islands, Navarra and Zaragoza have the highest mortality rates, with a proportional increment of 54% in that period. The crude national mean morbidity rate for the considered period was 64.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and the proportional increment 180%. According to provincial figures, Alava had the highest fitted mean morbidity rate, 135 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, whilst the highest fitted mean rate was Las Palmas (28 cases/100,000 inhabitants), and the highest proportional increment was the rate for the province of Huesca (169%). When using the ANOVA test on the mean rate of the period, for mortality as well as morbidity, we observed significant differences among provinces and among Autonomous Communities (p ⩽ 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The configuration of several keto-cyclolignans related to podophyllotoxin has been reviewed. Under basic catalysis, the configuration at the C-atom in α-position to the lactone carbonyl group in podophyllotoxone is inverted instead of the C-atom in α-position to the ketone group, as it has been reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 709-722 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal and dielectric behaviors of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers near the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition are investigated for samples with 20, 25, 30, and 40 mol% trifluoroethylene (TrFE). The data suggest that the transition becomes continuous for a particular composition near 50 mol% TrFE. Experimental data are sensitive to thermal history (kinetics of crystallization, and kinetics and cycling over the structural transition). It is found that several anomalies are present at the structural change, and in particular the 30 mol% TrFE sample shows the most marked anomalies. These phenomena can be attributed to defects, but another possibility would be the existence of an intemediate supplementary phase. Both hypotheses are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 767-778 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An analysis of the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) subjected to longitudinal and transversal induced stretching in the ratio 2:1, is presented in this paper. The relaxation behavior of two coextruded LLDPE films prepared from copolymers of ethylene-1-octene is reported as well. The spectra, expressed in terms of loss tan δ, present a γ relaxation shifted 5°C to 10°C in the LLDPE1 with respect to the LLDPE2 when the stretching was longitudinal. This relaxation is lower in intensity than the one exhibited for conventional low-density polyethylene of the same crystallinity. Increasing the temperature order, a β relaxation process appears as an ostensible shoulder of the first of two relaxation processes, called α′ and α″, detected in the α region. The β relaxation, which is believed to be produced by motion taking place in the amorphous and interfacial regions, appears as two overlapping peaks centered at -36°C and -30°C for a longitudinal stretching and at -34°C and -28°C for a transversal stretching at 1 Hz. In relation to this fact, we observed a slight increase in the Tα of the LLDPE2 with respect to the LLDPE1, which is greater in the transversally stretched polymers than in the longitudinal ones. The values of the activation energy corresponding to the second peak of the β relaxation were obtained for the films subjected to stretching in longitudinal and transversal directions to the processing orientation. The study of the diffusional characteristics of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the films shows the temperature is related to the region for which the α processes are given. An anomalous behavior of the diffusion coefficient with the temperature is observed, suggesting general movements around the amorphous segments and crystalline entities. The increase with the temperature of both parameters (diffusion and permeability) can be attributed to a change in the gas solubility. This increase is greater for CO2 than for O2 which we interpret as a plastificant effect of the CO2. Finally, the activation energies from diffusion coefficent and permeability are analyzed in terms of Arrhenius. The results show that the temperature dependence of the diffusive parameters may not be a simply activated process as a consequence of the fact that the diffusional characteristics of the films depend on their morphology which, in turn, is changing with temperature. Little changes are observed when the films are subjected to any kind of stretching. In this sense, we think that the orientation by tensile drawing will decrease the conformational entropy involved in melting processes and, as a consequence, will reduce both the permeability and the apparent diffusion coefficients. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 31 (1996), S. 313-317 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this work the corrosion behavior of a new biomaterial, the MA-956 superalloy, immersed in Hank's solution is evaluated. A comparison with conventional metallic alloys used as articular implants is established. To determine the corrosion behavior we employed electrochemical methods: evaluation of corrosion potential Ecorr, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and anodic polarization curves. The corrosion resistance of the MA-956 superalloy preoxidized at 1100°C during 100 h is at least two orders of magnitude higher than for the other alloys. This satisfactory behavior is stationary with time. Also the probability of the appearance of the pitting corrosion process is very low. When cracking is generated in the α-alumina layer the repassivation process is assured because of the high Cr content in the superalloy. This study is the first step in proposing this new alloy as a biomaterial. The low toxicity of these metallic alloys in the physiological environment suggests that in vivo their biocompatibility could be satisfactory. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1988 (1988), S. 737-742 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese von Pyrimidin-Analoga des Nucleosid-Antibiotikums AscamycinVier Analoga des Ascamycins 〈5′-O′-O-[N-(L-alanyl)sulfamoyl]-2-chloradenosin〉(1), bei welchen der 2-Chloradenosinrest durch Uridin, Thymidin, Cytidin und 2′-Deoxy-5-methylcytidin ersetzt wurde, sind durch selektive Aminoacylierung der 5′-O-Sulfamoyl-Derivate 2, 9, 14 und 21 des 2′,3′-Di-O-acetyluridins, 3′-O-Acetylthymidins, 2′,3′-O-Isopropylidencytidins, bzw. des 3′-O-Acetyl-2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidins mit Boc-L-Ala-OSu in DMF und in Anwesenheit von DBU, mit nachfolgender Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen, erhalten worden. Ähnlich wurde 5′-O-[N-(D-Alanyl)sulfamoyl]uridin (8) ausgehend von Boc-D-Ala-OSu und 2 hergestellt. Die Verbindungen 14 und 21 wurden direkt durch Sulfamoylierung der 4-N-(Dimethylamino)methylen-Derivate 13 und 20 von 2′,3′-O-Isopropylidencytidin bzw. 3′-O-Acetyl-2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidin über die 5′-O-Tributylzinn-Zwischenverbindungen dargestellt. Verbindung 20 wurde aus 5′-O-Isopropylidencytidin bzw. 3′-O-Acetyl-2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidin über die 5′-O-Tributylzinn-Zwischenverbindungen dargestellt. Verbindung 20 wurde aus 5′-O-(tert-Bu-tyldimethylsilyl)thymidin (17) mittels Acetylierung und nachfolgende Überführung des Thymidinrestes in 5-Methylcytosin über das entsprechende Triazolylpyrimidinon unter Schutz der Amidingruppe erhalten.
    Notes: Four analogues of ascamycin 〈5′-O-[N-(L-alanyl)sulfamoyl]-2-chloroadenosine〉 (1) in which the 2-chloroadenosine moiety has been replaced by uridine, thymidine, cytidine, and 2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine have been synthesized by selective aminoacylation of the 5′-O-sulfamoyl derivatives 2, 9, 14, and 21 of 2′,3′-di-O-acetyluridine, 3′-O-acetylthymidine, 2′,3′-O-isopropylidenecytidine, and 3′-O-acetyl-2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine, respectively, with Boc-L-Ala-OSu in DMF and in the presence of DBU, followed by removal of the protecting groups. Similarly, 5′-O-[N-(D-alanyl)sulfamoyl]uridine (8) has been prepared from Boc-D-Ala-OSu and 2. Compounds 14 and 21 were directly prepared by sulfamoylation of the 4-N-(dimethylamino)methylene derivatives 13 and 20 of 2′,3′-O-isopropylidenecytidine and 3′-O-acetyl-2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine, respectively, via the intermediate 5′-O-tributyltin derivatives. Compound 20 was obtained from 5′-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)thymidine (17) by a route involving acetylation, conversion of the thymidine moiety into 5-methylcytosine through the corresponding triazolylpyrimidinone, and amidine protection.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 61 (1997), S. 613-626 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy of the vibrational mode with spherical symmetry, in which the ionic cores oscillate in the radial direction around the equilibrium geometry (ionic breathing mode) is calculated for trivalent (AlN, 2≤N≤50) and monovalent (NaN, 2≤N≤73; CsN, 2≤N≤74) metallic clusters. The ground-state total energy is calculated using density functional theory, with a spherically averaged pseudopotential to describe the ion-electron interaction and optimizing the geometry by the simulated annealing technique. The energy of the ionic mode is calculated by diagonalization of the dynamical matrix including the electronic relaxation in the linear response approximation. The compressibility and bulk modulus of the metallic cluster are obtained from the energies of the monopole oscillations. These energies present a linear behavior on the inverse of the cluster radius, which is analyzed using a semiclassical liquid drop mass formula for the total energy of the clusters and a scaling model. The values of the vibrational frequencies present electronic shell closing effects for the three metals.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 69 (1998), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio density functional calculations for NanPb, LinPb, NanPb4, and LinPb4 are reported. The abundance of Na6Pb observed in gas-phase experiments is explained as a consequence of evaporative cooling, which stops at Na6Pb because of the high evaporation energy of this cluster. Insight is also provided into the clustering in the liquid Li-Pb and Na-Pb alloys. Anomalies in several electronic, structural, and thermodynamic properties were detected at certain compositions (20% Pb in Li-Pb; 20% Pb and 50% Pb in Na-Pb) and our calculations support the interpretation of those anomalies in terms of the formation of octet and Zintl clusters.   © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 69: 341-348, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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