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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal function and insulin sensitivity during simvastatin treatment in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 1079-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; microalbuminuria ; glomerular filtration rate ; plasma lipoproteins ; insulin sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of simvastatin (10–20 mg/day) on kidney function, urinary albumin excretion rate and insulin sensitivity was evaluated in 18 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and moderate hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol ≥5.5 mmol·l−1). In a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled design treatment with simvastatin (n=8) for 36 weeks significantly reduced total cholesterol (6.7±0.3 vs 5.1 mmol·l−1 (p〈0.01)), LDL-cholesterol (4.4±0.3 vs 2.9±0.2 mmol·l−1 (p〈0.001)) and apolipoprotein B (1.05±0.04 vs 0.77±0.02 mmol·l−1 (p〈0.01)) levels as compared to placebo (n=10). Both glomerular filtration rate (mean±SEM) (simvastatin: 96.6±8.0 vs 96.0±5.7 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2, placebo: 97.1±6.7 vs 88.8±6.0 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2) (NS) and urinary albumin excretion rate (geometric mean x/÷ antilog SEM) (simvastatin: 18.4x/÷1.3vs 16.2 x/÷1.2 μg·min−1, placebo 33.1 x/÷ 1.3 vs 42.7 x/÷ 1.3 μg·min−1)(NS) were unchanged during the study. A euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp was performed at baseline and after 18 weeks in seven simvastatin-and nine placebo-treated patients. Isotopically determined basal and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal was similarly reduced before and during therapy in both the simvastatin (2.0±0.1 vs 1.9±0.1 (NS) and 3.1±0.6 vs 3.1±0.7 mg·kg−1·min−1 (NS)) and the placebo group (1.9±0.1 vs 1.8±0.1 (NS) and 4.1±0.6 vs 3.8±0.2 mg·kg−1·min−1 (NS)). No different was observed in glucose storage or glucose and lipid oxidation before and after treatment. Further, the suppression of hepatic glucose production during hyperinsulinaemia was not influenced by simvastatin (−0.7±0.8 vs −0.7±0.5 mg·kg−1·min−1 (NS)). In conclusion, despite marked improvement in the dyslipidaemia simvastatin had no impact on kidney function or urinary albumin excretion rate and did not reduce insulin resistance in these microalbuminuric and moderately hypercholesterolaemic Type 2 diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374502
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary albumin excretion rate and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in NIDDM with microalbuminuria: effects of a monounsaturated-enriched diet (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1069-1075 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; microalbuminuria ; blood pressure ; monounsaturated fat diet ; olive oil ; diet ; metabolic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that unsaturated fat-enriched diets may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, whereas little is known about the effects on albuminuria. In a 3-week cross-over design we compared the effects of a currently recommended high-carbohydrate diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat [10% monounsaturated fat]) vs a diet rich in monounsaturated fat (30% carbohydrate, 50% fat [30% monounsaturated fat]) on urinary albumin excretion rate, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and metabolic control in ten NIDDM patients with persistent microalbuminuria. The 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was similar before and after both the high-carbohydrate diet (mean±SD: 145/78±25/10 vs 143/79±19/10 mmHg (NS) and the monounsaturated fat diet: 140/78±16/8 vs 143/79±15/8 mmHg (NS). No changes were observed in day or night-time blood pressures. Urinary albumin excretion rate was unaffected after 3 weeks' treatment by the diets: from (geometric mean ×/÷ tolerance factor) 32.4×/÷2.1 to 36.0×/÷1.9 Μg/min (NS) vs from 34.2×/÷1.9 to 32.1×/÷2.1 Μg/min (NS). Fasting plasma glucose, serum fructosamine and HbA1c as well as lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were stable during both diets. Compared to the high-carbohydrate diet a reduction in the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was observed during the monounsaturated fat diet (p〈0.03). In conclusion, compared to a high-carbohydrate diet, 3 weeks' treatment with a monounsaturated fat diet did not affect the levels of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure or albuminuria in microalbuminuric NIDDM patients. Moreover, glycaemic control and lipoprotein levels were unchanged, although a potential beneficial effect on the LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio was noted. Monounsaturated fat represents an alternative in the diets of NIDDM patients especially when caloric intake is not a concern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402177
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcapillary escape rate and albuminuria in Type II diabetes. Effects of short-term treatment with low-molecular weight heparin (Short Communication) (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 60-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Transcapillary escape rate of albumin ; microalbuminuria ; albuminuria ; low-molecular weight heparin ; heparin.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relation between urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE), transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb), haemostatic factors, ambulatory blood pressure, and metabolic variables was investigated in 45 Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients without overt nephropathy or uncontrolled blood pressure. We enrolled 44 patients in a placebo controlled study to test the effects of 3 week long treatment with low-molecular weight heparin (tinzaparin) on the same variables. BMI, 24 h systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma concentrations of triglycerides, fasting glucose, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor (vWf), fibrinogen, α-2 macroglobulin, and fibronectin were notably higher in patients with increased albuminuria compared with normoalbuminuric patients, whereas the TERalb was similar in the two groups. TERalb correlated with fasting plasma glucose. UAE correlated more closely than TERalb with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, vWf, and factor VIII. Urinary albumin excretion rate was unchanged during tinzaparin [28.9 ± 5.6 vs 28.1 ± 6.0 μg/min (geometric mean (antilog SD)] vs placebo (18.0 ± 5.4 vs 17.6 ± 5.3 μg/min), and no change was found in TERalb [6.3 ± 1.6 vs 6.0 ± 1.5 %/h (means ± SD), and 6.3 ± 1.5 vs 5.6 ± 1.8 %/h; tinzaparin versus placebo, respectively]. Only minor changes were observed in blood pressure, lipids, glycaemic control and haemostatic factors. This study shows no correlation between albuminuria and transcapillary escape rate in Type II diabetic patients without overt nephropathy or uncontrolled blood pressure. UAE is related to markers of atherosclerosis, endothelial injury and dysfunction, and haemostatic factors. Moreover, UAE correlates much more than TERalb with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, von Willebrand factor, and factor VIII. Finally, short-term treatment with tinzaparin does not change the transvascular or glomerular leakage of albumin. These results indicate that TERalb is not a sensitive marker of microvascular dysfunction in such patients and that factors other than abnormal glycosaminoglycan metabolism may contribute to the vascular damage of these patients. [Diabetalogia (1999) 42: 60–67]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051114
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  • 4
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    Static stress drop associated with brittle slip events on exhumed faults. (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We estimate the static stress drop on small exhumed strike-slip faults in the Lake Edison granodiorite of the central Sierra Nevada (California). The subvertical strike-slip faults were exhumed from 4 to 15 km depth and were chosen because they are exposed in outcrop along their entire tip-to-tip lengths of 8–12 m. Slip nucleated on joints and accumulated by crystal-plastic shearing (forming quartz mylonites from early quartz vein filling in joints) and successive brittle faulting (forming epidote-bearing cataclasites). The occurrence of thin, 300 mm wide, pseudotachylytes along some small faults throughout the study area suggests that some, if not all, of the brittle slip on the study area faults may have been seismic. We suggest that the contribution of brittle, cataclastic slip to the total slip along the studied cataclasite-bearing small faults may be estimated by the length of epidote-filled, rhombohedral dilatational jogs (rhombochasms) distributed quasi-periodically along the length of the faults. The interpretation that slip recorded by rhombochasms occurred in single events is based on evidence that (1) epidote crystals are randomly oriented and undeformed within the rhombochasm; (2) cataclasite in principal slip zones does not include clasts of previous cataclasite, and (3) rhombochasm lengths vary systematically along the length of the faults with slip maximum occurring near the fault center, tapering to the fault tips. We thereby constrain both the rupture length and slip. On the basis of these measurements, we calculate stress drops ranging over 90–250 MPa, i.e., one to two orders of magnitude larger than typical seismological estimates for earthquakes, but similar in magnitude to seismological estimates of small (〈M2) earthquakes from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The slip events described in the present study occurred along small, deep-seated faults, and, given the calculated stress drops and observations that brittle faults exploited joints sealed by quartz-bearing mylonite, we conclude that these were ‘‘strong’’ faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: B02402
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquakes ; stress drops ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Rough Faults, Distributed Weakening, and Off-Fault Deformation (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report systematic spatial variations of fault rocks along non-planar strike-slip faults 11 cross-cutting the Lake Edison Granodiorite, Sierra Nevada, California (Sierran wavy fault) and 12 Lobbia outcrops of the Adamello Batholith in the Italian Alps (Lobbia wavy fault). In the case of 13 the Sierran fault, pseudotachylyte formed at contractional fault bends, where it is found as thin 14 (1-2 mm) fault-parallel veins. Epidote and chlorite developed in the same seismic context as the 15 pseudotachylyte and are especially abundant in extensional fault bends. We argue that the 16 presence of fluids, as illustrated by this example, does not necessarily preclude the development 17 of frictional melt. In the case of the Lobbia fault, pseudotachylyte thickness varies along the 18 length of the fault, but the pseudotachylyte veins thicken and pool in extensional bends. We 19 conduct a quantitative analysis of fault roughness, microcrack distribution, stress, and friction 20 along the Lobbia fault. 21 Numerical modeling results show that opening in extensional bends and localized thermal 22 weakening in contractional bends counteract resistance encountered by fault waviness, resulting 23 in an overall weaker fault than suggested by the corresponding static friction coefficient. The 24 models also predict static stress redistribution around bends in the faults which are consistent 25 with distributions of microcracks, indicating significant elastic and inelastic strain energy is 26 dissipated into the wall rocks due to non-planar fault geometry. Together these observations suggest that damage and energy dissipation occurs along the entire non-planar fault during slip, 28 rather than being confined to the region close to the dynamically propagating crack tip.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; rutpure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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