Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 22 -- Table of Contents -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Looking at the Metal/Solution Interface With the Electrochemical Quartz-Crystal Microbalance: Theory and Experiment -- I. Introduction -- A. Is It Really a Microbalance? -- B. Applications of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance -- C. The Impedance Spectrum of the EQCM -- D. Outline of This Chapter -- II. Theoretical Interpretation of the QCM Response -- A. Impedance -- B. The Effect of Thin Surface Films -- C. The Quartz Crystal Operating in Contact with a Liquid -- D. Quartz Crystals with Rough Surfaces -- III. Electrical Double Layer/Electrostatic Adsorption -- A. Introduction -- B. Some Typical Results -- C. The Potential Dependence of the Frequency -- IV. Adsorption Studies -- A. The Adsorption of Organic Substances -- B. The Adsorption of Inorganic Species -- V. Metal Deposition -- A. Deposition on the Same Metal Substrate -- B. Early Stages of Metal Deposition on a Foreign Substrate -- VI. The Influence of Roughness on the Response of the QCM in Liquids -- A. The Nonelectrochemical Case -- B. The Electrochemical Case -- VII. Conclusion -- VIII. Appendix -- A. Nonuniform Film on the Surface -- B. Experimental Remarks -- References -- The Indirect Laser-Induced Temperature Jump Method for Characterizing Fast Interfacial Electron Transfer: Concept, Application, and Results -- I. Introduction -- A. Why Measure Fast Interfacial Electron Transfer Rate Constants? And How? -- B. Background -- C. The Underlying Principles of the ILIT Method-The Short Version -- D. Definition of Terms -- II. The Evolution of the ILIT Method for the Study of Fast Interfacial Electron Transfer Kinetics -- A. The Temperature-Jump Approach for Studies of Homogeneous Kinetics. , B. The Temperature-Jump Approach for Studies of Interfacial Kinetics -- III. Relevant Electron Transfer Theory: Marcus's Description of Heterogeneous Nonadiabatic Electron Transfer Reactions -- A. Chidsey's Approach -- B. Temperature Dependence -- C. How Well Does the Butler-Volmer Expression Approximate Marcus's Formalism? -- IV. Analysis of the ILIT Response -- A. Response of the Open-Circuit Electrode Potential to a Change in the Interfacial Temperature in the Presence of a Perfectly Reversible Redox Couple Attached to the Electrode Surface -- B. The Relaxation of the ILIT Response When the Rate of Electron Transfer Is Not Infinitely Fast -- C. When Is the ILIT Response Purely Thermal (i.e., Devoid of Kinetic Information)? -- D. The Shape of the Ideal ILIT Perturbation -- E. Nonidealities of the Shape of the ILIT Perturbation and Response-Extracting the Relaxation Rate Constant, km -- F. Correlating km to Meaningful Physical Parameters -- V. Experimental Implementation of ILIT -- A. The Cell -- B. The Working Electrode: Preparation and Thermal Diffusion Properties -- C. Preparation of Self-Assembled Monolayers -- D. The Electronics -- E. Potential Problems -- F. Energetic and Timing Considerations for Single and Multiple Pulse Experiments -- G. Some Suggested Experimental Protocols -- VI. A Few Examples of Measurements of Interfacial Kinetics -- A. Some Typical Transients -- B. Determining the Value of k° -- C. Arrhenius Plots and Evaluation of ΔH≠ and ΔHλ -- VII. The Potential of the ILIT Approach -- VIII. Some Thoughts About Future Experiments -- IX. Glossary of Terms -- X. Appendix: One-Dimensional Thermal Diffusion into Two Different Phases -- References -- Electrically Conducting Diamond Thin Films: Advanced Electrode Materials For Electrochemical Technologies -- I. Introduction. , II. Diamond Thin Film Deposition, Electrode Architectures, Substrate Materials, and Electrochemical Cells -- III. Electrical Conductivity of Diamond Electrodes -- IV. Characterization of Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Film Electrodes -- V. Basic Electrochemical Properties of Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Film Electrodes -- VI. Factors Affecting Electron Transfer at Diamond Electrodes -- VII. Surface Modification of Diamond Materials and Electrodes -- VIII. Electroanalytical Applications -- A. Azide Detection -- B. Trace Metal Ion Analysis -- C. Nitrite Detection -- D. NADH Detection -- E. Uric Acid Detection -- F. Histamine and Serotonin Detection -- G. Direct Electron Transfer to Heme Peptide and Peroxidase -- H. Cytochrome . Analysis -- I. Carbamate Pesticide Detection -- J. Ferrocene Analysis -- K. Aliphatic Polyamine Detection -- IX. Electrosynthesis and Electrolytic Water Purification -- X. Optically Transparent Electrodes for Spectroelectrochemistry -- XI. Advanced Electrocatalyst Support Materials -- A. Composite Electrode Fabrication and Characterization -- B. Oxygen Reduction Reaction -- C. Methanol Oxidation Reaction -- XII. Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 24 -- Contents of Other Series Volumes -- Chapter 1: Advances in Potentiometry -- Chapter 2: Electrochemistry at Platinum Single Crystal Electrodes -- Chapter 3: Application of SECM to Corrosion Studies -- Chapter 4: Surface Interrogation Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SI-SECM): An Approach to the Study of Adsorption and (Electro)Catalysis at Electrodes -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Electrochemical Dictionary -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- List of Contributors -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- PART I: FOUNDATIONS -- 1. The Creative Biology of Human Reproduction -- 2. On Getting Pregnant -- 3. How Humans Control Their Fertility -- 4. Infections and Reproduction -- 5. The Genetics of Reproduction -- 6. Evolutionary Biology and Eugenics -- 7. Heterogeneity of Risk -- 8. Reproductive Epidemiology: Themes and Variations -- PART II: OUTCOMES -- 9. Fertility and Fecundability -- 10. Early Pregnancy Loss -- 11. Miscarriage -- 12. Stillbirth and Infant Mortality -- 13. Twins and More -- 14. Gestational Age and Preterm Delivery -- 15. Birth Weight and Fetal Growth -- 16. Birth Defects -- 17. Sex Ratio -- 18. Maternal Mortality and Morbidity -- 19. Preeclampsia -- 20. Fetal Exposures and Adult Disease -- 21. Unanswered Questions in Reproductive Epidemiology -- Afterword -- Puzzlers -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Appendix -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Note: Marine Pollution and Human Health -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Marine Environment and Human Health: An Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Issues addressed in this Book -- 3.1 Pathogens -- 3.2 Pollutants -- 3.3 Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) -- 3.4 Public Health and Wellbeing -- 3.5 Scientific Challenges and Policy Needs -- 4 Towards a Systems Approach -- References -- Waterborne Pathogens -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human Pathogens in the Marine Environment -- 2.1 Pathogens Introduced to the Oceans -- 2.2 Pathogens Indigenous to the Oceans -- 2.3 Differentiating Pathogenic from Non-Pathogenic Microbes -- 2.4 Pathogen Distribution -- 2.5 Pathogen Detection -- 3 Fecal Indicator Bacteria -- 3.1 Development and Usage -- 3.2 Limitations -- 4 Alternative Measures of Microbial Quality -- 4.1 The Ideal Indicator -- 4.2 Alternative Indicators -- 4.3 Microbial Source Tracking -- 5 Molecular Methods: A Revolution in Detection Technologies -- 6 Epidemiological Studies: Linking Microbial Measures to Human Health -- 7 Modeling Pathogens in Marine Waters -- 7.1 Modeling Aquatic Pathogens: The Example of Vibrios -- 7.2 Coupling Modeling and Remote Sensing -- 7.3 Use of Models in Management: Fecal Indicator Bacteria -- 8 The Future of Beach Regulation -- References -- Estuarine and Marine Pollutants -- 1 Context -- 2 Public Perception -- 3 Priority Substances and Legislation -- 4 Emerging Contaminants -- 4.1 Industrial Emerging Contaminants -- 4.2 Other Emerging Contaminants -- 5 Nanoparticles -- 5.1 Sources and Environmental Behaviour -- 6 Plastics -- 7 Complex Mixtures: Causality of Effects -- 8 Climate Change and Pollutants -- 9 Future Issues -- References -- Harmful Algal Blooms -- 1 Phytoplankton -- 1.1 Harmful Phytoplankton -- 1.2 Mechanisms of Harm to Human Health -- 1.3 The Scale of the Problem -- 2 Human Health Syndromes. , 2.1 Shellfish Poisoning -- 2.2 Causative Organisms and Toxins -- 2.2.1 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) -- 2.2.2 Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) -- 2.2.3 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) -- 2.2.4 Other Lipophilic Shellfish Toxins (LSTs) -- 2.2.5 Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) -- 2.3 Respiratory Illness -- 2.4 Fish Vectored Illness -- 2.5 Cyanobacteria -- 2.6 The Role of Harmful Phytoplankton in Influencing Human Wellbeing -- 2.6.1 Microflagellates -- 2.6.2 Other Dinoflagellates -- 2.6.3 Diatoms -- 3 Harmful Algal Blooms in UK Coastal Waters -- 3.1 Shellfish Poisoning -- 3.1.1 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) -- 3.1.2 Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) -- 3.1.3 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) -- 3.1.4 Azaspiracid Poisoning (AZP) -- 3.2 Other Harmful Phytoplankton in UK Waters -- 3.2.1 Karenia mikimotoi -- 3.2.2 Other Dinoflagellates -- 3.2.3 Phaeocystis -- 3.2.4 Microflagellates -- 3.2.5 Diatoms and Silicoflagellates -- 3.2.6 Other Species of Pelagic Microplankton -- 4 Safeguarding Health -- 4.1 Monitoring -- 4.2 Are Algal Toxins a Public Health Problem? -- 4.3 Early Warning Methodologies and Mitigation -- 4.4 Introductions and Transfers of New Species -- 4.5 Climate Change -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Scientific Challenges and Policy Needs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key Science Challenges for Marine Environment and Human Health -- 2.1 Linking Ecosystem Integrity, Ecosystem Services and Human Health -- 2.2 Sustainable Industrial Development -- 2.3 Understanding and Mitigating the Impacts of Climate Change -- 2.4 Better Prediction Systems for Natural Disasters -- 2.5 Understanding the Distribution and Risks of Marine Biogenic Toxins (Algal Toxins) -- 2.6 Identifying and Reducing Viral and Bacterial Pathogens from Sewage and Agricultural Run-Off. , 2.7 Understanding Emerging Risks (e.g. Nanoparticulates from Industrial and Domestic Use) -- 2.8 Conventional Chemical Inputs (Industrial, Domestic, Agricultural and Road Run-Off), including Personal Care Products, Disinfectants, Pharmaceuticals, Novel Chemicals and Radionuclides -- 2.9 Endocrine Disruption -- 2.10 Pharmaceuticals from the Sea -- 2.11 The Marine Environment as a Health and Wellbeing Resource: the 'Blue Gym' Effect -- 3 Public Health Needs -- 3.1 Health-Related Indices of Environmental Impact -- 3.2 Seafood Safety -- 3.3 Environmental, Social and Economic Interactions (Quality of Governance, Overpopulation and Sustaining Critical Coastal Ecosystems) -- 3.4 Modelling - Need for an Integrated Approach in the Development of Effective Environmental and Public Health Policies on a Regional and Global Scale -- 4 Policy Needs -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Subject Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 15 -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Electrochemistry of Liquid-Liquid Interfaces -- I. Introduction -- II. Historical Overview of the Physical Chemistry of ITIES -- III. Energy of Transfer and Interfacial Potentials -- IV. Interfacial Thermodynamics -- V. Electrified ITIES -- VI. Charge Transfers Across ITIES -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix: Electrochemistry of Liquid-Liquid Interface -- References -- Ellipsometry: Principles and Recent Applications in Electrochemistry -- I. Introduction -- II. Specular Reflection of Light from the Solid-Electrolyte -- III. Instrumentation -- IV. Optical Properties of Surface Films in Electrochemical Systems and Their Qualitative Ellipsometric Effects -- V. Experimental Results -- VI. Outlook -- References -- Voltammetry at Ultramicroelectrodes -- I. Introduction -- II. Diffusion at Ultramicroelectrodes -- III. Advantages of Ultramicroelectrodes -- IV. Construction and Use of Ultramicroelectrodes -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front cover -- Introduction to the Series -- Content s of Other SeriesVolumes -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume 23 -- Chapter 1. Electrochemistry atLiquid-Liquid Interfaces -- Chapter 2. Reduction of Platinum under Superdry Conditions -- Chapter 3. Impact of Metal-Ligand Bonding Interactions on the Electron-Transfer Chemistry of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles -- Chapter 4. Sol-Gel Electrochemistry -- Index -- Back cover.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Introduction to the Series -- Contributors to Volume 16 -- Contents of Volume 16 -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Voltammetry Following Nonelectrolytic Preconcentration -- I. Introduction and Scope -- II. Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry -- III. Voltammetry Following Preconcentration at Chemically Modified Electrodes -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Hydrodynamic Voltammetry in Continuous-Flow Analysis -- I. Introduction -- II. Background -- III. Electrode Materials -- IV. Analytical Techniques and Applications -- V. Indirect Methods -- VI. New Electrode Systems -- VII. On-line Monitoring and Control -- Glossary of Abbreviations -- References -- Electrochemical Aspects of Low-Dimensional Molecular Solids -- I. Introduction -- II. Description of Low-Dimensional Solids -- III. Redox Properties of Molecular Solids -- IV. Electrochemical Preparation of Low-Dimensional Solids -- V. Low-Dimensional Solids as Electrode Materials -- VI. Summary -- Appendix: Definitions of Acronyms -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.