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  • 1
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    Biogeographic validation of a global ocean biogeochemical model (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Currently biogeochemical models of the global ocean focus on simulating the coupling between prevalent physical conditions and the biogeochemical processes with the underlying assumption that coherent biological properties are a direct (or modulated) response to physics. This is one possible biogeographic characterisation of the pelagic environment, since biogeochemistry represents only one aspect of marine ecosystems. Several models are currently capable of simulating the chlorophyll distribution observed from space, though an objective validation with respect to relevant ecosystem properties is still lacking. In this paper we analyse the results of one of the most comprehensive models of ocean biogeochemistry with an emphasis on biogeographic validation sensu Longhurst (Ecological Geography of the Sea, 2007, 2nd edition, Academic Press). A set of multivariate statistical tools, Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA), are used to verify the existence of pre-defined biogeographic provinces and their statistical significance. The MDS ordination indicates that the given provinces are recognizable in the model on the basis of the selected variables. Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) shows that the provinces are statistically separable and they can be more easily distinguished in terms of their environmental features rather than their biology. The underlying relationships between the physical and biological properties are investigated through correlation analyses, thus providing some insights on how the model reproduces features characteristic of the various regions. Satellite chlorophyll data have been used to demonstrate external validation at the biogeographic level. The a priori provinces as characterised by chlorophyll values cannot be statistically separated in either the data or the model. It is likely this is related to the arbitrary choice of province boundaries, which are not necessarily the same as those derivable from non-interpolated SeaWiFS data. The PCA comparison of modelled and observed chlorophyll demonstrated some objective skill in the model as it generally captures the dominant mode of the data, although severe mismatch was identified in certain regions by visual comparison (Indian and Southern Oceans). The model also overestimated seasonal variability compared to the data. The method shows promise for helping overcome problems with model verification due to undersampling of most ocean biogeochemical variables.
    Description: EUR-OCEANS, CMCC
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 1-51
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Biogeochemical model ; global ocean ; general circulation ; ERSEM ; PELAGOS ; BFM ; biogeography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 2
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    A numerical simulation study of dissolved organic carbon accumulation in the northern Adriatic Sea (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-09
    Description: A mechanistic explanation for the accumulation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), observed in coastal seas such as the Northern Adriatic Sea, is proposed here on the basis of numerical simulations of the marine ecosystem dynamics carried out with a coupled biogeochemical-circulation model. The biogeochemical model is based on the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) upgraded with a more detailed representation of the DOC-bacteria interactions and resolving different level of DOC lability/refractivity. The circulation model is the Adriatic Sea implementation of the Princeton Ocean Model. The analysis of simulations confirms the important role of the Po river nutrient input on the ecosystem dynamics and highlights the presence of a strong across-shelf trophic gradient that, affecting the Bacterial Growth Efficiency (BGE), could be a key factor for the DOC accumulation. The simulations show the importance of circulation features in modulating the exchanges between areas having different trophic structure such as the western coastal strip, strongly influenced by the Po river runoff, and the open sea areas in the centre of the northern Adriatic sub-basin. The DOC produced in the high energy system of the Po runoff coastal strip, characterized by high BGE, is transported toward the open areas, which is a more oligotrophic environment with lower BGE. In this area the DOC turnover time is strongly increased giving rise to the DOC accumulation.
    Description: The leading author of this paper was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship given to the Environmental Science graduate program of the University of Bologna at Ravenna and by the VECTOR project funded by the Italian Ministry of Research and University. N. Pinardi and M. Zavatarelli were partially supported by the MFSTEP project (EU contract EVK3-CT-2002-00075) and the ADRICOSM Project (funded by the Italian Ministry of Environment and Territory, Division of Environmental Research and Development). Icarus Allen and Marcello Vichi acknowledge the support by the EUR-OCEANS network of excellence (contract 511106).
    Description: Published
    Description: C03S20
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Carbon cycling ; Marine systems ; Ecosystems, structure and dynamics ; Biogeosciences ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.05. Radiation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of a new radiosensitiser, Ro 03-8799 in humans (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 483-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: radiosensitiser ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers ; tumour patients ; Ro 03-8799
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new hypoxic cell radiosensitiser, Ro 03-8799 has been administered intravenously to human volunteers and its kinetic parameters derived from plasma and urine data. Good penetration of drug into tumour tissue is found, consistent with its large volume of distribution. The plasma clearance of this compound is rapid due to high metabolic and renal clearances. These parameters combine to produce an elimination half-life of 5.6 h, approximately half that of misonidazole, a well studied radiosensitiser. It is hoped that this decrease in total body exposure will also reduce the cumulative toxicity seen when misonidazole is administered repeatedly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00549599
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of oral midazolam, nitrazepam and placebo in young and elderly subjects (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: midazolam ; nitrazepam ; young ; elderly ; pharmacodynamics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve young and twelve elderly subjects received a single dose orally of midazolam 15 mg, nitrazepam 5 mg and placebo in a double-blind, crossover comparison. Midazolam acted rapidly, producing a deep sleep at 1 h in fifteen subjects compared to two after Nitrazepam and none after placebo. No comparison of psychomotor tests was possible at this time, but such tests showed that there was no detectable subjective or objective psychomotor impairment at 4 h postdose with either drug. However, the EEG scores strongly suggested that volunteers were more sleepy at 8 h after nitrazepam in comparison to placebo or midazolam. Both groups appeared to handle the drug in a similar manner, there being no significant differences between the groups in the plasma concentration time curves of nitrazepam, or midazolam. The elderly had higher concentrations of α-hydroxymidazolam. This accounted for a small proportion of the total plasma benzodiazepine concentration, and the mean area under the curve for midazolam and metabolite was not significantly different in the old from that in the young.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607572
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability of Oral Procaterol (1993)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 10 (1993), S. 603-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: procaterol ; bronchodilator ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and relative oral bioavailability of procaterol, an orally active β2-adrenergic agonist bronchodilator were evaluated in healthy volunteers. Procaterol was rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Mean plasma procaterol concentration–time profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters for both formulations were essentially superimposable. Following tablet administration, the mean C max was 358 pg/mL and the corresponding mean t max was 1.6 hr. Mean renal clearance was 163 mL/min and accounted for approximately one-sixth of the mean apparent oral plasma clearance (988 mL/min). The mean apparent elimination half-life of procaterol was 4.2 hr. Hepatic metabolism appears to be the primary mechanism for elimination of procaterol from the body, and first-pass metabolism may limit systemic bioavailability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018966506819
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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