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  • Cat  (3)
  • Septic shock  (2)
  • (Rabbit small intestine)  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of renin inhibitors with the intestinal uptake system for oligopeptides and β-lactam antibiotics
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1027 (1990), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Rabbit small intestine) ; Brush-border membrane ; Peptide transport ; Photoaffinity labeling ; Renin inhibitor ; β-Lactam antibiotic
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(90)90043-N
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective degeneration of two out of the nine types of synapses in cat caudate nucleus after cortical lesions (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 31 (1978), S. 67-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Caudate ; Cat ; 9 Types of synapses ; Degenerated ; Cortico-striate boutons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the cat caudate nucleus the same nine types of synapses are found as in putamen and fundus striati. The three parts of the striatum in the strict sense do not differ in the morphological differentiation of synapse types but only in their quantitative distribution. One-third of all synapses in the caudate nucleus are axo-spinous type IV synapses with a curved and divided asymmetric contact. This strongly suggests that the caudate nucleus interneuronal apparatus is dominated by centre-median input, in contrast to the putamen which is controlled by the cortico-striatal input to its internuncial cells and by its strong intrastriatal feedback mechanism. Extensive destruction of the convexity of the cortex and the medial cortex in one hemisphere results in dark degeneration of a large proportion of two of the nine types of caudate synapses: a) the axo-dendritic type VII synapses exciting the large aspiny caudate neurons and b) the axo-spinous type III synapses making contact with the small spiny neurons of the interneuronal cell apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235805
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pentoxifylline on cytokine levels and inflammatory parameters in septic shock (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 888-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Pentoxifylline ; Septic shock ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the influence of pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on cytokines and inflammatory proteins in patients suffering from septic shock. Design: Prospective study comparing a therapy group to a matched control group. Setting: Medical intensive care unit at a university hospital. Patients: Twenty four patients fulfilling the criteria of septic shock were included in this study. Twelve patients received PTX (therapy group) and 12 patients matched for diagnosis, age and gender served as the control group. Interventions: Pentoxifylline at 1 mg/kg per hour over 24 h in the therapy group. Measurements ad results: Cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)], soluble TNF receptor [TNF-R], and interleukin-6 [IL-6] and inflammatory proteins [C-reactive protein, α-1-antitrypsin (AAT), fibronectin, and haptoglobin], as well as hemodynamic parameters and the APACHE III score were evaluated before initiation of therapy and 24 h later. After 24 h, TNF levels were significantly lower in the therapy group (p=0.013), while IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the therapy group (p=0.030). Within the 24 h TNF declined significantly in the therapy group (p=0.006), while IL-6 showed a significant increase (p=0.043). AAT and the APACHE III score tended to differ significantly after 24 h between the groups [AAT levels higher in the therapy group (p=0.05), APACHE III score lower (p=0.05)]. In the therapy group, the systemic vascular resistance index was significantly higher after 24 h (p=0.0026) whereas the cardiac index declined (p=0.035). Conclusions: PTX does influence TNF levels in septic shock patients. Nevertheless, inhibiting a single mediator in severe septic shock cannot stop the inflammatory overreaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050183
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degeneration of two of nine types of synapses in the putamen after center median coagulation in the cat (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 28 (1977), S. 345-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Putamen ; Cat ; Center median parvocellular neurons ; Ultrastructure ; Degenerated boutons (type VII and IV)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cat putamen contains the identical nine types of synapses and the same proportion of axo-dendritic (or axo-somatic) synapses as described for the fundus striati. However, type III (cortico-striatal) (31∶16%) and type V (axon-collateral) (13∶1%) occur much more frequently and type I (nigro-striatal) much less frequently (14∶34%) in the putamen than in the fundus striati. Of the axo-spinous synapses only type IV, with densely arranged small round vesicles and interrupted, asymmetric contact, shows a dark degeneration after center median lesions, mainly in the parvocellular part. Of the six axo-dendritic (or axo-somatic) synapses, only type VII, with densely packed small round vesicles and asymmetric contact, is degenerated after the same lesion in the center median nucleus. However, after such lesions type VII synapses are much more frequently degenerated in the putamen than those of type IV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235716
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Termination of cortical afferents on identified neurons in the caudate nucleus of the cat (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 41 (1981), S. 329-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Caudate nucleus ; Golgi/EM ; Corticocaudate projection ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A combined Golgi/electron microscopic technique was used to investigate the fine structure and synaptology of Golgi-stained spiny neurons in the caudate nucleus of the cat. In order to study the termination sites of cortical afferents on Golgistained spiny neurons, cortical fibres were caused to degenerate by making extensive cortical lesions 3 days prior to fixation of the animals. When examined in the electron microscope, perikarya of labelled spiny neurons have a round nucleus, a few mitochondria and microtubules, and a poorly developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Only rarely are axo-somatic contacts seen. Labelled dendrites exhibit a moderate number of microtubules and sometimes elongated mitochondria. Numerous labelled spines are seen in the vicinity of their parent dendrites. They are contacted by smaller type I and type III boutons and larger type IV boutons (Hassler et al. 1978). Large boutons filled with clear round vesicles establish symmetric contacts with labelled dendritic shafts. Degenerating boutons of cortical afferents are seen in contact with spines and, more rarely, with dendritic shafts of Golgi-stained spiny neurons. All degenerating boutons synapsing with labelled structures are found some distance from the cell body. No contacts of degenerating cortical boutons with the soma or with stem dendrites of Golgi-stained spiny neurons are found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238890
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pentoxifylline on cytokine levels and inflammatory parameters in septic shock (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 888-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Pentoxifylline ; Septic shock ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on cytokines and inflammatory proteins in patients suffering from septic shock. Design Prospective study comparing a therapy group to a matched control group. Setting Medical intensive care unit at a university hospital. Patients Twenty four patients fulfilling the criteria of septic shock were included in this study. Twelve patients received PTX (therapy group) and 12 patients matched for diagnosis, age and gender served as the control group. Interventions Pentoxifylline at 1 mg/kg per hour over 24 h in the therapy group. Measurements ad results Cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)], soluble TNF receptor [TNF-R], and interleukin-6 [IL-6] and inflammatory proteins [C-reactive protein, α-1-antitrypsin (AAT), fibronectin, and haptoglobin], as well as hemodynamic parameters and the APACHE III score were evaluated before initiation of therapy and 24 h later. After 24 h, TNF levels were significantly lower in the therapy group (p=0.013), while IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the therapy group (p=0.030). Within the 24 h TNF declined significantly in the therapy group (p=0.006), while IL-6 showed a significant increase (p=0.043). AAT and the APACHE III score tended to differ significantly after 24 h between the groups [AAT levels higher in the therapy group (p=0.05), APACHE III score lower (p=0.05)]. In the therapy group, the systemic vascular resistance index was significantly higher after 24 h (p=0.0026) whereas the cardiac index declined (p=0.035). Conclusions PTX does influence TNF levels in septic shock patients. Nevertheless, inhibiting a single mediator in severe septic shock cannot stop the inflammatory overreaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044112
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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