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  • Medicine  (18)
  • XA 52760  (18)
  • 1
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 1 ( 2021-01-01), p. 66-78
    Abstract: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 7 ( 2021-03-01), p. 807-821
    Abstract: We sought to investigate clinical outcomes of relapsed medulloblastoma and to compare molecular features between patient-matched diagnostic and relapsed tumors. METHODS Children and infants enrolled on either SJMB03 (NCT00085202) or SJYC07 (NCT00602667) trials who experienced medulloblastoma relapse were analyzed for clinical outcomes, including anatomic and temporal patterns of relapse and postrelapse survival. A largely independent, paired molecular cohort was analyzed by DNA methylation array and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 72 of 329 (22%) SJMB03 and 52 of 79 (66%) SJYC07 patients experienced relapse with significant representation of Group 3 and wingless tumors. Although most patients exhibited some distal disease (79%), 38% of patients with sonic hedgehog tumors experienced isolated local relapse. Time to relapse and postrelapse survival varied by molecular subgroup with longer latencies for patients with Group 4 tumors. Postrelapse radiation therapy among previously nonirradiated SJYC07 patients was associated with long-term survival. Reirradiation was only temporizing for SJMB03 patients. Among 127 patients with patient-matched tumor pairs, 9 (7%) experienced subsequent nonmedulloblastoma CNS malignancies. Subgroup (96%) and subtype (80%) stabilities were largely maintained among the remainder. Rare subgroup divergence was observed from Group 4 to Group 3 tumors, which is coincident with genetic alterations involving MYC, MYCN, and FBXW7. Subgroup-specific patterns of alteration were identified for driver genes and chromosome arms. CONCLUSION Clinical behavior of relapsed medulloblastoma must be contextualized in terms of up-front therapies and molecular classifications. Group 4 tumors exhibit slower biological progression. Utility of radiation at relapse is dependent on patient age and prior treatments. Degree and patterns of molecular conservation at relapse vary by subgroup. Relapse tissue enables verification of molecular targets and identification of occult secondary malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 35 ( 2021-12-10), p. 3938-3958
    Abstract: This guideline updates recommendations of the ASCO guideline on chemotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) that is either endocrine-pretreated or hormone receptor (HR)–negative. METHODS An Expert Panel conducted a targeted systematic literature review guided by a signals approach to identify new, potentially practice-changing data that might translate into revised guideline recommendations. RESULTS The Expert Panel reviewed abstracts from the literature review and retained 14 articles. RECOMMENDATIONS Patients with triple-negative, programmed cell death ligand-1–positive MBC may be offered the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor to chemotherapy as first-line therapy. Patients with triple-negative, programmed cell death ligand-1–negative MBC should be offered single-agent chemotherapy rather than combination chemotherapy as first-line treatment, although combination regimens may be offered for life-threatening disease. Patients with triple-negative MBC who have received at least two prior therapies for MBC should be offered treatment with sacituzumab govitecan. Patients with triple-negative MBC with germline BRCA mutations previously treated with chemotherapy may be offered a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor rather than chemotherapy. Patients with HR-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative MBC for whom chemotherapy is being considered should be offered single–agent chemotherapy rather than combination chemotherapy, although combination regimens may be offered for highly symptomatic or life-threatening disease. Patients with HR-positive MBC with disease progression on an endocrine agent may be offered treatment with either endocrine therapy with or without targeted therapy or single-agent chemotherapy. Patients with HR-positive MBC with germline BRCA mutations no longer benefiting from endocrine therapy may be offered a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor rather than chemotherapy. No recommendation regarding when a patient's care should be transitioned to hospice or best supportive care alone is possible. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 41, No. 16_suppl ( 2023-06-01), p. TPS2667-TPS2667
    Abstract: TPS2667 Background: KRAS-mutated tumors are notoriously difficult to treat clinically with targeted therapies. Recent advances targeting KRAS G12C with sotorasib and adagrasib are encouraging but limited to a small subset of patients. NEROFE is a 14 amino acid peptide which inhibits suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2; member of the interleukin 1 [IL-1] receptor family and IL-33 receptor), a novel immune checkpoint present on tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. ST2 blockade with NEROFE has been shown to transform an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immune-stimulatory microenvironment. NEROFE also has been shown to induce microRNA miR-217 which downregulates KRAS and MAPK1/2 gene expression in preclinical models. When combined with low-dose doxorubicin, NEROFE has a synergistic effect on inducing apoptosis in KRAS-mutated, ST2-positive cell lines and xenograft models. Methods: This is a phase I trial of NEROFE given at 48 mg/m 2 (dose level [DL] -1), 96 mg/m 2 (DL1), 192 mg/m 2 (DL2), or 288 mg/m 2 (DL3) IV weekly with doxorubicin 8 mg/m 2 IV weekly. A standard 3+3 dose escalation/de-escalation is used. The primary objective is to determine the recommended phase II dose. Patients are eligible if they have an advanced solid tumor with a KRAS mutation and ST2-positivity (via immunohistochemistry [IHC], centrally confirmed with pre-screening allowed). Patients must have measurable disease amenable to serial biopsy. Patients must have had progression or intolerance to all standard therapies or must decline available standard therapy. Pharmacokinetic profiles will be analyzed from serial blood draws pre- and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours post-infusion on cycle 1 day and cycle 2 day 1. Pre- and on-treatment tumor biopsies are mandatory. Correlative studies include IHC for ST2 expression, immune cell infiltration and blood-based analyses of KRAS mRNA, miR-217, and cytokines. Enrollment to DL1 began in Q1 2023 (NCT05661201). Clinical trial information: NCT05661201 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 41, No. 16_suppl ( 2023-06-01), p. 1007-1007
    Abstract: 1007 Background: In metastatic breast cancer (MBC), oral capecitabine prescribed at the FDA approved dose of 1250 mg/m 2 twice daily, 14 days on followed by 7 days off, is associated with poor tolerance and high discontinuation rates. Mathematical models suggest a fixed dose, dose dense (7 days on, 7 days off) schedule may be optimal for capecitabine efficacy. We conducted a randomized trial to compare the efficacy and tolerability of fixed-dose capecitabine, 1500 mg twice daily, 7 days on, 7 days off (FD) to the FDA approved dose and schedule (SD). Methods: Females with MBC and any prior lines of endocrine therapy or chemotherapy were included. HER-2 positive patients were allowed with concurrent trastuzumab. Patients were stratified by line of chemotherapy (first or subsequent), measurable disease, and ER status, and randomized 1:1 to either FD or SD. The primary endpoint was 3-month progression free survival (PFS). Additional endpoints included PFS and overall survival (OS). Capecitabine related toxicities were solicited and graded at each visit. Results: Between October 2015 and April 2021, 153 patients were enrolled (N=80 FD, N=73 SD) . 78% were hormone receptor positive/HER-2 negative, 11% each were HER-2 positive and triple negative. The 3-month PFS was 76% in the FD arm and 76% in the SD arm (HR=1.01; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.94; p=0.99). Landmark analysis of PFS at 12, 24 and 36 months is reported. Non-proportional hazards were detected, so restricted mean survival time (RMST) was used to report estimates of effect. PFS (restricted mean) at 36 months was 13.9 months in the FD arm versus 14.6 months in the SD arm (hazard ratio for progression or death, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.15; p=0.24). OS (restricted mean) at 36 months was 21.2 months in the FD arm versus 19.6 months in the SD arm (hazard ratio for death, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.81; p=0.27). Toxicity related treatment discontinuation occurred in 21 patients (28.8%) in the SD arm compared to 6 patients (7.5%) in the FD arm (p 〈 0.0006). Grade 2-4 toxicities (Table) occurred more frequently in patients receiving SD capecitabine (49.3%) as compared to FD capecitabine (25.0%) (p=0.0018). Conclusions: Fixed dose capecitabine (1500 mg twice daily) on a 7/7 schedule has less toxicity and similar survival when compared to standard BSA-based dosing on a 14/7 schedule in MBC. Clinical trial information: NCT02595320 . [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 31, No. 15_suppl ( 2013-05-20), p. 1100-1100
    Abstract: 1100 Background: Neoadjuvant therapy is commonly used in operable breast cancer. We prospectively evaluated the surgical complications in a cohort of patients who underwent mastectomy following neoadjuvant doxorubucin hydrochloride/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel (AC/T) plus bevacizumab and compared the rate of complications to a matched cohort of neoadjuvant AC/T without bevacizumab. Methods: One hundred patients with HER2-negative breast cancer enrolled in a single-arm trial of neoadjuvant AC/T plus bevacizumab (cohort 1), 60 of these patients underwent mastectomy and were matched with 59 patients who received standard neoadjuvant AC/T (cohort 2) over a similar time period in the same healthcare system. All patients underwent mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare complication rates, with a p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Patients were matched well in terms of demographics. The overall complication rate was 33% in cohort 1 and 31% in cohort 2 (P-value=0.84; Table). In cohort 1, 7 of 23 (30%) patients who underwent immediate expander/implant reconstruction had complications, including 2 patients who had explantation of their reconstructions. In cohort 2, 0 of 8 (0%) had complications (p value=0.15). Conclusions: Nearly a third of patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy with AC/T with or without bevacizumab developed a postoperative complication after mastectomy. The use of bevacizumab was not associated with a significant increase in surgical complications, although this is a non-randomized data with a small sample size. As larger data sets become available with the use of neoadjuvant bevacizumab with mastectomy, further refinement may be necessary. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 7
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 26, No. 12 ( 2008-04-20), p. 1965-1971
    Abstract: Patients with early-stage, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer have considerable residual risk for recurrence after completing 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. In May 2001, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) initiated accrual to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the steroidal aromatase inhibitor exemestane as extended adjuvant therapy in this setting. Patients and Methods Postmenopausal patients with clinical T 1-3 N 1 M 0 breast cancer who were disease free after 5 years of tamoxifen were randomly assigned to 5 years of exemestane (25 mg/d orally) or 5 years of placebo. Our primary aim was to test whether exemestane prolongs disease-free survival (DFS). In October 2003, results of National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) MA.17 showing benefit from adjuvant letrozole in this setting necessitated termination of accrual to B-33, unblinding, and offering of exemestane to patients in the placebo group. Results At the time of unblinding, 1,598 patients had been randomly assigned; 72% in the exemestane group continued on exemestane and 44% in the placebo group elected to receive exemestane. With 30 months of median follow-up, original exemestane assignment resulted in a borderline statistically significant improvement in 4-year DFS (91% v 89%; relative risk [RR] = 0.68; P = .07) and in a statistically significant improvement in 4-year relapse-free survival (RFS; 96% v 94%; RR = 0.44; P = .004). Toxicity, assessed up to time of unblinding, was acceptable for the adjuvant setting. Conclusion Despite premature closure and crossover to exemestane by a substantial proportion of patients, original exemestane assignment resulted in non–statistically significant improvement in DFS and in statistically significant improvement in RFS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 32, No. 15_suppl ( 2014-05-20), p. 4023-4023
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 30, No. 28 ( 2012-10-01), p. 3468-3477
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 30, No. 28 ( 2012-10-01), p. 3468-3477
    Abstract: The associations between use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetaminophen and breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women are uncertain. We examined these associations with breast cancer, both overall and by molecular subtype. Patients and Methods We observed 84,602 postmenopausal women, free of cancer in 1980, until June 2008 and prospectively collected data on analgesic use, reproductive history, and other lifestyle factors using biennial questionnaires. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. Results We documented 4,734 cases of incident invasive breast cancer. Compared with nonuse of aspirin, multivariable RRs of regular aspirin use (≥ two tablets per week) for more than 20 years were 0.91 for overall breast cancer (95% CI, 0.81 to 1.01; P trend = 0.16), 0.90 for estrogen receptor (ER) –positive progesterone receptor (PR) –positive breast cancer (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.06; P trend = 0.17), and 0.91 for ER-negative PR-negative breast cancer (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.22; P trend = 0.97). Results did not vary appreciably by past or current use, days per week of use, or dosage of use. Use of other NSAIDs and acetaminophen was largely not significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Additionally, use of higher doses of each analgesic (≥ six tablets per week) for more than 10 years was generally not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer, either overall or by subtype. Furthermore, largely no substantial associations were noted for breast cancer molecular subtypes, including luminal A, luminal B, triple negative, basal-like, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) negative, and COX-2 positive. Conclusion Our study suggests that use of aspirin, other NSAIDs, and acetaminophen is not importantly associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, either overall or by specific subtype.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 10
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 31, No. 7 ( 2013-03-01), p. 961-965
    Abstract: To provide recommendations on the follow-up and management of patients with breast cancer who have completed primary therapy with curative intent. Methods To update the 2006 guideline of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), a systematic review of the literature published from March 2006 through March 2012 was completed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library. An Update Committee reviewed the evidence to determine whether the recommendations were in need of updating. Results There were 14 new publications that met inclusion criteria: nine systematic reviews (three included meta-analyses) and five randomized controlled trials. After its review and analysis of the evidence, the Update Committee concluded that no revisions to the existing ASCO recommendations were warranted. Recommendations Regular history, physical examination, and mammography are recommended for breast cancer follow-up. Physical examinations should be performed every 3 to 6 months for the first 3 years, every 6 to 12 months for years 4 and 5, and annually thereafter. For women who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, a post-treatment mammogram should be obtained 1 year after the initial mammogram and at least 6 months after completion of radiation therapy. Thereafter, unless otherwise indicated, a yearly mammographic evaluation should be performed. The use of complete blood counts, chemistry panels, bone scans, chest radiographs, liver ultrasounds, pelvic ultrasounds, computed tomography scans, [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and/or tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 15-3, and CA 27.29) is not recommended for routine follow-up in an otherwise asymptomatic patient with no specific findings on clinical examination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2013
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