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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Human Molecular Genetics Vol. 31, No. R1 ( 2022-10-20), p. R1-R3
    In: Human Molecular Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 31, No. R1 ( 2022-10-20), p. R1-R3
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0964-6906 , 1460-2083
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474816-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Human Molecular Genetics Vol. 29, No. R2 ( 2020-10-20), p. R177-R185
    In: Human Molecular Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 29, No. R2 ( 2020-10-20), p. R177-R185
    Abstract: An individual’s inherited genetic makeup and acquired genomic variants may account for a significant portion of observable variability in therapy efficacy and toxicity. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is the concept that treatments can be modified to account for these differences to increase chances of therapeutic efficacy while minimizing risk of adverse effects. This is particularly applicable to oncology in which treatment may be multimodal. Each tumor type has a unique genomic signature that lends to inclusion of targeted therapy but may be associated with cumulative toxicity, such as cardiotoxicity, and can impact quality of life. A greater understanding of therapeutic agents impacted by PGx and subsequent implementation has the potential to improve outcomes and reduce risk of drug-induced adverse effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0964-6906 , 1460-2083
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474816-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 31, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1900-1912
    Abstract: Because disease-associated microglia (DAM) and disease-associated astrocytes (DAA) are involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we systematically identified molecular networks between DAM and DAA to uncover novel therapeutic targets for AD. Specifically, we develop a network-based methodology that leverages single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing data from both transgenic mouse models and AD patient brains, as well as drug-target network, metabolite-enzyme associations, the human protein–protein interactome, and large-scale longitudinal patient data. Through this approach, we find both common and unique gene network regulators between DAM (i.e., PAK1 , MAPK14 , and CSF1R ) and DAA (i.e., NFKB1 , FOS , and JUN ) that are significantly enriched by neuro-inflammatory pathways and well-known genetic variants (i.e., BIN1 ). We identify shared immune pathways between DAM and DAA, including Th17 cell differentiation and chemokine signaling. Last, integrative metabolite-enzyme network analyses suggest that fatty acids and amino acids may trigger molecular alterations in DAM and DAA. Combining network-based prediction and retrospective case-control observations with 7.2 million individuals, we identify that usage of fluticasone (an approved glucocorticoid receptor agonist) is significantly associated with a reduced incidence of AD (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–0.89, P 〈 1.0 × 10 −8 ). Propensity score–stratified cohort studies reveal that usage of mometasone (a stronger glucocorticoid receptor agonist) is significantly associated with a decreased risk of AD (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.68–0.81, P 〈 1.0 × 10 −8 ) compared to fluticasone after adjusting age, gender, and disease comorbidities. In summary, we present a network-based, multimodal methodology for single-cell/nucleus genomics-informed drug discovery and have identified fluticasone and mometasone as potential treatments in AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051 , 1549-5469
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2017
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 77, No. 11 ( 2017-06-01), p. 2810-2821
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 11 ( 2017-06-01), p. 2810-2821
    Abstract: Massive somatic mutations discovered by large cancer genome sequencing projects provide unprecedented opportunities in the development of precision oncology. However, deep understanding of functional consequences of somatic mutations and identifying actionable mutations and the related drug responses currently remain formidable challenges. Dysfunction of protein posttranslational modification plays critical roles in tumorigenesis and drug responses. In this study, we proposed a novel computational oncoproteomics approach, named kinome-wide network module for cancer pharmacogenomics (KNMPx), for identifying actionable mutations that rewired signaling networks and further characterized tumorigenesis and anticancer drug responses. Specifically, we integrated 746,631 missense mutations in 4,997 tumor samples across 16 major cancer types/subtypes from The Cancer Genome Atlas into over 170,000 carefully curated nonredundant phosphorylation sites covering 18,610 proteins. We found 47 mutated proteins (e.g., ERBB2, TP53, and CTNNB1) that had enriched missense mutations at their phosphorylation sites in pan-cancer analysis. In addition, tissue-specific kinase–substrate interaction modules altered by somatic mutations identified by KNMPx were significantly associated with patient survival. We further reported a kinome-wide landscape of pharmacogenomic interactions by incorporating somatic mutation-rewired signaling networks in 1,001 cancer cell lines via KNMPx. Interestingly, we found that cell lines could highly reproduce oncogenic phosphorylation site mutations identified in primary tumors, supporting the confidence in their associations with sensitivity/resistance of inhibitors targeting EGF, MAPK, PI3K, mTOR, and Wnt signaling pathways. In summary, our KNMPx approach is powerful for identifying oncogenic alterations via rewiring phosphorylation-related signaling networks and drug sensitivity/resistance in the era of precision oncology. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2810–21. ©2017 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 5
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 12 ( 2017-06-15), p. 3280-3292
    Abstract: PIK3CA mutations are associated with resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. We previously showed that HER2+/PIK3CAH1047R transgenic mammary tumors are resistant to the HER2 antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab but respond to PI3K inhibitor buparlisib (TPB). In this study, we identified mechanisms of resistance to combined inhibition of HER2 and PI3K. TPB-resistant tumors were generated by treating HER2+/PIK3CAH1047R tumor-bearing mice long term with the drug combination. RNA sequencing of TPB-resistant tumors revealed that extracellular matrix and cell adhesion genes, including collagen II (Col2a1), were markedly upregulated, accompanied by activation of integrin β1/Src. Cells derived from drug-resistant tumors were sensitive to TBP when grown in vitro, but exhibited resistance when plated on collagen or when reintroduced into mice. Drug resistance was partially reversed by the collagen synthesis inhibitor ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. Inhibition of integrin β1/Src blocked collagen-induced resistance to TPB and inhibited growth of drug-resistant tumors. High collagen II expression was associated with significantly lower clinical response to neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Overall, these data suggest that upregulation of collagen/integrin/Src signaling contributes to resistance to combinatorial HER2 and PI3K inhibition. Cancer Res; 77(12); 3280–92. ©2017 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 210, No. 1_Supplement ( 2023-05-01), p. 157.14-157.14
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 210, No. 1_Supplement ( 2023-05-01), p. 157.14-157.14
    Abstract: Interaction between tumor cells and neurons drives the progression of glioblastoma (GBM), which is characterized by enhanced immunosuppressive myeloid cell accumulation. Our previous results revealed that myeloid-derived suppressor cell subsets (MDSCs) play a critical role in tumorigenesis in a sex-specific manner, with monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs) accumulating in male tumors and granulocytic MDSCs (gMDSCs) correlating with a worse outcome in females. However, host factors governing sex differences in MDSC subset activity remained unknown. Here, we report that gMDSCs express g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor and female gMDSCs respond to GABA by upregulating the antiviral innate immune pathway. Female mice treated with the GABA analogue pregabalin succumbed to disease earlier, consistent with our previous observation that gMDSCs have a central role in GBM progression in females. In contrast, pregabalin treatment had no effect in male mice with tumors or immunocompromised female mice. Assessment of the antiviral response signature revealed that GABA upregulates nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in gMDSCs. Correspondingly, the tumor-accelerating effect of pregabalin was diminished in NOS2 KO female mice. Collectively, these results identify a neuron-immune-cancer communication axis and indicate that GABA alters anti-tumor immune response in a sex-specific manner. These results support the future assessment of GABA pathway inhibitors as potential immunotherapy agents. VeloSano Philanthrophic Funds
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Human Molecular Genetics Vol. 31, No. R1 ( 2022-10-20), p. R105-R113
    In: Human Molecular Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 31, No. R1 ( 2022-10-20), p. R105-R113
    Abstract: Advances and reduction of costs in various sequencing technologies allow for a closer look at variations present in the non-coding regions of the human genome. Correlating non-coding variants with large-scale multi-omic data holds the promise not only of a better understanding of likely causal connections between non-coding DNA and expression of traits but also identifying potential disease-modifying medicines. Genome–phenome association studies have created large datasets of DNA variants that are associated with multiple traits or diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease; yet, the functional consequences of variants, in particular of non-coding variants, remain largely unknown. Recent advances in functional genomics and computational approaches have led to the identification of potential roles of DNA variants, such as various quantitative trait locus (xQTL) techniques. Multi-omic assays and analytic approaches toward xQTL have identified links between genetic loci and human transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic and metabolomic data. In this review, we first discuss the recent development of xQTL from multi-omic findings. We then highlight multimodal analysis of xQTL and genetic data for identification of risk genes and drug targets using Alzheimer’s disease as an example. We finally discuss challenges and future research directions (e.g. artificial intelligence) for annotation of non-coding variants in complex diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0964-6906 , 1460-2083
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474816-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 143, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 2106-2118
    Abstract: Cytogenic testing is routinely applied in most neurological centres for severe paediatric epilepsies. However, which characteristics of copy number variants (CNVs) confer most epilepsy risk and which epilepsy subtypes carry the most CNV burden, have not been explored on a genome-wide scale. Here, we present the largest CNV investigation in epilepsy to date with 10 712 European epilepsy cases and 6746 ancestry-matched controls. Patients with genetic generalized epilepsy, lesional focal epilepsy, non-acquired focal epilepsy, and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy were included. All samples were processed with the same technology and analysis pipeline. All investigated epilepsy types, including lesional focal epilepsy patients, showed an increase in CNV burden in at least one tested category compared to controls. However, we observed striking differences in CNV burden across epilepsy types and investigated CNV categories. Genetic generalized epilepsy patients have the highest CNV burden in all categories tested, followed by developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients. Both epilepsy types also show association for deletions covering genes intolerant for truncating variants. Genome-wide CNV breakpoint association showed not only significant loci for genetic generalized and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients but also for lesional focal epilepsy patients. With a 34-fold risk for developing genetic generalized epilepsy, we show for the first time that the established epilepsy-associated 15q13.3 deletion represents the strongest risk CNV for genetic generalized epilepsy across the whole genome. Using the human interactome, we examined the largest connected component of the genes overlapped by CNVs in the four epilepsy types. We observed that genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy formed disease modules. In summary, we show that in all common epilepsy types, 1.5–3% of patients carry epilepsy-associated CNVs. The characteristics of risk CNVs vary tremendously across and within epilepsy types. Thus, we advocate genome-wide genomic testing to identify all disease-associated types of CNVs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    In: Nature Genetics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 53, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 342-353
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1061-4036 , 1546-1718
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494946-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    In: The American Journal of Human Genetics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 100, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 5-20
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9297
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473813-2
    SSG: 12
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