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  • World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd  (2)
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  • World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd  (2)
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    This Submission is for Special Issue on Underwater Acoustics: Perfectly Matched Layer Technique for Parabolic Equation Models in Ocean Acoustics
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Computational Acoustics Vol. 25, No. 01 ( 2017-03), p. 1650021-
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    In: Journal of Computational Acoustics, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 25, No. 01 ( 2017-03), p. 1650021-
    Abstract: In ocean waveguides, the ocean bottom is usually approximated as a half-space. Thus, there exist no reflection waves at the half-space bottom and condition of radiation at infinity should be satisfied. In numerical solutions like parabolic equation methods, the depth domain has to be truncated, which can generate reflection waves from the truncated ocean bottom. To reduce the effect of reflection waves and to simulate an unbounded ocean bottom accurately, an artificial absorbing layer (ABL) was used. As was demonstrated, an ABL meets well the demand of accuracy in sound field calculation. However, both the sea-bottom layer and the artificial absorbing layer are needed to be set quite thick by using an ABL technique. Fortunately, a PML with several wavelengths can keep similar calculation accuracy with an ABL with dozens of wavelengths. In this paper, perfectly matched layer (PML) techniques for three parabolic equation (PE) models RAM, RAMS and a three-dimensional PE model in underwater acoustics are presented. A key technique of PML “complex coordinate stretching” is used to truncate unbounded domains and to simulate infinity radiation conditions instead of the ABL in those models. The numerical results illustrate that the PML technique is of higher efficiency than the ABL technique at truncating the infinity domain with minimal spurious reflections in PE models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0218-396X , 1793-6489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0218396X16500211
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Astragalus Polysaccharides Attenuate Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2017
    In:  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol. 45, No. 04 ( 2017-01), p. 773-789
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 45, No. 04 ( 2017-01), p. 773-789
    Abstract: Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation functions in a number of diseases. However, their function in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is still unknown. Rats received APS (200[Formula: see text]mg/kg once two days) for 2 weeks after being injected with monocrotaline (MCT; 60[Formula: see text] mg/kg). The pulmonary hemodynamic index, right ventricular hypertrophy, and lung morphological features of the rat models were examined, as well as the NO/eNOS ratio of wet lung and dry lung weight and MPO. A qRT-PCR and p-I[Formula: see text]B was used to assess IL-1[Formula: see text] , IL-6 and TNF-[Formula: see text] and WB was used to detect the total I[Formula: see text] B. Based on these measurements, it was found that APS reversed the MCT-induced increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) (from 32.731[Formula: see text]mmHg to 26.707[Formula: see text] mmHg), decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (from 289.021[Formula: see text]mmHg[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] min/L to 246.351[Formula: see text] mmHg[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]min/L), and reduced right ventricular hypertrophy (from 289.021[Formula: see text] mmHg[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]min/L to 246.351 mmHg[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] min/L) ([Formula: see text]0.05). In terms of pulmonary artery remodeling, the WT% and WA% decreased with the addition of APS. In addition, it was found that APS promoted the synthesis of eNOS and the secretion of NO, promoting vasodilation and APS decreased the MCT-induced elevation of MPO, IL-1[Formula: see text] , IL-6 and TNF-[Formula: see text], reducing inflammation. Furthermore, APS was able to inhibit the activation of pho-I[Formula: see text] B[Formula: see text]. In couclusion, APS ameliorates MCT-induced pulmonary artery hypertension by inhibiting pulmonary arterial remodeling partially via eNOS/NO and NF-[Formula: see text] B signaling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-415X , 1793-6853
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X17500410
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2017
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