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  • World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd  (31)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Galectin-12 is Involved in Corn Silk-Induced Anti-Adipogenesis and Anti-Obesity Effects
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2018
    In:  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol. 46, No. 05 ( 2018-01), p. 1045-1063
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 46, No. 05 ( 2018-01), p. 1045-1063
    Abstract: Obesity is a significant risk factor for various diseases. It is a clinical condition caused by the excessive accumulation of fat, which has a negative impact on human health. Galactin-12 is an adipocyte-expressed protein and possesses adipocyte-inducing activity. We investigated the expression level of candidate proteins involved in galactin-12-mediated adipocyte differentiation pathway. We performed a high-throughput screening assay to monitor galectin-12 promoter activity using 105 traditional Chinese herbs. Corn silk extract and [Formula: see text] -sitosterol reduced the expression of galactin-12 promoter in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, corn silk extract and [Formula: see text]-sitosterol decreased the level of lipid droplets and downregulated the gene and protein expression level of C/EBP[Formula: see text] , C/EBP[Formula: see text], PPAR[Formula: see text] , Ap2, and adipsin in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes via AKT and ERK1/2 inhibition. In vivo study with the oral administration of corn silk extract and [Formula: see text]-sitosterol in a mouse model showed a significant weight reduction and decrease in adipocytes in several organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. Taken together, corn silk extract and [Formula: see text] -sitosterol may effectively reduce pre-adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting galectin-12 activity and exerting anti-obesity effects. These findings highlight the potential use of corn silk extract and [Formula: see text]-sitosterol as potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-415X , 1793-6853
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X18500544
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
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    Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Property of the Methanol Extract from Ligustrum morrisonense Leaves in Rodents
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2011
    In:  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol. 39, No. 02 ( 2011-01), p. 335-348
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 39, No. 02 ( 2011-01), p. 335-348
    Abstract: Ligustrum morrisonense Kaneh and Sasaki (abbreviated as LM), an endemic Ligustrum plant in Taiwan, is similar to Ligustrum lucidum, which is usually used for curing hepatic and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of LM by chemical-induced algesia and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rodents. Its triterpenoid contents were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. LM leaf extracts effectively inhibited writhing responses induced by 1% acetic acid and biphasic-licking responses caused by 1% formalin. LM leaf extract also reduced the edema induced by 1% carrageenan. Furthermore, LM leaf extract reduced the abdominal Evan's blue extravasations caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serotonin, histamine and bradykinin. LM leaf extract has higher contents of amyrin and lupeol among six assayed triterpenoid compounds. In conclusion, LM is a potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory Ligustrum plant, and its anti-inflammatory effects are partially related to decreasing microvascular permeability via inflammatory mediators and inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-415X , 1793-6853
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X11008865
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 3
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    INDIVIDUALLY COMPUTED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE NON-STEMMED ANATOMICAL TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Musculoskeletal Research Vol. 09, No. 01 ( 2005-03), p. 21-33
    Details
    In: Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 09, No. 01 ( 2005-03), p. 21-33
    Abstract: Background: Current total hip prosthesis lack an accurate individualized finite element model to assure an accurate fit, and further require amputation of a possibly healthy femoral neck. Methods: This research presents a new methodology for performing an automated three-dimensional finite element meshing for a new type of total hip prosthesis. The stress analysis for this new design, known as Non-stemmed Anatomical Total Hip Prosthesis, is based on the methodology proposed here. The merit of this method is that the automated meshing process can be produced by using ANSYS software alone, without the need for a complicated, self-developed meshing interface program. Results: This new methodology provides a smooth boundary around the contour of the femur and the interface between the femur and the Non-stemmed Anatomical Total Hip Prosthesis, as well as avoiding additional complications. This newly designed prosthesis involves minimal modification of the intact femoral neck alignment after total hip replacement, provided that the femoral neck is still healthy. The main body of this new prosthesis is a conical-shaped mask that tightly embraces the femoral neck. The bottom skirt of this mask contacts the greater and lesser trochanter in such a way that maintains the mask in the desired position using a screw through the axis of the femoral neck. Finite element stress analysis is performed to compare the stress distribution of the intact femur and the femur after implantation of the Non-stemmed Anatomical Total Hip Prosthesis. Conclusions: Hopefully, this new prosthesis will be the method of choice for patients who have healthy femoral necks, but sick femoral heads. Further research can focus on applying this new methodology to other bone structures. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0218-9577 , 1793-6497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0218957705001424
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 4
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    SEROPREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS IN FARMED GOATS IN CENTRAL-SOUTHERN TAIWAN
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2018
    In:  Taiwan Veterinary Journal Vol. 44, No. 04 ( 2018-12), p. 189-196
    Details
    In: Taiwan Veterinary Journal, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 44, No. 04 ( 2018-12), p. 189-196
    Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are Gram positive, aerobic, acid-fast, catalase positive bacteria. The Johne’s disease, caused by MAP, is a wasting disease found in all ruminants including cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wildlife ruminants. MAP has attracted hygienic attention due to the link between Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans and MAP presence in the gut of patients. The aims of this study are to investigate and monitor the serological prevalence and molecular identification rate of MAP in caprine feces and verify the MAP-negative goat farms in central-southern Taiwan. A total of 8486 blood samples were randomly collected between the years 2011 and 2015 from 321 caprine farms. The serum samples were assessed by commercial ELISA while 3015 fecal samples from 201 anti-MAP antibodies (MAP-Ab) negative herds were further molecularly examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from year 2014 to 2015. The individual seroprevalence rate of caprine MAP in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was 0% (0/1032), 0% (0/429), 0% (0/1402), 0.14% (4/2917) and 0.07% (2/2706), respectively. Molecular identification rate of MAP in caprine fecal samples at MAP-Ab negative farms accounted for 0.92% (14/1515) and 0.93 (14/1500), respectively, in the years 2014 and 2015. Meanwhile, there was no association between the MAP seroprevalence and the sampling regions or years at farm or individual level. The seroprevalence data revealed in this study highlighted the rising prevalence of caprine MAP and the link of MAP to farmed ruminant species and its possible implications in hygienic aspects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1682-6485 , 2382-5588
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S1682648518500087
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2018
    SSG: 22
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  • 5
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    Protective Effect of Propolis Ethanol Extract on Ethanol-Induced Renal Toxicity: An in Vivo Study
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2005
    In:  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol. 33, No. 05 ( 2005-01), p. 779-786
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 33, No. 05 ( 2005-01), p. 779-786
    Abstract: Acute p.o. administration of absolute ethanol (10 ml/kg) to fasted mice would produce extensive renal failure. Pretreatment with p.o. administration of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) could prevent such renal failure effectively and dose dependently. This renal protective effect of PEE may be contributed, at least in part, to its antioxidative activity. The maximal antioxidative effect against absolute ethanol (AE)-induced renal failure could be observed 1 hour after PEE administration. In order to further investigate the renal protective mechanism of PEE, lipid peroxidation and superoxide scavenging activity were conducted in vivo. PEE exhibited dose-dependent antioxidative effects on lipid peroxidation in mice renal homogenate. Results indicated that mice with acute renal failure have higher malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with those in PEE administered mice. It was concluded that the renal protective mechanism of PEE could be contributed, at least in part, to its prominent superoxide scavenging effect; hence, it could protect, indirectly, the kidney from superoxide-induced renal damages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-415X , 1793-6853
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X05003363
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 6
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    Cytoprotection by Propolis Ethanol Extract of Acute Absolute Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Lesions
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2002
    In:  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol. 30, No. 02n03 ( 2002-01), p. 245-254
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 30, No. 02n03 ( 2002-01), p. 245-254
    Abstract: Acute p.o. administration of absolute ethanol (1.0 ml/kg) to fasted rats produced extensive necrosis of gastric mucosa. Pretreatment with p.o. administration of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) could effectively and dose-dependently prevent such necrosis. This protective effect is called "cytoprotection." The maximal cytoprotective effect against absolute ethanol (AE)-induced gastric mucosal lesion was observed 1 hour after PEE administration. A gross examination of the gastric mucosa showed a marked improvement in groups receiving PEE. In order to further investigate the gastric protective mechanism of PEE, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in vivo and in vitro were estimated. PEE exhibited dose-dependent superoxide scavenging activity and antioxidant effects on AE-induced LPO in rat gastric mucosal homogenates. It was concluded that the gastric protective mechanism of PEE was due, at least in part, to its ability to inhibit LPO, and hence indirectly protect the gastric mucosa from oxidative stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-415X , 1793-6853
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X02000387
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 7
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    DEVELOPMENTS, MECHANICAL PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS AND STRENGTH EVALUATIONS OF THE WRIST BRACES FOR THE WRIST FRACTURE PATIENTS
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology Vol. 19, No. 02 ( 2019-03), p. 1940021-
    Details
    In: Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 19, No. 02 ( 2019-03), p. 1940021-
    Abstract: In this paper, the wrist braces for the wrist fracture patients are developed. Geometry of the patient’s wrist surface anatomy was digitalized and recorded by an optical 3D scanner. An expert software was developed to generate the brace model, on which several holes are distributed to increase the air permeability. Finally, the brace is fabricated by commercial FDM 3D printer. For ensuring the strength of the wrist brace, the tensile test and impact test were conducted to measure the elastic modulus, yielding strength and fracture strength. A finite element model was established to investigate the stresses and deformations when the wrist brace is subjected to a static load. The mechanical properties measured in the tensile tests are as input parameters in the model. The static analysis showed that, for four considered movements of the wrist, the maximum von-Mises stress is less than the yielding strength. An impact analysis was also conducted to simulate brace impacted by a moving rigid ball with a mass of 0.3768[Formula: see text]kg. The results showed that the deformation at the impact point remains in the elastic range when the impact speed is 3[Formula: see text] m/s. The finite element calculations give us rules to design the number of holes and the thickness of the brace.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0219-5194 , 1793-6810
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219519419400219
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
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    Analgesic Effect of Electric Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves with Different Electric Frequencies Using the Formalin Test
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2000
    In:  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol. 28, No. 02 ( 2000-01), p. 291-299
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 28, No. 02 ( 2000-01), p. 291-299
    Abstract: Although electroacupuncture (EA) has been widely used to treat pain, the optimal frequency of EA therapy remains unclear. The study sought to determine the effect of different EA frequencies in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of pain. Electric stimulation (ES) at frequencies of 2 Hz, 15 Hz or 100 Hz was applied to the ipsilateral or contralateral sciatic nerve of the injected hindpaw of SD rats. Formalin (50 μl, 5%) was subcutaneously injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw to induce a nociceptive response. Behavior, including licking and biting, was observed to have two distinct periods, an early phase during the first 5 mins and a late phase from 21-35 mins after injection. The total biting or licking count served as an Indicator of nociceptive response. Our results indicate that ES of the ipsilateral sciatic nerve at a frequency of 2 Hz or 15 Hz reduced the nociceptive responses in both the early and the late phases of the formalin test, whereas ES at 2 Hz had greater antinociceptive effect than ES at 15 Hz in the early phase. No similar analgesic effect in the early phase was observed for ES at 100 Hz. Both pretreatment with ES at 2 Hz and naloxone (3 mg/kg, s.c.) produced a greater antinociceptive response in the late phase than when ES at 2 Hz was delivered immediately after formalin administration. In addition, ES of the neck muscle or contralateral sciatic nerve at a frequency of 2 Hz also decreased licking and biting activity in both phases. The results of this study indicate that different analgesic mechanisms are involved in the response to ES at frequencies of 2 Hz, 15 Hz and 100 Hz, and that ES at 2 Hz has a greater analgesic effect on formalin-induced nociceptive response, especially when it is delivered prior to the onset of pain. The analgesic effect of ES may be mediated via a central origin in the supraspinal level. These findings suggest that 2 Hz may be a good frequency selection for clinical EA applications in analgesia, and that pretreatment with EA at 2 Hz may be an effective method to treat post-operative pain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-415X , 1793-6853
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X00000349
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 9
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    Gastrodia elata BL Mediates the Suppression of nNOS and Microglia Activation to Protect Against Neuronal Damage in Kainic Acid-Treated Rats
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2005
    In:  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol. 33, No. 04 ( 2005-01), p. 599-611
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 33, No. 04 ( 2005-01), p. 599-611
    Abstract: Our previous studies showed that Gastrodia elata (GE), an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, has both anti-convulsive and free radical-scavenging activities in kainic acid (KA)-treated rats. The aim of the present study was to further investigate possible physiological mechanisms of GE against activities of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and microglia in KA-treated rats; 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg of GE extract were administered orally, whereas 20 mg/kg of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was administered intraperitoneally (ip), both at 30 minutes prior to KA (2 μg/2 μl) being injected into the right hippocampus region of rats. ED1-staining, apoptotic, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nNOS-staining cells were observed in the hippocampus region. The results indicated that 1.0 g/kg of GE and 20 mg/kg of L-NAME reduced the counts of ED1-stained cells, and 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg of GE, and 20 mg/kg of L-NAME reduced the numbers of apoptotic cells and nNOS-staining cells. In addition, 20 mg/kg of L-NAME also reduced the numbers of iNOS-staining cells, but 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg of GE did not. This study demonstrated that GE was able to reduce nNOS, microglia activation and apoptosis, suggesting that GE has a protective effect against neuronal damage in KA-treated rats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-415X , 1793-6853
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X0500320X
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 10
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    Casticin Induced Apoptosis in A375.S2 Human Melanoma Cells through the Inhibition of NF-κB and Mitochondria-Dependent Pathways In Vitro and Inhibited Human Melanoma Xenografts in a Mouse Model In Vivo
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2016
    In:  The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Vol. 44, No. 03 ( 2016-01), p. 637-661
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 44, No. 03 ( 2016-01), p. 637-661
    Abstract: Casticin, a polymethoxyflavone occurring in natural plants, has been shown to have anticancer activities. In the present study, we aims to investigate the anti-skin cancer activity of casticin on melanoma cells in vitro and the antitumor effect of casticin on human melanoma xenografts in nu/nu mice in vivo. A flow cytometric assay was performed to detect expression of viable cells, cell cycles, reactive oxygen species production, levels of [Formula: see text] and caspase activity. A Western blotting assay and confocal laser microscope examination were performed to detect expression of protein levels. In the in vitro studies, we found that casticin induced morphological cell changes and DNA condensation and damage, decreased the total viable cells, and induced G2/M phase arrest. Casticin promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased the level of [Formula: see text] , and promoted caspase-3 activities in A375.S2 cells. The induced G2/M phase arrest indicated by the Western blotting assay showed that casticin promoted the expression of p53, p21 and CHK-1 proteins and inhibited the protein levels of Cdc25c, CDK-1, Cyclin A and B. The casticin-induced apoptosis indicated that casticin promoted pro-apoptotic proteins but inhibited anti-apoptotic proteins. These findings also were confirmed by the fact that casticin promoted the release of AIF and Endo G from mitochondria to cytosol. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assay showed that casticin inhibited the NF-[Formula: see text]B binding DNA and that these effects were time-dependent. In the in vivo studies, results from immuno-deficient nu/nu mice bearing the A375.S2 tumor xenograft indicated that casticin significantly suppressed tumor growth based on tumor size and weight decreases. Early G2/M arrest and mitochondria-dependent signaling contributed to the apoptotic A375.S2 cell demise induced by casticin. In in vivo experiments, A375.S2 also efficaciously suppressed tumor volume in a xenotransplantation model. Therefore, casticin might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin cancer in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-415X , 1793-6853
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X1650035X
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2016
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