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  • World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd  (15)
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  • World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd  (15)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BEAM DAMAGE OF CELLULAR SAMPLES IN IN-AIR MICRO PIXE ANALYSIS
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2004
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 14, No. 03n04 ( 2004-01), p. 75-81
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 14, No. 03n04 ( 2004-01), p. 75-81
    Abstract: The change of shape and elemental concentration of cellular samples in In-Air micro PIXE analysis was investigated. Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were analyzed in the atmosphere by using 2.6 MeV proton micro-beams. The shape of cross-sections of cells was not so much distorted by beam irradiation and the concentrations of trace elements did not change too, except for S. The concentration of S changed with strongly depending on the temperature rise due to beam irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083504000124
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN-AIR ON/OFF AXIS STIM SYSTEM FOR QUANTITATIVE ELEMENTAL MAPPING
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2006
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 16, No. 03n04 ( 2006-01), p. 149-156
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 16, No. 03n04 ( 2006-01), p. 149-156
    Abstract: We have developed an in-air on/off axis STIM for simultaneous density mapping with PIXE and RBS, which will be useful for damage-monitoring in cell analysis and for yield correction based on the thickness distribution of X-ray self-absorption in samples. The in-air on/off axis STIM system provides a mass concentration map in the cell analysis. In the system, a thin scattering foil is placed downstream of the sample and scattered protons are detected by a Si -PIN photodiode set at 30 degrees with respect to the beam axis. These components are set in a He -gas-filled chamber to reduce energy loss, scattering and sample damage. Using this system, areal density mapping is carried out for RBL-2H3 cells simultaneously with PIXE and RBS. Correction for self-absorption is performed and areal density map of elements is converted into a mass-concentration map using the measured matrix density. The areal density distribution of P corresponds to that of matrix and mass concentration of P is uniform in the cell region. On the other hand, Br is concentrated in the nucleus, even in the mass concentration map. The Br accumulation in the nucleus is first confirmed in mass concentration using the on/off axis STIM and PIXE system. The in-air on/off STIM system will be effective for monitoring changes in cell density during beam irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083506000939
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    INCREASING ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF CHEMORADIOTHERAPY BY DRUG EFFLUX INHIBITION WITH ENCAPSULATED ANTI-RLIP-76
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2011
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 21, No. 01n02 ( 2011-01), p. 39-46
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 21, No. 01n02 ( 2011-01), p. 39-46
    Abstract: Microencapsulated anti-RLIP76 was tested in vivo using C 3 He / J mice to determine the increasing of antitumor effects by chemotherapeutic agent efflux inhibition during chemoradiotherapy. Microcapsules were produced by spraying a mixture of 3.0% hyaluronic acid, 2.0% alginate, 3.0% H 2 O 2 , and 0.3 mmol carboplatin onto a mixture of 0.3 mol FeCl 2 and 0.15 mol CaCl 2 . Microcapsules were subcutaneously injected into MM46 tumors previously inoculated into the left hind legs of C 3 He / J mice. Subsequent radiotherapy consisted of tumor irradiation with 10 Gy or 20 Gy 60 Co . The antitumor effects of microcapsules were tested by measuring tumor size and monitoring tumor growth. Three types of adverse effects were considered: fuzzy hair, loss of body weight, and mortality. Carboplatin levels were monitored using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and a micro-PIXE camera. Anti-RLIP76 inhibited the efflux of carboplatin from tumor tissue, which led to an increase in the concentration of carboplatin. Higher carboplatin concentration significantly increased the combined antitumor effect of radiation and chemotherapy. A significant decrease in adverse effects was also observed with microencapsulated anti-RLIP76.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083511002148
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A SiGe HBT IC CHIPSET for40- Gb/s OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2003
    In:  International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems Vol. 13, No. 01 ( 2003-03), p. 239-263
    Details
    In: International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 13, No. 01 ( 2003-03), p. 239-263
    Abstract: Using a 0.2-μm self-aligned epitaxial-growth silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology, we have developed a chipset for 40-Gb/s time-division multiplexing optical transmission systems. In this paper, we describe seven analog and digital ICs: a 45-GHz bandwidth transimpedance amplifier, a 48.7-GHz bandwidth automatic-gain-controllable amplifier, a 40-Gb/s decision circuit, a 40-Gb/s full-wave rectifier, a 40-Gb/s limiting amplifier with a 32-dB gain, a 45-Gb/s 1:4 demultiplexer, and a 45-Gb/s 4:1 multiplexer. To increase bandwidth of the transimpedance amplifier, a common-base input stage is introduced. In order to have high gain and wide bandwidth simultaneously, active load circuits composed of a differential transimpedance amplifier are used for the AGC amplifier, the limiting amplifier, and the decision circuit. Full-rate clocking is employed to reduce the influence caused by clock-duty variation in digital circuits such as the decision circuit, the demultiplexer, and the multiplexer. All ICs were characterized by using on-wafer probes, and some of them were built in brass-packages for bit-error rate measurement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-1564 , 1793-6438
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129156403001594
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE LOCALIZATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS OBSERVED BY THE MICRO PIXE CAMERA
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2004
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 14, No. 03n04 ( 2004-01), p. 83-87
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 14, No. 03n04 ( 2004-01), p. 83-87
    Abstract: The method to observe the localization of the trace elements in cultured human cell, by the micro Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) camera, was developed. The analyzed samples received the eosin staining, which colored the nucleus of cell violet. The scanned areas of the sample with particle irradiation were colored brown by the heat during irradiation. The brown scanned areas were examined by an optical microscope at 400 X magnification and photographed. Then the photo was digitized and loaded into the microcomputer. By microcomputer, the photo of the scanned area was superimposed onto the image of the micro PIXE camera, by matching the scanned area to the image of micro PIXE camera. This superimposed image enabled us to determine whether the elements exists in cytosol, or in nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083504000136
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    INVESTIGATION ON THE INFLUENCE OF BACK SCATTERED PROTONS IN PIXE SPECTRUM
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2001
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 11, No. 01n02 ( 2001-01), p. 49-59
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 11, No. 01n02 ( 2001-01), p. 49-59
    Abstract: The pre-amplifier with an active reset system was examined to carry out PIXE analysis under the condition that X-rays and back scattered protons are detected simultaneously. Rejection of false signals produced by back scattered protons is discussed, and it is confirmed that false signals can be completely rejected by using an inhibit signal of the preamplifier. Energy resolution of an X-ray detector and a live-time of measurement system were measured as a function of counting rate. As a result, energy resolution did not change and the live-time was 70 % at the high counting rate over 3kcps. The pile-up effect on the X-ray signal with the proton signal tail is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083501000086
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    THE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF IgE -SENSITIZED RBL-2H3 CELLS USING IN-AIR MICRO-PIXE
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2004
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 14, No. 01n02 ( 2004-01), p. 27-33
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 14, No. 01n02 ( 2004-01), p. 27-33
    Abstract: Rat basophilic leukaemia cells (RBL-2H3) were analyzed by in air micro-PIXE analysis to investigate the relationship between the distribution of elements and histamine release in immune system. RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with monoclonal immunoglobuline E ( IgE ) and stimulated with antigen. In the stimulated cells, it is understood that the level of Ca 2+ increases in cytoplasm and then the degranulation or the release of chemical mediators occur. In this study, stimulated RBL-2H3 cells with antigen and control cells were analyzed. After the stimulation, the Na in the cells was increased. Moreover some stimulated cells showed the characteristic distribution of sulfur that is not accompany with the distribution of phosphorus. In the same measurement, the aggregations of Na , Ca , Fe , and Zn were observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083504000069
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IMPROVEMENT OF RADIOSENSITIVE LIQUID-CORE MICROCAPSULES BY YTTRIUM POLYMERIZATION
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2007
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 17, No. 01n02 ( 2007-01), p. 33-40
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 17, No. 01n02 ( 2007-01), p. 33-40
    Abstract: Microcapsules comprising alginate and hyaluronic acid that can be decomposed by radiation are under development. Previously, we observed that radiation efficiently decomposes microcapsules comprising alginate and hyaluronic acid in the ratio 2:1 by weight. In this study, Yttrium ( Y ) was added to these microcapsules to improve their decomposition by radiation. Hyaluronic acid solutions (0.1% weight/volume) were mixed into 0.2% alginate solution, and carboplatin (0.2 mmol) was added; the resultant was used for capsule preparation. Capsules were prepared by spraying the material into mixtures of 4.34% CaCl 2 solution supplemented with Y at final concentrations from 0 to 1.0 × 10 −2 %. These capsules were irradiated by a single dose of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2 Gy with 60 Co γ-rays. Immediately after irradiation, we observed the release of the core contents of the microcapsule using a micro Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) camera. The mean diameter of the microcapsules was 37.3 ± 7.8 μm . Maximum content of radiation-induced release was observed for liquid-core microcapsules prepared by polymerization in a 4.34% CaCl 2 solution supplemented with 5.5 × 10 −3 % Y .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083507001071
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IMPROVED RADIOSENSITIVE MICROCAPSULES USING H 2 O 2
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2010
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 20, No. 01n02 ( 2010-01), p. 29-36
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 20, No. 01n02 ( 2010-01), p. 29-36
    Abstract: The radiation-induced releasing of the liquid-core of the microcapsules was improved using H 2 O 2 , which produced O 2 generation of H 2 O 2 after irradiation. Further, we tested whether these microcapsules enhanced the antitumor effects and decreased the adverse effects in vivo in C3He / J mice. The capsules were produced by spraying a mixture of 3.0% hyaluronic acid, 2.0% alginate, 3.0% H 2 O 2 , and 0.3 mmol of carboplatin on a mixture of 0.3 mol FeCl 2 and 0.15 mol CaCl 2 . The microcapsules were subcutaneously injected into MM46 tumors that had been inoculated in the left hind legs of C3He / J mice. The radiotherapy comprised tumor irradiation with 10 Gy or 20 Gy 60 Co . The antitumor effect of the microcapsules was tested by measuring tumor size and monitoring tumor growth. Three types of adverse effects were considered: fuzzy hair, loss of body weight, and death. The size of the capsule size was 23 ± 2.4 µ m ɸ and that of the liquid core, 20.2 ± 2.2 µ m ɸ. The injected microcapsules localized drugs around the tumor. The production of O 2 by radiation increased the release of carboplatin from the microcapsules. The antitumor effects of radiation, carboplatin, and released oxygen were synergistic. Localization of the carboplatin decreased its adverse effects. However, the H 2 O 2 caused ulceration of the skin in the treated area. The use of our microcapsules enhanced the antitumor effects and decreased the adverse effects of carboplatin. However, the skin-ulceration caused by H 2 O 2 must be considered before these microcapsules can be used clinically.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083510001938
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IN-AIR MICRO-PIXE ANALYSIS OF TISSUE SAMPLES
    World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd ; 2002
    In:  International Journal of PIXE Vol. 12, No. 03n04 ( 2002-01), p. 79-83
    Details
    In: International Journal of PIXE, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, Vol. 12, No. 03n04 ( 2002-01), p. 79-83
    Abstract: Micro-PIXE is capable of providing spatial distributions of elements in the micro-meter scale and its application to biology is useful to elucidate the cellular metabolism. Since, in this method, a sample target is usually irradiated with proton or α-particle beams in vacuum, beam heating results in evaporation of volatile elements and shrinking of the sample. In order to avoid these side effects, we previously developed a technique of in-air micro-PIXE analysis for samples of cultured cells. In addition to these, analysis of exposed tissue samples from living subjects is highly desirable in biological and medical research. Here, we describe a technique of in-air micro-PIXE analysis of such tissue samples. The target samples of exposed tissue slices from a Donryu rat, in which a tumor had been transplanted, were analyzed with proton micro-beams of 2.6 MeV. We report that the shape of cells and the distribution of volatile elements in the tissue sample remain uncharged when using a target preparation based on a freeze-drying method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0129-0835 , 1793-6616
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1142/S0129083502000160
    Language: English
    Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd
    Publication Date: 2002
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