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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 729-735 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: amperometric biosensor ; hypoxanthine ; electropolymerization ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An amperometric biosensor for hypoxanthine was constructed by forming a layer of crosslinked xanthine oxidase on a platinum electrode, followed by electropolymerization of a submonolayer film of resorcinol and para-diaminobenzene. The fabricated electrodes were evaluated for speed of response, sensitivity, and reusability. Optimal performance was obtained with enzyme-based electrodes sparsely covered with film which was formed by electropolymerization in less than 6 min. The resulting electrodes exhibited linear response to hypoxanthine in the. range 5-300 μM with a response time of 2 min. Application of the biosensor in monitoring hypoxanthine content of fish extracts yielded results which agreed well with spectrophotometric assays using soluble xanthine oxidase. The biosensor was stable for 60 days when stored at 4°C in phosphate buffer and it could be used continuously for 6 h with over 50 assays.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 913-923 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Biosensors ; Polymer films ; Enzyme electrodes ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Different types of polymeric films implemented in various capacities in amperometric biosensor design are reviewed. Conducting and nonconductinzg polymer films and composite films are considered. Methods of film fabrication such as solvent casting, electropolymerization, and adsorption are presented. Film function, including prevention of interference and fouling problems, immobilization of the enzyme or active biocomponent, extension of linear range, or to address biocompatibility problems are described. The use of polymeric films as a medium to incorporate mediators, while an important function, is too vast for review here. The applications of polymer film-modified biosensors for selected analytical determinations are also presented. This review focuses upon the use of polymer films in amperometric biosensors and emphasizes innovative biosensor designs and unique applications, and omits traditional free-standing films unless they are coupled with new types of polymer films or used innovatively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 5 (1993), S. 405-411 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Glucose ; Biosensor ; Microelectrode ; Platinization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Miniaturized glucose biosensors were constructed by all-chemical means from disk-shaped carbon ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) (diameter = 8 μm). These ultramicrobiosensors (UMBs) are capable of direct measurement of glucose in the presence of interfering species. Carbon UMEs were partially platinized by the electrochemical reduction of a platinum (IV) complex. Platinization of the carbon UMEs gave an increased current response to hydrogen peroxide and allowed the modified electrode to be operated at a lower oxidative potential. Glucose oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.4.) was immobilized either by glutaraldehyde cross-linking or by direct covalent attachment to the electrode surface using carbodiimide. Response time (100% response) was 15-45 seconds. Response was linear over the range of 3-7 mM glucose. An electropolymerized film of poly(1,3-diaminobenzene) was used to prevent interfering species.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 3 (1991), S. 763-766 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Microdisk and microhole array electrodes were used to construct amperometric glucose biosensors based on the detection of hydrogen peroxide. All-chemical methods such as platinization, glucose oxidase immobilization, and electropolymerization permit electrodes of any size, shape, or surface complexity to be used for biosensors. This also gives the biosensor surface a multifunctional character, where the platinization decreases the operating potential, the immobilized enzyme provides the specificity, and the electropolymerized film prevents interferences and fouling. All of these functions are accomplished in a layer that is about 10 nm thick. The microdisk and microhole biosensors were linear to about 3 mM and 4 mM glucose, respectively, and were accurate, as checked by standard reference serum.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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