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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the determination of the molecular weight of polyethylene with ultrahigh temperature GPC (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ultrahigh or high molecular weights of polyethylenes (PE) and their distributions are for the first time determined at 160° or 170°C by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermostability of PE at high temperatures is discussed. In order to calculate the real molecular weight of PE, a new calibration curve is established. For PE with high molecular weight more reliable and accurate results can be obtained by GPC measurements at these temperatures. The application of ultrahigh temperature GPC for polymer characterization is demonstrated in this paper.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new theoretical formula for the determination of the copolymer composition distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 18 (1997), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new theoretical formula, used for the determination of the chemical composition distribution of copolymers, is proposed in this paper. The composition distribution of styrene in chlorinated butyl rubber/polystyrene comb graft copolymer was obtained by gel permeation chromatography utilising a combination of refractive index and ultraviolet detection. It is a more convenient and time-saving method for the characterization of the molecular structure parameters of a copolymer compared to the conventional experimental method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1997.030180710
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformation of amphiphilic branch chain in copolymer surfactants on interface (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 827-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: conformation ; copolymer surfactant ; amphiphilic branch chain ; oxyethylene segment ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The conformation of amphiphilic branch chain in a new type of copolymer surfactants on interface was studied. The results of laser light scattering demonstrated that the branch chain can only lie on the air/water interface. By means of XPS measurement with variable angles, the molecular conformations in different thickness of the copolymer layer were obtained. Depending on the chemical nature of the copolymer surfactants, the oxyethylene segments of the branch chains will have loop-train, train, or loop molecule conformations on the surface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 827-830, 1997
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Two Aromatic Ester Organoimido Derivatives of Hexamolybdate: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Studies (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Two alkylimido derivatives of hexamolybdate, (Bu 4 N) 2 [Mo 6 O 18 (≡N- o -COOCH 3 C 6 H 4 )] ( 1 ) and (Bu 4 N) 2 [Mo 6 O 18 (≡N- o -COOCH 2 CH 3 C 6 H 4 )] ( 2 ), were synthesized in high purity and good yields by the reaction of [(C 4 H 9 ) 4 N] 4 [α-Mo 8 O 26 ] and methyl anthranilate or ethyl- o -aminobenzoate hydrochloride with N , N ′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent in dry acetonitrile solution, which were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis, and 1 H NMR spectroscopy as well as ESI-MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n with one-dimensional chain structure via intramolecular hydrogen bond. Compound 2 also crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n with dimer structure by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the pairs of cluster anions.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    C5a/C5aR pathway is essential for the pathogenesis of murine viral fulminant hepatitis via potentiating Fgl2/fibroleukin expression (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: Viral fulminant hepatitis (FH) remains a serious clinical problem with very high mortality. Lacking understand of FH pathogenesis has been in essence hindering efficient clinical treatment. Inferring from a correlation observed between the genetic differences in the complement component 5 (C5) and the susceptibility of mouse strains to murine hepatitis virus strain-3 (MHV-3) infections, we propose that excessive complement activation plays a critical role in the development of FH. We show that MHV-3 infection causes massive complement activation, along with a rapid increase in serum C5a levels and quick development of FH in susceptible strains. Mice deficient of C5a receptor (C5aR) or the susceptible strains treated with C5aR antagonists (C5aRa) exhibit significant attenuation of the disease, accompanying with a remarkable reduction of hepatic fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2), a hallmark protein that causes necrosis of the infected livers. In accordance, biopsy of FH patients shows a dramatic increase of Fgl2 expression, which correlates with C5aR up-regulation in the liver. In vitro C5a administration accelerates MHV-3-induced Fgl2 secretion by macrophages. Furthermore, inhibiting ERK1/2 and p38 efficiently blocks C5a-mediated Fgl2 production during the viral infections. Conclusions : These data imply, for the first time, that mouse susceptibility to MHV-3-induced FH relies on C5a/C5aR interactions, for which ERK1/2 and p38 pathways participate in up-regulating Fgl2 expression. Inhibition of C5a/C5aR interactions is expected to be beneficial for clinical treatment of FH patients. (H epatology 2014;)
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
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  • 6
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    A temporal three-dimensional simulation of samarium release in the ionosphere (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-24
    Description: For understanding plasma processes of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, the alkali and alkaline-earth metals are usually released in space for artificially increasing the electron density. However, it is a limitation that these releases must be in sunlight where the photoionization can take place. In recent years, the lanthanide metals, such as samarium, have been released to produce electrons in reaction with atomic oxygen in the upper space. The reaction could proceed without sunlight so that the restriction on experimental periods is broken. Unfortunately, any sophisticated models even preliminary ones are unavailable yet in the literature. A temporal three-dimensional model is presented for the samarium release in detail with respect to various altitudes and mass. Especially, the plasma diffusion equation is remarkably extended from 2-D to 3-D by importing the influence of geomagnetic declination, which could be also useful for other chemical releases. The field-aligned terms are brought so as to the presented model can describe the diffusion along the geomagnetic field subtly. On the basis of the presented model, behaviors of radio waves propagating through the release area are simulated by using ray tracing. This model could be as the theoretical support for samarium releases and it also helpful for the research on the generation and evolution of the ionosphere irregularities.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    A fivefold interpenetrating diamond-like three-dimensional metal–organic framework: poly[(μ2-benzene-1,4-diacetato)[μ2-1,6-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexane]zinc(II)] (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-13
    Description: In the mixed-ligand metal–organic title polymeric compound, [Zn(C 10 H 8 O 4 )(C 10 H 16 N 6 )] n or [Zn(PBEA)(BTH)] n [H 2 PBEA is benzene-1,4-diacetic acid and BTH is 1,6-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexane], the asymmetric unit contains a Zn II atom, one half of a BTH ligand and one half of a doubly deprotonated H 2 PBEA ligand. Each Zn II centre lies on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis and is four-coordinated by two O atoms from two distinct PBEA 2− ligands and two N atoms from two different BTH ligands in a {ZnO 2 N 2 } coordination environment. The three-dimensional topology of the title compound corresponds to that of a fivefold interpenetrating diamond-like metal–organic framework.
    Print ISSN: 0108-2701
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5759
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of International Union of Crystallography (IUCr).
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  • 8
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    Nitrogen transformation and plant growth in response to different urea-application methods and the addition of DMPP (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: The differences in soil inorganic-nitrogen (N) concentration and distribution, plant biomass, and root growth in the presence or absence of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) under different urea-application methods (placement versus homogeneously applied) were explored in a short-term microcosm experiment. Spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was grown in a microcosm with six different treatments: no amendment (CK), DMPP homogeneously applied (DMPP-hom), urea homogeneously applied (Urea-hom), urea with DMPP homogeneously applied (Urea + DMPP-hom), urea placement (Urea-place), and urea with DMPP placement (Urea + DMPP-place). After 28 d, plant biomass, soil inorganic nitrogen content, distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen and plant roots in the soil were analyzed. The soil inorganic N and plant roots tended to be distributed asymmetrically in the placement treatment but were distributed symmetrically in the homogeneous treatment. DMPP addition significantly increased the soil NH -N content and decreased the NO -N content, especially near the fertilized zones in the placement treatment. Compared to the urea-only treatments, DMPP application significantly increased the shoot biomass and root lengths of the wheat in the homogeneous treatment but decreased them in the placement treatment. Therefore, homogeneously applied urea and DMPP may produce a more uniform nutrient distribution, leading to greater nitrogen retention in the soil and thus accelerating wheat growth.
    Print ISSN: 1436-8730
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2624
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    Up-regulation of the interferon-related genes in BRCA2 knockout epithelial cells (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-13
    Description: BRCA2 mutations are significantly associated with early onset breast cancer, and the tumour suppressing function of BRCA2 has been attributed to its involvement in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair. In order to identify additional functions of BRCA2, we generated BRCA2 -knockout HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Using genome-wide microarray analyses, we have discovered a link between the loss of BRCA2 and the up-regulation of a subset of interferon (IFN)-related genes, including APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G . The over-expression of IFN-related genes was confirmed in different human BRCA2 −/− and mouse Brca2 −/− tumour cell lines, and was independent of senescence and apoptosis. In isogenic wild type BRCA2 cells, we observed over-expression of IFN-related genes after treatment with DNA-damaging agents, and following ionizing radiation. Cells with endogenous DNA damage because of defective BRCA1 or RAD51 also exhibited over-expression of IFN-related genes. Transcriptional activity of the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) was increased in BRCA2 knockout cells, and the expression of BRCA2 greatly decreased IFN-α stimulated ISRE reporter activity, suggesting that BRCA2 directly represses the expression of IFN-related genes through the ISRE. Finally, the colony forming capacity of BRCA2 knockout cells was significantly reduced in the presence of either IFN-β or IFN-γ, suggesting that IFNs may have potential as therapeutic agents in cancer cells with BRCA2 mutations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3417
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9896
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Roughness effects on absorption and scattering of left-handed materials (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-29
    Description: Bistatic scattering and absorptivities from both Gaussian and exponentially correlated rough surfaces of the left-handed materials (LHMs) are studied numerically for 2-D geometries in a numerical Maxwell model. The multilevel UV method is employed to accelerate the matrix equation solver. Accuracy is ensured by energy conservation check. Using a set of physical surface parameters of root mean square heights and correlation lengths, numerical results are illustrated for absorptivities, bistatic scattering, and bistatic transmission of the LHMs. The numerical results show that the presence of the second opposite transmission, from lower medium to upper one for exponentially correlated LHM surfaces, dramatically reduces the absorptivities and enhances the bistatic scattering remarkably. In particular, the exponentially correlated roughness has negative effect on absorption for TE case. Then all absorptivities for TE case are below that of the planar interface, and decrease continuously with the increasing roughness. Due to both the Brewster angle effect and the opposite transmission across exponentially correlated interface, the absorptivities for TM case of LHMs increase at first and decrease subsequently down below that of the planar interface. Both polarimetric absorptive characteristics are in completely contrary to those of the right-handed materials (RHMs), where the absorptivities for both TE and TM cases are monotonic increasing with the increase of roughness because of its fine-scale surface's features and the increasing effective surface areas. For Gaussian correlated LHM surfaces, however, the second opposite transmission does not exist, thus does not show any evident differences from RHMs’, except for the maximum transmission in different directions and beam broadening. In addition, comparisons are also made with the second-order small perturbation method and Kirchhoff's approximation. In contrary to RHM, the second-order small perturbation method is no longer valid for TE case for both absorptivity and scattering from exponentially correlated LHM surfaces even for very small perturbation cases. Similar to RHM's surfaces, the Kirchhoff's approximation can be only valid to the LHM surfaces with Gaussian correlation function.
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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