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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New methods of determining the strange attractor by generalized cell mapping approach (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 4 (1988), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The generalized cell mapping method used in solving non-linear dynamical systems is also a powerful means of determining the state volume in which strange attractors reside. Several methods of refining the size of cells are proposed in this paper. With the aid of these methods it is possible to describe the shape of a strange attractor in however much detail is required. Any part of the cell state space can be enlarged by the suggested zoom technique when the finte structure of this strange attractor is going to be studied. By using the limiting probability distribution calculated from the persistent group, the statistical meaning of the attractor is revealed. Results of examples which were computed on an IBM PC computer show the validity and efficiency of the methods.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630040411
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  • 2
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    Lanthanum chloride promotes mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in primary cultured rat astrocytes (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Population surveys and animal experiments have shown that rare earth elements (REEs) cause neurological defects. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. Given that lanthanum is commonly used for investigating into REEs-induced neurological defects, this study chose lanthanum chloride (LaCl 3 ) to show that LaCl 3 promotes mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in primary cultured rat astrocytes by regulating expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. The main findings of this study are (1) LaCl 3 treatment (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mM for 12–48 h) induced the astrocytes damages with a concentration-dependent manner, which were confirmed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and lactate dehydrogenase release assays, and morphological examination. (2) A 24 h treatment of LaCl 3 concentration-dependently decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol, elevated caspase 9 and 3 expression, and promoted astrocyte apoptosis. (3) LaCl 3 treatment increased the ratio of pro-apoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, which in turn broke the balance among pro-apoptotic and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, leading to astrocyte apoptosis. Our results indicate that LaCl 3 alters Bcl-2 family protein expressions, which in turn promote mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and thus astrocytic damage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 3
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    Rice consumption and cancer incidence in US men and women (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: ABSTRACT While both the 2012 and 2014 Consumer Reports concerned arsenic levels in US rice, no previous study has evaluated long-term consumption of total rice, white rice and brown rice in relation to risk of developing cancers. We investigated this in the female Nurses' Health Study (1984-2010), and Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2009), and the male Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008), which included a total of 45,231 men and 160,408 women, free of cancer at baseline. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to measure rice consumption at baseline and repeated almost every 4 years thereafter. We employed Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). During up to 26 years of follow-up, we documented 31,655 incident cancer cases (10,833 in men and 20,822 in women). Age-adjusted results were similar to multivariable-adjusted results. Compared to participants with less than one serving per week, the multivariable RRs of overall cancer for individuals who ate at least 5 servings per week were 0.97 for total rice (95% CI: 0.85-1.07), 0.87 for white rice (95% CI: 0.75-1.01), and 1.17 for brown rice (95% CI: 0.90-1.26). Similar non-significant associations were observed for specific sites of cancers including prostate, breast, colon and rectum, melanoma, bladder, kidney, and lung. Additionally, the null associations were observed among European Americans and non-smokers, and were not modified by BMI. Long-term consumption of total rice, white rice or brown rice was not associated with risk of developing cancer in US men and women. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0215
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
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    Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Behavior of Ytterbium Complexes Derived from a Linked Bis(β-ketoiminato) Ligand (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-29
    Description: Ytterbium complexes supported by a linked bis(β-ketoiminato) ligand, N , N ′-ethylenebis(benzoylacetoimine) (H 2 L), were synthesized and their catalytic behavior was explored. The reaction of YbCl 3 with 1 equiv. of LLi 2 afforded the mononuclear ytterbium chloride LYbCl(THF) 2 ( 1 ) in high yield. Complex 1 can be used as starting material to prepare β-ketoiminate-ytterbium derivatives. Treatment of complex 1 with NaN(SiMe 3 ) 2 produced the dimeric ytterbium amide {LYb[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ]} 2 ( 2 ), while the similar reaction of complex 1 with NaOAr (ArO = 2, 6- t Bu-4-MeC 6 H 2 O) led to the mononuclear ytterbium aryloxide LYbOAr(THF) ( 3 ). The three complexes were well detected by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray analysis. It was found that complexes 2 and 3 can initiate the ring-opening polymerization of ϵ-caprolactone with moderate activity.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Diagnostic application and clinical significance of FCM progress scoring system based on immunophenotyping in CD34+ blasts in myelodysplastic syndromes (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: Background: Abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which reflect the malignant nature of clonal cells in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), can be detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and potentially applied to assist diagnosis and evaluate prognosis in MDS. Methods: In this study, a series of immunophenotypes such as CD34, CD19, CD38, CD117, and CD7, which are related to proliferation and differentiation of HSCs, were determined by FCM in the patients with nonclonal cytopenias diseases and MDS. Based on the expression pattern of these immunophenotypes, a FCM progress scoring (FPS) system was constructed and evaluated. Results: The FPS system showed good sensitivity and specificity (63.6% and 100.0%) in distinguishing MDS from nonclonal cytopenias diseases. Validation analysis of FPS system indicated comparable sensitivity and specificity (73.7% and 97.1%) and high agreement rate (82.6%) of FCM diagnosis with morphological diagnosis. The high-grade MDS had higher FPS score compared to low-grade MDS ( P 〈 0.001). Noticeably, hypocellular MDS had lower FPS score ( P 〈 0.001), most of which could not be diagnosed by FPS system. Besides, FPS score showed obvious positive correlation with WHO classification, IPSS score, percentage of marrow blasts, and cytogenetic prognosis scoring. Elevated FPS score predicted higher disease progression and shorter survival in MDS. Conclusion: The FPS system based on immunophenotyping in CD34+ blasts is a useful and simple tool for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation in MDS. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 6
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    Lanthanum chloride promotes mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in primary cultured rat astrocytes (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-27
    Description: Population surveys and animal experiments have shown that rare earth elements (REEs) cause neurological defects. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. Given that lanthanum is commonly used for investigating into REEs-induced neurological defects, this study chose lanthanum chloride (LaCl 3 ) to show that LaCl 3 promotes mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in primary cultured rat astrocytes by regulating expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. The main findings of this study are (1) LaCl 3 treatment (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mM for 12–48 h) induced the astrocytes damages with a concentration-dependent manner, which were confirmed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and lactate dehydrogenase release assays, and morphological examination. (2) A 24 h treatment of LaCl 3 concentration-dependently decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol, elevated caspase 9 and 3 expression, and promoted astrocyte apoptosis. (3) LaCl 3 treatment increased the ratio of pro-apoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, which in turn broke the balance among pro-apoptotic and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, leading to astrocyte apoptosis. Our results indicate that LaCl 3 alters Bcl-2 family protein expressions, which in turn promote mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and thus astrocytic damage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Effects of Gene Knockdown of CNP on Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through NPRB/Cgmp Signaling Pathway in Rats (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-11
    Description: ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore effects of CNP on ventricular remodeling following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through the NPRB/cGMP signaling pathway. Rat cardiomyocyteswere assigned into: control, I/R, I/R + CNP, and I/R+ 8-Br-cGMP groups. ELISA, qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect cGMP content and expression, respectively. After model establishment of I/R rats, normal control, CNP -/- control, I/R, and CNP -/- groups were set. Indexes of heart were detected using echocardiography and hemodynamics. ELISA was used to measure serum CNP, cGMP, LDH, cTn I, CK-MB, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Myocardial infarct was identified by TTC staining, and apoptosis conditions by TUNEL staining. QRT-PCR and western blotting were adopted to detect expressions of CNP, NPRB, cGMP, and apoptosis-related genes. Compared with control group, cGMP contents and expression in the I/R, I/R + CNP and I/R + 8-Br-cGMP groups were decreased. Levels of LVEDV, LVESV, LVDS, LVDD, IVSD, LVM, LVEDP, and LVSP were higher in the I/R, CNP -/- control and CNP -/- groups than normal control group while LVEF, SV, CO, and ± dp/dtmax were lower. Compared with the normal control group, LDH, cTn I, CK-MB, TNF-α, and IL-6 were higher in the I/R, CNP -/- control and CNP -/- groups; pathological changes and myocardial infarction were observed in the I/R, CNP -/- control, and CNP -/- groups; expressions of apoptosis-related genes in those groups were higher; while CNP, NPRB, cGMP and Bcl-2 expressions were decreased. We came to the conclusion that gene knockdown of CNP blocks the NPRB/cGMP signaling pathway, thereby aggravating myocardial I/R injury and causing ventricular remodeling in rats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    Atmospheric Circulation Processes Contributing to a Multidecadal Variation in Reconstructed and Modeled Indian Monsoon Precipitation (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: An analysis of the recently reconstructed gridded May-September total precipitation in the Indian monsoon region for the past half millennium discloses significant variations at multidecadal timescales. Meanwhile, paleo-climate modeling outputs from NCAR CCSM4 show similar multidecadal variations in the monsoon precipitation. One of those variations at the frequency of 40–50 years per cycle is examined in this study. Major results show that this variation is a product of the processes in that the meridional gradient of the atmospheric enthalpy is strengthened by radiation loss in the high-latitude and polar region. Driven by this gradient and associated baroclinicity in the atmosphere, more heat/energy is generated in the tropical and subtropical (monsoon) region and transported poleward. This transport relaxes the meridional enthalpy gradient and, subsequently, the need for heat production in the monsoon region. The multidecadal timescale of these processes results from atmospheric circulation-radiation interactions and the inefficiency in generation of kinetic energy from the potential energy in the atmosphere to drive the eddies that transport heat poleward. This inefficiency creates a time delay between the meridional gradient of the enthalpy and the poleward transport. The monsoon precipitation variation lags that in the meridional gradient of enthalpy but leads that of the poleward heat transport. This phase relationship, and underlining chasing process by the transport of heat to the need for it driven by the meridional enthalpy gradient, sustains this multidecadal variation. This mechanism suggests that atmospheric circulation processes can contribute to multidecadal timescale variations. Interactions of these processes with other forcing, such as SST or solar irradiance anomalies, can result in resonant or suppressed variations in the Indian monsoon precipitation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    A novel caffeoyl triterpene attenuates cerebral ischemic injury with potent anti-inflammatory and hypothermic effects (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-28
    Description: While combating inflammation is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke, efficacious post-stroke intervention is hampered by a lack of potent compounds with a wide therapeutic time window. Here we provide the first demonstration that 28 -O -caffeoyl betulin (B-CA), a novel derivative of naturally occurring caffeoyl triterpene, could significantly alleviate brain infarction and neurological deficit when given as late as 6 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Moreover, post-ischemia B-CA administration exhibited long-term (14 days post-stroke) protective effects on both brain infarction and functional (i.e., motor and sensory) deficits. Protective B-CA effects correlated with decreased inflammatory responses as indicated by inhibition of microglia and astrocyte activation (stained with Iba-1 and GFAP antibody, respectively), as well as suppression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2 overproduction in the ipsilateral cortex of ischemic rat. B-CA administration caused significant hypothermia in the focal cerebral ischemic rat, which may contribute to its ameliorative effects on brain damage and inflammation. In view of its potency, promising therapeutic time window, robust anti-inflammatory and hypothermic effects, this novel caffeoyl triterpene derivative may lead towards the development of effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3042
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-4159
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The International Society for Neurochemistry.
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  • 10
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    Morphology, distribution, and abundance of antennal sensilla of male and female macropterous and brachypterous small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-07
    Description: The antennal sensilla of both genders of macropterous and brachypterous adults of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed seven types of antennal sensilla in adult L. striatellus which were not evenly distributed on all antennal segments. Sensilla chaetica, a sensillum campaniformium and a Böhm bristle were found on the scape. Sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla placodea which always present as plaque organs, sensilla basiconica and a sensillum campaniformium were present on the pedicel. Three sensilla basiconica and one sensillum coeloconicum containing two sensory pegs were located on the swollen sensory region of the basal flagellum. Pores observed on the surface of s. trichodea and s. placodea suggest these organs probably play a role in olfaction, whereas the aporous s. chaetica with flexible sockets probably function as mechanoreceptors. The aporous s. basiconica with inflexible sockets are probable to be thermo-hygroreceptors while the Böhm bristle and s. campaniformia may act as antennal proprioceptors. The function of s. coeloconicum remains uncertain. The numerical dominance of antennal olfactory receptors suggests olfaction is an important function of the antenna in L. striatellus . Although a small degree of sexual/wing dimorphism was observed in the numbers of sensilla and in the length and width of antennae and antennal segments, the basic shape and structure of the antennae and antennal sensilla did not differ between the gender or wing form in L. striatellus . Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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