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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noble gas depth profiles in amorphous TiO2 films after sputtering (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: TiO2 films are formed galvanostatically in 1 N H2SO4 by anodic polarization. The resulting amorphous oxide layer is about 30 nm thick. The films are sputtered with Ne+, and Kr+ in the energy range from 2 to 9 keV. This sputter process is always combined with an implantation of the sputter ions in a partially reduced oxide. The distribution of penetration depth (1-10 nm) of implanted noble gas ions is investigated by two methods. In the top few nanometres it is derived from angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The obtained results can be assigned approximately to a two-layer model with an inner implantation layer (d1 = 10 nm, cAr = 10-25%) and a gas-free surface layer (dGF = 0.5-2 nm) owing to diffusion and outgassing of the implanted noble gas ions. On the other hand, we carried out Kr+ sputter profiles of TiO2 implanted with Ar+ and Ne+ by previous sputtering. This yields an immediate decrease of the previous sputter gas (Ar, Ne) concentration which is explained by fast diffusion of Ar and Ne induced by the high temperatures during the Kr+ sputtering.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740120206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-energy implantation and sputtering of TiO2 by nitrogen and argon and the electrochemical reoxidationPart of PhD Thesis of M. Wolff. (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 17 (1991), S. 726-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper we report the investigation of the implantation and radiation damage during sputter profiles of 30 nm TiO2 layers on Ti with 3 keV N2+. The profiles are analysed by normal and angle-resolved XPS measurements. Supplementary electrochemical reoxidants are performed, handling the sample without any contact to air during the whole process. Additional information is obtained by comparison with 4 keV Ar+ and 3 keV air sputter profiles.At the beginning of a 3 keV N2+ sputter profile some TiO2 at the surface is converted to TiNxOy, which is only partially oxidizable by repassivation. A portion of the implanted nitrogen exists as molecular N2. After higher sputter dosed the composition changes drastically. Preferential sputtering reduces the oxygen concentration to an extent to allow TiNxO1-x and TiN formation. The TiNxOy changes its composition since it is now fully reoxidizable, as are all compounds with a Ti oxidation state of less than 4 +. N2 reacts with TiNxO1-x by recoil excitation and no longer exists. The occurrence of TiO, Ti2O3 and Ti3N4 is unlikely, but possible in small concentrations. The products of all electrochemical repassivations are TiO2 and N2.Angle-resolved XPS measurements show Ar- and N2-attenuated surface layers. During Ar and air implantation these layers remain constant owing to an equilibrium between outgassing and implantation of new sputter gas. After nitrogen implantation the N2-attenuated layers are constant in the beginning and increase when the N2 begins to react with TiNxO1-x until the N2 totally disappears.An addition of oxygen to the sputter gas can decrease the surface roughening effect, which is often found after prolonged sputtering, XPS binding energies show that Ar and N2 gas do not occur in gas bubbbbles.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740171007
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  • 3
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    Paraneoplastic acanthosis nigricans: the first reported case associated with a Sézary syndrome (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Acanthosis nigricans (AN), with its characteristic velvety hyperpigmented appareance, is usually divided into benign and malignant forms (ANM). The benign form is relatively common and is often secondary to insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus and drug use. The malignant form is rare and occurs as a paraneoplastic syndrome revealing in most cases an underlying gastrointestinal cancer 1 . However, AN have been associated with other malignancies. We hereafter report the first case of AN in a patient with Sézary syndrome (SS). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0007-0963
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2133
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 4
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    The Carrington event not observed in most ice core nitrate records (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: The Carrington Event of 1859 is considered to be among the largest space weather events of the last 150 years. We show that only one out of 14 well-resolved ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica has a nitrate spike dated to 1859. No sharp spikes are observed in the Antarctic cores studied here. In Greenland numerous spikes are observed in the 40 years surrounding 1859, but where other chemistry was measured, all large spikes have the unequivocal signal, including co-located spikes in ammonium, formate, black carbon and vanillic acid, of biomass burning plumes. It seems certain that most spikes in an earlier core, including that claimed for 1859, are also due to biomass burning plumes, and not to solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We conclude that an event as large as the Carrington Event did not leave an observable, widespread imprint in nitrate in polar ice. Nitrate spikes cannot be used to derive the statistics of SEPs.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Comment on “Low time resolution analysis of polar ice cores cannot detect impulsive nitrate events” by D.F. Smart et al. (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-31
    Description: Smart et al. (2014) suggested that the detection of nitrate spikes in polar ice cores from solar energetic particle (SEP) events could be achieved if an analytical system with sufficiently high resolution was used. Here we show that the spikes they associate with SEP events are not reliably recorded in cores from the same location, even when the resolution is clearly adequate. We explain the processes that limit the effective resolution of ice cores. Liquid conductivity data suggests that the observed spikes are associated with sodium or another non-acidic cation, making it likely that they result from deposition of sea salt or similar aerosol that has scavenged nitrate, rather than from a primary input of nitrate in the troposphere. We consider that there is no evidence at present to support the identification of any spikes in nitrate as representing SEP events. Although such events undoubtedly create nitrate in the atmosphere, we see no plausible route to using nitrate spikes to document the statistics of such events.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Investigation of the male pattern baldness major genetic susceptibility loci AR/EDA2R and 20p11 in female pattern hair loss (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-03
    Description: Background:  The aetiology of female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is largely unknown. However, it is hypothesized that FPHL and male pattern baldness (AGA) share common susceptibility alleles. The two major susceptibility loci for AGA are the androgen receptor ( AR ) / ectodysplasin A2 receptor ( EDA2R ) locus on the X-chromosome; and a locus on chromosome 20p11, for which no candidate gene has yet been identified. Objectives:  To examine the role of the AR / EDA2R and 20p11 loci in the development of FPHL using 145 UK and 85 German patients with FPHL, 179 UK supercontrols, and 150 German blood donors. Methods:  Patients and controls were genotyped for 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the AR / EDA2R locus and 5 SNPs at the 20p11 locus. Results:  Analysis of the AR / EDA2R locus revealed no significant association in the German sample. However, a nominally significant association for a single SNP (rs1397631) was found in the UK sample. Subgroup analysis of the UK patients revealed significant association for seven markers in patients with an early onset ( P =0.047 after adjustment for the testing of multiple SNPs by Monte-Carlo simulation). No significant association was obtained for the five 20p11 variants, neither in the overall samples nor in the analysis of subgroups. Conclusions:  The observed association suggests that the AR / EDA2R locus confers susceptibility to early onset FHPL. Our results do no implicate the 20p11 locus in the aetiology of FPHL.
    Print ISSN: 0007-0963
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2133
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Investigation of the male pattern baldness major genetic susceptibility loci AR/EDA2R and 20p11 in female pattern hair loss (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Background:  The aetiology of female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is largely unknown. However, it is hypothesized that FPHL and male pattern baldness (AGA) share common susceptibility alleles. The two major susceptibility loci for AGA are the androgen receptor ( AR ) / ectodysplasin A2 receptor ( EDA2R ) locus on the X-chromosome; and a locus on chromosome 20p11, for which no candidate gene has yet been identified. Objectives:  To examine the role of the AR / EDA2R and 20p11 loci in the development of FPHL using 145 UK and 85 German patients with FPHL, 179 UK supercontrols, and 150 German blood donors. Methods:  Patients and controls were genotyped for 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the AR / EDA2R locus and 5 SNPs at the 20p11 locus. Results:  Analysis of the AR / EDA2R locus revealed no significant association in the German sample. However, a nominally significant association for a single SNP (rs1397631) was found in the UK sample. Subgroup analysis of the UK patients revealed significant association for seven markers in patients with an early onset ( P =0.047 after adjustment for the testing of multiple SNPs by Monte-Carlo simulation). No significant association was obtained for the five 20p11 variants, neither in the overall samples nor in the analysis of subgroups. Conclusions:  The observed association suggests that the AR / EDA2R locus confers susceptibility to early onset FHPL. Our results do no implicate the 20p11 locus in the aetiology of FPHL.
    Print ISSN: 0007-0963
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2133
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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