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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 35 (1992), S. 767-785 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The solution of contact problems involves great numerical efforts to satisfy non-penetration conditions. The search for numerical efficiency hence has limited the modelling of the real physical interface behaviour. Up to now mainly simple laws, usually formulated using constant coefficients, have been available to study contact problems in uncoupled from.Here a thermomechanically coupled contact element is presented which accounts for the real microscopic shape of the surfaces, the microscopic mechanism of force transmission and heat exchange. The contact element geometrical behaviour has been put together with experimental and theoretical well founded micro-mechanical and micro-thermal laws adapted to Finite Element Method (FEM) necessities. Based on these laws the macroscopic related stiffnesses are calculated and continuously updated taking into account changes in significant parameters. The linearization of the set of equations has been obtained using a consistent technique which implies computational efficiency.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 899-909 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Schlagwort(e): finite element method ; non-linear shell elements ; assumed strain approach ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A quadrilateral degenerated C0 shell element is presented which relies on extensible director kinematics and which incorporates unmodified three-dimensional constitutive models. It is shown that the direct interpolation of the extensible director field causes severe locking behaviour in the case of thin shell structures. An assumed strain interpolation is proposed to overcome the thin-shell defect. Due to this modification the shell element is able to accommodate large rotations without a rotation tensor, even for very thin shells. Several large deformation examples confirm that the developed shell element is competitive with more elaborate formulations which use rotational degrees of freedom.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 2631-2655 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Based on both moderate and finite rotation bending theories of thin elastic shells including shear deformation, adaptive non-linear static finite element analysis is treated within a displacement approach and h-adaptivity. The a posteriori error indicator given by Rheinboldt, gained by linearization, is investigated in order to decide whether the deformations influence the indicator explicitely and how parameter dependent problems (like the Reissner-Mindlin model) behave in the process of adaptation. In order to achieve overall consistency, dimensional adaptivity (to 3-D elasticity) is implemented within disturbed subdomains, especially at supports.Results are that Rheinboldt's error indicator is valid under certain restrictions but not directly at bifurcation points and that robustness is not improved by adaptation.Nested quadrilateral finite elements are used for studying pre- and post-buckling states of plates and shells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 35 (1992), S. 1015-1029 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The paper is concerned with first order approximation methods to solve non-linear optimization problems as they arise in structural optimization. A modification of the original Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) is presented to prevent oscillation or divergence by incorporating a line-search into the global iteration algorithm. In this line-search a merit-function of augmented Lagrangian type is decreased by using a backtracking strategy. A proof is presented to show the descent property of the proposed merit-function for MMA. Numerical examples demonstrate how the new technique stabilizes the iteration process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1009-1025 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In this paper we discuss the theoretical and numerical formulation of 3-D Trefitz elements. Starting from the variational principle with the so-called hybrid stress method, the trial functions for the stresses have to fulfil the Beltrami equations, which means also the compatibility equations for the strains. The divergence theorem can be applied, and one arrives at a pure boundary formulation in the sense of the Trefftz method. Besides the resulting variational formulation, different regularizations of the interelement conditions are investigated by numerical tests. Two examples show the numerical efficiency of the derived elements. First, a geometric linear 3-D example is presented to show the effects on distorted element meshes. The third example shows the geometrically non-linear analysis of a shallow cylindrical shell segment under a singe load.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Structure Reactivity Correlations in Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Chelate Complexes. VII. Effect of Axial Bases on the Spin Ground State and the Charge Transfer Spectra of Iron Complexes with a Colorless Porphyrine-like [N4]-MacrocycleIn contrast to similar macrocycles without the carbonyl substituents R2, the iron(II) complexes 3 react with several bases to form stable adducts. With imidazole, dark red diamagnetic (S = 0) sesqui- and diadducts have been isolated. They are oxidized quickly by air to give dark green polymeric low-spin (S = 1/2) iron(III) derivatives with one imidazolate anion as a bridging axial ligand. With pyridine, ammonia, methanol etc. intense red monoadducts are formed which are intermediate-spin (S = 1) complexes. Preparation of 3a in the presence of water results in a very instable yellow product which appears to be a high-spin (S = 2) diadduct. All the iron(II) complexes are extremely sensitive to air. The spectra of the iron(III) derivatives exhibit a single CT band in the visible region. The energy of the sharp maximum is strongly influenced by axial ligands and can be used to characterize the coordination properties of several bases.
    Notizen: Im Gegensatz zu ähnlichen Makrocyclen ohne die Carbonylsubstituenten R2 reagieren die Eisen(II)-Komplexe 3 mit verschiedenen Basen unter Bildung stabiler Addukte. Mit Imidazol wurden dunkelrote, diamagnetische (S = O) Sesqui- bzw. Diaddukte isoliert. Sie werden durch Luft rasch zu grünen, polymeren low-spin (S = 1/2) Eisen(III)-Derivaten mit einem Imidazolat-Anion als Brückenligand oxydiert. Mit Pyridin, Ammoniak, Methanol usw. bilden sich intensiv rote Monoaddukte, bei denen es sich um „intermediate-spin“ (S = 1) Komplexe handelt. Die Darstellung von 3a in Gegenwart von Wasser führt zu einem sehr instabilen, gelben Produkt, welches ein high-spin (S = 2) Diaddukt zu sein scheint. Alle Eisen(II)-Komplexe sind extrem luftempfindlich. Die Vis-Spektren der Eisen(III)-Derivate zeigen eine einfache CT-Bande. Die Energie des scharfen Maximums wird stark durch axiale Liganden beeinflußt und kann zur Charakterisierung des Koordinationsverhaltens verschiedener Basen dienen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 3 (1987), S. 373-380 
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-20
    Beschreibung: Background It has been reported that interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–induced inflammatory markers, such as circulating neopterin and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR), are increased in patients with cancer and are also a predictor of poor prognosis. However, whether baseline levels of these makers are associated with subsequent cancer risk in the general population remains unknown. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of the Hordaland Health Study in 6594 adults without known cancer at baseline who were enrolled between April 1998 and June 1999. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, and renal function. Results A total of 971 incident cancer cases (507 men and 464 women) were identified over a median follow-up time of 12 years. Baseline plasma neopterin, KTR and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer in models adjusted for covariates ( P for trend across quartiles = .006 for neopterin, .022 for KTR, and .005 for CRP). The multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) per SD increment in similar models were 1.09 (1.03-1.16) for neopterin, 1.07 (1.01-1.14) for KTR, and 1.04 (0.98-1.10) for CRP. The associations between the inflammatory markers and risk of major specific cancer types were also provided. Conclusions Our findings indicate that plasma neopterin, KTR, and CRP are associated with a significantly increased risk of overall cancer. Our study revealed novel evidence regarding the role of IFN-γ–induced inflammation in human carcinogenesis. Cancer 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society .
    Print ISSN: 0008-543X
    Digitale ISSN: 1097-0142
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Publiziert von Wiley-Blackwell im Namen von The American Cancer Society.
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-19
    Beschreibung: Dietary intake and/or circulating concentrations of vitamin B6 have been associated with risk of cancer, but results are inconsistent and mechanisms uncertain. Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) is the most commonly used marker of B6 status. We recently proposed the ratio 3-hydroxykynurenine/xanthurenic acid (HK/XA) as an indicator of functional vitamin B6 status, and the 4-pyridoxic acid (PA) /(pyridoxal (PL) +PLP) ratio (PAr) as a marker of vitamin B6 catabolism during inflammation. We compared plasma PLP, HK/XA and PAr as predictors of cancer incidence in a prospective community-based cohort in Norway. This study included 6539 adults without known cancer at baseline (1998-99) from the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK). HR and 95% CI were calculated for the risk of overall and site-specific cancers using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for potential confounders. After a median follow-up time of 11.9 years, 963 cancer cases (501 men and 462 women) were identified. Multivariate-adjusted Cox-regression showed no significant relation of plasma PLP or HK/XA with risk of incident cancer. In contrast, PAr was significantly associated with risk of cancer with HR (95% CI) =1.31 (1.12-1.52) per 2 standard deviation (SD) increment (P 〈 0.01). Further analysis showed that PAr was a particular strong predictor of lung cancer with HR (95% CI) =2.46 (1.49-4.05) per 2 SD increment (P 〈 0.01). The present results indicate that associations of vitamin B6 with cancer may be related to increased catabolism of vitamin B6, in particular for lung cancer where inflammation may be largely involved in carcinogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0020-7136
    Digitale ISSN: 1097-0215
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Publiziert von Wiley-Blackwell
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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