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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the neonatal pig colon (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 152 (1978), S. 269-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The neonatal pig colon has several unique structural and developmental features. At birth it has a variable population of epithelial cells which in their arrangement on villus-like protrusions and in their capability for protein uptake into large preformed supranuclear vacuoles closely resemble neonatal ileal cells. Such villus-like protrusions and vacuolated cells are not present in the 2-day-old piglet. On the first day after birth absorptive epithelial cells which lack supranuclear vacuoles transiently accumulate a large number of lipid droplets, each separated from the cytoplasm only by a proteolipid interface. None of the much smaller lipid droplets bounded by a unit membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and characteristic of normal small intestinal fat uptake were ever seen in these cells. Very few of the large lipid drops remain on the second day after birth.This initial capacity of the colon for protein and lipid uptake never reappears.The pattern of colonic amino acid transport also changes markedly in the first four days of independent life and this may be correlated with the observation that the absorptive cells at birth have microvilli which are twice the length of those on similar cells at and after two days old. These morphological results are discussed in terms of implied functional changes in the neonatal period.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001520302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial propagation of human ovarian surface epithelium in tissue culture (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 134 (1988), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Most human ovarian cancers are thought to arise in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). The precise role of OSE in carcinogenesis has not been defined because no appropriate animal models for the study of this tissue exist and culture of human OSE has been limited to primary outgrowths. In this report, we describe conditions for serial cultivation of normal human OSE. Premenopausal ovarian tissue was obtained at surgery. OSE growth was compared in media MCDB 202, 199 and Waymouth's 752/1 (WM) supplemented with 5, 15, or 25% fetal bovine serum (FBS), with/without 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 0.4 γg/ml hydrocortisone (HC). The rate and extent of OSE outgrowths from explants in primary culture were greatest in either WM or 199/202 (1:1), supplemented with 15% FBS/EGF/HC. In early passage cultures, cell proliferation was most rapid and extensive in 199/202 with 15% FBS, EGF, and HC. In this medium, OSE cells were subcultured up to 10 times and underwent 20-25 population doublings over 5 weeks. The population doubling time during rapid growth was approximately 48 h. Seeding efficiencies of up to 53% and cloning efficiencies of up to 13% were obtained. Early passage OSE cells reversibly modulated from a slow growing, epithelial, intensely keratin-positive form in 199/202 medium lacking EGF/HC, to a rapidly proliferating, elongate, less keratin-positive form in medium with EGF/HC. OSE cells grown in WM/5-15% FBS were epithelial and near-stationary. Thus, culture conditions have been defined for ovarian carcinogen assays requiring either proliferating or stationary cell populations, and for further studies of the role of OSE in ovarian biology.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041340305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural abundance nitrogen-15 n.m.r. spectroscopy. Spin-lattice relaxation in organic compounds (1976)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 643-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The small negative magnetogyric ratio (γ) of the 15N nucleus decreases the efficiency of 15N—1H dipole-dipole relaxation to about 25% of that for an analogous 13C nucleus. This may lead to greater competition from other relaxation mechanisms in 15N n.m.r. and consequent partial or total quenching of the negative nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). In unfavorable circumstances nulling of the 15N resonance can occur. Previous 15N relaxation studies have examined isotopically enriched, low molecular weight compounds. The present study examines several small to intermediate size organic compounds containing nitrogen at natural isotopic abundance. In contrast to some of the earlier studies, 15N—1H dipolar relaxation was found to be dominant for protonated nitrogen atoms, even for two tertiary nitrogens (the tertiary amine nitrogen in 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a] quinolizine and the oxime nitrogen in 3-methyl-2-pentanone ketoxime). The magnitude of the NOE and the moderate value of T1 indicate effective dipolar relaxation from neighboring but not directly bonded protons in these cases. Nitro groups were found, as expected, to have predominant contributions from non-dipolar mechanisms, and in one case (2-methyl-2-nitro-1, 3-propanediol) signal nulling (NOE of η = -1) was observed. The effect of paramagnetic impurities was demonstrated for ethanolamine, which contains a basic nitrogen. In this case T1DD(15N—1H) = 4·3 s; added Ni(acac)2 at 1 × 10-4 Molar reduced the 15N T1 to 0·065 s and consequently the NOE to η = 0.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270081211
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal growth factor receptor numbers in male and female mouse primary hepatocyte cultures (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 6 (1988), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor ; receptors ; sex differentiation ; mouse hepatocyte cultures ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) were measured in adult male and female mouse primary hepatocyte cultures. On culture day 1, female hepatocytes had significantly fewer EGF-R than male hepatocytes (1·3 × 104 versus 6·2 × 105 per cell). Over the next three days, morphological changes consistent with progressive heptocyte dedifferentiation were observed. During this period, EGF-R numbers progressively increased in female cultures and decreased in male cultures, and by day 4 the sexual difference in EGF-R numbers was obliterated. These results indicate that a relationship exists between the degree of differentiation in hepatocyte cultures and the expression of EGF-R on the cell surface.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290060403
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  • 5
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    Kalman filter techniques for accelerated Cartesian dynamic cardiac imaging (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: In dynamic MRI, spatial and temporal parallel imaging can be exploited to reduce scan time. Real-time reconstruction enables immediate visualization during the scan. Commonly used view-sharing techniques suffer from limited temporal resolution, and many of the more advanced reconstruction methods are either retrospective, time-consuming, or both. A Kalman filter model capable of real-time reconstruction can be used to increase the spatial and temporal resolution in dynamic MRI reconstruction. The original study describing the use of the Kalman filter in dynamic MRI was limited to non-Cartesian trajectories because of a limitation intrinsic to the dynamic model used in that study. Here the limitation is overcome, and the model is applied to the more commonly used Cartesian trajectory with fast reconstruction. Furthermore, a combination of the Kalman filter model with Cartesian parallel imaging is presented to further increase the spatial and temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Simulations and experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the Kalman filter model can increase the temporal resolution of the image series compared with view-sharing techniques and decrease the spatial aliasing compared with TGRAPPA. The method requires relatively little computation, and thus is suitable for real-time reconstruction. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0740-3194
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2594
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 6
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    Non-Cartesian balanced steady-state free precession pulse sequences for real-time cardiac MRI (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-09
    Description: Purpose To develop a new spiral-in/out balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) pulse sequence for real-time cardiac MRI and compare it with radial and spiral-out techniques. Methods Non-Cartesian sampling strategies are efficient and robust to motion and thus have important advantages for real-time bSSFP cine imaging. This study describes a new symmetric spiral-in/out sequence with intrinsic gradient moment compensation and SSFP refocusing at TE  =  TR /2. In vivo real-time cardiac imaging studies were performed to compare radial, spiral-out, and spiral-in/out bSSFP pulse sequences. Furthermore, phase-based fat/water separation taking advantage of the refocusing mechanism of the spiral-in/out bSSFP sequence was also studied. Results The image quality of the spiral-out and spiral-in/out bSSFP sequences was improved with off-resonance and k-space trajectory correction. The spiral-in/out bSSFP sequence had the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio, and image quality ratings, with spiral-out bSSFP sequence second in each category and the radial bSSFP sequence third. The spiral-in/out bSSFP sequence provides separated fat and water images with no additional scan time. Conclusions In this study, a new spiral-in/out bSSFP sequence was developed and tested. The superiority of spiral bSSFP sequences over the radial bSSFP sequence in terms of SNR and reduced artifacts was demonstrated in real-time MRI of cardiac function without image acceleration. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 0740-3194
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2594
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Characterization of diffuse fibrosis in the failing human heart via diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative histological validation (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: Non-invasive imaging techniques are highly desirable as an alternative to conventional biopsy for the characterization of the remodeling of tissues associated with disease progression, including end-stage heart failure. Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become an established method for the characterization of myocardial microstructure. However, the relationships between diffuse myocardial fibrosis, which is a key biomarker for staging and treatment planning of the failing heart, and measured DTI parameters have yet to be investigated systematically. In this study, DTI was performed on left ventricular specimens collected from patients with chronic end-stage heart failure as a result of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy ( n  = 14) and from normal donors ( n  = 5). Scalar DTI parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean (MD), primary ( D 1 ), secondary ( D 2 ) and tertiary ( D 3 ) diffusivities, were correlated with collagen content measured by digital microscopy. Compared with hearts from normal subjects, the FA in failing hearts decreased by 22%, whereas the MD, D 2 and D 3 increased by 12%, 14% and 24%, respectively ( P  〈 0.01). No significant change was detected for D 1 between the two groups. Furthermore, significant correlation was observed between the DTI scalar indices and quantitative histological measurements of collagen (i.e. fibrosis). Pearson's correlation coefficients ( r ) between collagen content and FA, MD, D 2 and D 3 were –0.51, 0.59, 0.56 and 0.62 ( P  〈 0.05), respectively. The correlation between D 1 and collagen content was not significant ( r  = 0.46, P  = 0.05). Computational modeling analysis indicated that the behaviors of the DTI parameters as a function of the degree of fibrosis were well explained by compartmental exchange between myocardial and collagenous tissues. Combined, these findings suggest that scalar DTI parameters can be used as metrics for the non-invasive assessment of diffuse fibrosis in failing hearts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Myocardial diffuse fibrosis has been linked to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Although diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is increasingly being used to characterize cardiac diseases, quantitative correlation between DTI scalar metrics and diffuse fibrosis remains lacking. In this study, DTI parameters obtained on heart specimens from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and from normal donors were correlated with histological collagen content measurements. The results indicated that diffuse fibrosis is significantly correlated with water diffusivity and inversely correlated with diffusion anisotropy. Computational analysis showed that the behaviors of the DTI parameters are well explained by compartmental exchange between myocardial and collagenous tissues.
    Print ISSN: 0952-3480
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1492
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    Excellent outcomes and lack of prognostic impact of cell of origin for localized diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-13
    Description: Therapeutic options for limited-stage diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) include short- or full-course R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) ± radiotherapy. The optimal treatment remains unclear. The prognostic value of cell-of-origin (COO) in early stage DLBCL is unknown. Patients with limited-stage DLBCL (stage I or stage II, non-bulky) treated with R-CHOP ± involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) from 1999 to 2012 were included. COO by the Hans algorithm was analysed in a subset of patients. Of 261 patients, 30% were stage I ( N  = 82), 37% stage IE ( N  = 96), 〈1% stage IXEE ( N  = 1), 18% stage II ( N  = 46) and 14% stage IIE ( N  = 37). The stage-modified International Prognostic Index stratified patients into prognostically relevant groups. There was no significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) for patients in the germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB; n  = 65) and non-GCB cohorts ( n  = 22). Seventeen patients received R-CHOP × 3–4 cycles (Arm A), 147 received R-CHOP × 3–4 cycles + IFRT (Arm B), 48 received R-CHOP × 6 cycles (Arm C), and 50 received R-CHOP × 6 cycles + IFRT (Arm D). The outcomes were excellent, with 5-year PFS of 82% and 5-year OS of 93%, and were similar across the 4 treatment groups. In the rituximab era, outcomes for limited-stage DLBCL, regardless of treatment approach, were excellent. Baseline COO was not a significant prognostic factor in patients treated with short-course R-CHOP + IFRT.
    Print ISSN: 0007-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    Quality of life results from a phase 3 study of brentuximab vedotin consolidation following autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant for persons with Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-22
    Description: Brentuximab vedotin (BV) significantly improved progression-free survival in a phase 3 study in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (RR-HL) post-autologous-haematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-HSCT); we report the impact of BV on quality of life (QOL) from this trial. The European Quality of Life five dimensions questionnaire was administered at the beginning of each cycle, end of treatment, and every 3 months during follow-up; index value scores were calculated using the time trade-off (TTO) method for UK-weighted value sets. Questionnaire adherence during the trial was 87·5% ( N  =   329). In an intent-to-treat analysis, compared with placebo, TTO scores in the BV arm did not exceed the minimally important difference (MID) of 0·08 except at month 15 (−0·084; 95% confidence interval, −0·143 to −0·025). On-treatment index scores were similar between arms and did not reach the MID at any time point; mixed-effect modelling showed that BV treatment effect was not significant ( P  =   0·2127). BV-associated peripheral neuropathy did not meaningfully impact QOL. Utility scores for patients who progressed declined compared with those who did not; TTO scores between these patients exceeded the MID beginning at month 15. In conclusion, QOL decreased modestly with BV consolidation treatment in patients with RR-HL at high risk of relapse after auto-HSCT.
    Print ISSN: 0007-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Refocused turbo spin-echo for noncontrast peripheral MR angiography (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-05
    Description: Purpose To develop and assess a three-dimensional refocused turbo spin-echo (rTSE) sequence for generating peripheral angiograms. This sequence combines the rapid T 2 -weighting of TSE and the better flow performance of the fully-refocused gradients of balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP), along with bSSFP-style phase alternation of refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulses. Materials and Methods The signal behavior generated by such a sequence was explored through Bloch equation simulations. The rTSE and TSE sequences were both used to generate peripheral angiograms in nine normal volunteers. The signal to noise ratio, contrast resolution, and vessel sharpness of the resulting images were used as bases for comparison. Additionally, the rTSE sequence was applied in four patients with peripheral artery disease to preliminarily assess its efficacy in a clinical setting through quality scoring by two experienced radiologists. Results The rTSE's RF phase alternation approach out-performs a simple balanced-gradient CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) -style TSE sequence in the presence of B 0 and B 1 inhomogeneities. In volunteers, the rTSE sequence yielded better arterial–venous contrast (0.378 ± 0.145 versus 0.155 ± 0.202; P 〈 0.01) and increased vessel sharpness (0.340 ± 0.034 versus 0.263 ± 0.034; P 〈 0.005) over TSE images. Stenoses visible in conventional angiographic images in patients were successfully imaged with the rTSE sequence; however, image quality scores in patients were lower than in volunteers (1.2 ± 0.38 versus 3.0 ± 1.0; P 〈 0.05). Conclusion The rTSE sequence generates nonsubtractive, flow-independent, peripheral MR angiograms with better arterial–venous contrast and vessel sharpness in normal volunteers than a conventional TSE sequence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .
    Print ISSN: 1053-1807
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2586
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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