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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of wool keratin: Part I. Vibrational spectroscopic studies (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 2 (1996), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The photodegradation of wool keratin is a very complex process that is not well understood. In this work the techniques of Fourier transform Raman and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopies have been used to study wool samples irradiated in air using a variety of different sources. The spectra obtained from these samples have been compared with those obtained from wool treated with sodium bisulphite, a reagent well known to produce thiol and S-sulfonate groups. As an aid for spectral interpretation the Raman and infrared spectra of cystine and those of the sodium and potassium cysteine-S-sulfonates have also been obtained. The data suggest that there are two different photolytic reaction pathways involving the cystine residues which are dependent on the wavelength of the applied radiation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
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    A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-20
    Description: [1]  The evolution of ocean temperature measurement systems is presented with a focus on the development and accuracy of two critical devices in use today (expendable bathythermographs and CTDs – conductivity-temperature-depth instruments used on Argo floats). A detailed discussion of the accuracy of these devices and a projection of the future of ocean temperature measurements are provided. The accuracy of ocean temperature measurements is discussed in detail in the context of ocean heat content, Earth's energy imbalance, and thermosteric sea level rise. Up-to-date estimates are provided for these three important quantities. The total energy imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere is best assessed by taking an inventory of changes in energy storage. The main storage is in the ocean; the latest values of which are presented. Furthermore, despite differences in measurement methods and analysis techniques, multiple studies show that there has been a multi-decadal increase in the heat content of both the upper and deep ocean regions, which reflect the impact of anthropogenic warming. With respect to sea-level rise, mutually reinforcing information from tide gauges and radar altimetry show that presently, sea-level is rising at approximately 3 mm yr -1 with contributions from both thermal expansion and mass accumulation from ice melt. The latest data for thermal expansion sea-level rise are included here and analyzed.
    Print ISSN: 8755-1209
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    What is the “active layer?” (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-28
    Description: We note the presence in the literature of two different concepts of the term ‘active layer’ in relation to fluvial sediment transport. It has been used to represent the current dynamically active streambed surface, or to represent the depth of event-scale scour and fill. These concepts involve distinct length and time scales. We propose that, when the distinction is important, the concepts be distinguished as either a ‘dynamical active layer' or an ‘event active layer'. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Regional Sea Level Variability and Trends, 1960–2007: A Comparison of Sea Level Reconstructions and Ocean Syntheses (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-26
    Description: Several existing statistical and dynamical reconstructions of past regional sea level variability and trends are compared with each other and with tide gauges over the 48-yr period 1960–2007, partially pre-dating the satellite altimetry era. Evaluated statistical reconstructions were built from tide gauge data (TGR), and dynamical reconstructions from ocean data assimilation (ODA) approaches. Although most of the TGRs yield global-mean time series of sea level with trends deviating within only ±0.1 mm yr −1 , the spatial anomalies of the trends deviate substantially between the reconstructions over the period predating altimetry. In contrast, TGRs match observed regional trend patterns fairly well during the satellite altimetry era. TGRs match tide gauge data better than ODA results; however, they exhibit less variability in the open ocean compared to altimetric data. Over the pre-altimetry period, all reconstructed regional sea level trend patterns deviate substantially from each other. In terms of detrended correlations in this earlier period, the reconstructions match tide gauges, and each other, much better in the Pacific than in the Atlantic. An ensemble of all TGR and ODA estimates provides some improvements in correlations and trends to both tide gauges and altimetry. Nevertheless, a lack of independent open-ocean sea surface height data predating altimetry makes impossible the validation of the ensemble for pre-altimetry open ocean sea level trends and variability. Estimating regional sea level changes prior to altimetry therefore remains an unsolved challenge.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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