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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-05-30
    Description: Ballast water of ships has been recognized as a major vector for the unintentional transfer of exotic aquatic organisms between and within many parts of the world. Studies in several European ports have shown that most of the ballast water discharged originates from nearby sea areas indicating the importance of secondary introductions. However, the patterns of interregional transfer of exotic species within Europe remain largely unknown. The present study examined the transfer of phyto- and zooplankton organisms in the ballast water to assess the potential for the transport of invasive aquatic species between the Baltic Sea and the open Atlantic coast of Europe. Six potentially toxic phytoplankton species were found in the ballast water examined. In four ballast water sampling trials no significant changes in abundance of both phyto- and zooplankton organisms were observed during first 3–4 days of experiment. Even in the end of the longest sampling trial (15 days) millions of plankton organisms were found. The results obtained indicate the importance of interregional European shipping in the dispersal of exotic plankton organisms.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-05-30
    Description: A major vector for unintentional species introductions is international shipping. A wide range of organisms have been transported over long distances in ships' ballast tanks and as hull fouling. Although many desk studies and ship sampling programmes have been carried out, little information is available on changing numbers of individuals in ballast water during voyages. Detailed information could assist in evaluating the dimension of species import and future risks of unintentional species introductions by ballast water. The first European study, organised as a concerted action team and financed by the European Union, carried out several long-term and short-term workshops on board ships undertaking international voyages. The preliminary results from sampling the ballast water of the first four oceangoing workshops of this Concerted Action showed a decrease in numbers of specimens and taxa over time.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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