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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Tissue‐ and diet‐dependent stable carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination: a calibration study in a captive shorebird species
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Avian Biology Vol. 2023, No. 9-10 ( 2023-09)
    Details
    In: Journal of Avian Biology, Wiley, Vol. 2023, No. 9-10 ( 2023-09)
    Abstract: In ecology, stable‐isotope ratios are widely used to determine diets of organisms and reconstruct food webs. This is usually done by analyzing the stable‐isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ 15 N), which increase with increasing trophic level, and those of carbon (δ 13 C), which correlate with the δ 13 C value of food source(s) and generally differ between terrestrial and marine food sources. Assimilation of food changes stable‐isotope ratios, resulting in different values between the food source and its consumer. These differences are known as isotope trophic discrimination factors and, if known, can be used to determine from the stable‐isotope ratios in the consumer's tissue what the consumer has been eating. What is often ignored is that discrimination factors can differ between consumer's food sources and also between tissue types. Therefore, we performed a controlled feeding study in red knots Calidris canutus to determine discrimination factors between different food sources and red knot tissues. We kept two groups of red knots in captivity on a stable diet, one group feeding on mudsnails and the other on Trouvit pellets, for several months, during which the birds molted their feathers. We analyzed δ 13 C and δ 15 N in both food sources and in five red knot tissues (blood cells, blood plasma and three feather types) and subsequently calculated the isotope discrimination factors. We confirmed that the discrimination factors differed between tissues, and also between diets. Our values deviated from general averages reported in reviews on a wide range of animals/birds, but were very similar to values from previous red knot and dunlin studies. We therefore think that our discrimination factors can be used in future stable isotope studies, not only on red knots, but also on other marine shorebird species and plea for careful consideration of using the right discrimination factors. Keywords: δ 13 C, δ 15 N, discrimination factor, red knot, shorebird, stable isotope
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0908-8857 , 1600-048X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jav.v2023.i9-10
    DOI: 10.1111/jav.03094
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028018-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Exploration speed in captivity predicts foraging tactics and diet in free‐living red knots
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Ecology Vol. 91, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 356-366
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 91, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 356-366
    Abstract: Yiyecek arama taktikleri ve beslenmede çeşitlilik genellikle morfoloji, deneyim ve av mevcudiyetindeki farklılıklara bağlanır. Davranıştaki tutarlı bireysel farklılıkların (kişiliklerin) yiyecek arama stratejileri ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Cesur veya kaşif bireyler daha riskli alanlarda veya daha fazla hareket etseler bile, bu riskin ya da fazla haraketin maliyetlerini karlı yiyecek arama fırsatları ve avlarla karşılaşarak yüksek enerji kazanımlarıyla dengelediği tahmin edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, kişilik, yiyecek arama ve beslenme arasındaki ilişki şimdiye kadar tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Laboratuvar deneylerini, saha gözlemlerini ve kararlı izotop analizini birleştirerek büyük kumkuşlarında Calidris canutus keşif davranışının yiyecek arama taktikleri ve beslenme biçimi ile nasıl ilişkili olduğunu araştırdık. İlk olarak, kontrollü ortamlarda kuşların keşif hızını ölçmek için deneysel bir kişilik testi geliştirdik. Bu deneysel yöntemi zaman ve bağlamlar içinde tekrar tekrar test ederek doğruladık. Kuşları yakalayıp test ettikten hemen sonraki günler içinde serbest bıraktık ve sahada aynı kuşları tekrardan bulup beslenme davranışlarını gözlemledik. Deneysel alanda ölçtüğümüz keşif hızının vahşi doğada yiyecek arama taktikleri ve beslenme farklılıklarıyla ilişkili olup olmadığını sorduk. Dokunsal arama taktiği kullanan kumkuşların çoğunlukla kumun altında gömülü olan sert kabuklu (midye gibi) avları yakaladığını, görsel arama taktiği kullanan kumkuşlarının da yalnızca yüzeye yakın veya yüzeyde bulunan yumuşak (karides gibi) avları yakaladığını bulduk. Analiz sonuçlarımız hızlı kaşiflerin, yavaş kaşiflerden daha yüksek bir görsel arama taktiği kullandığını buna karşılık, morfolojinin (gaga uzunluğunun ve mide kası boyutunun) yiyecek arama taktikleri üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmadigini gösterdi. Kandaki plazma ve kırmızı kan hücrelerinin δ 15 N ve δ 13 C kararlı izotop değerlerine dayanan beslenme analizimiz yavaş kaşiflerin esas olarak sert kabuklu avları tüketirken, hızlı kaşiflerin daha çok yumuşak avları tükettiğini göstererek saha gözlemlerimizi doğruladı. Bulgularımız, yiyecek arama taktikleri ve beslenmenin, morfolojik farklılıklardan bağımsız olarak bir kişilik özelliği ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular kişiliğin yiyecek arama taktikleri, av türü ve yiyecek arama verimliliği arasındaki olumlu geri bildirimler aracılığıyla yaşamın erken dönemlerinde geliştiğine işaret ediyor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8790 , 1365-2656
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jane.v91.2
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13632
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006616-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Autotrophy of green non-sulphur bacteria in hot spring microbial mats: biological explanations for isotopically heavy organic carbon in the geological record
    Wiley ; 2000
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2000-08), p. 428-435
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2000-08), p. 428-435
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00124.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of carbon metabolism on 13 C signatures of cyanobacteria and green non‐sulfur‐like bacteria inhabiting a microbial mat from an alkaline siliceous hot spring in Yellowstone National Park (USA)
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2007-02), p. 482-491
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2007-02), p. 482-491
    Abstract: Alkaline siliceous hot spring microbial mats in Yellowstone National Park are composed of two dominant phototropic groups, cyanobacteria and green non‐sulfur‐like bacteria (GNSLB). While cyanobacteria are thought to cross‐feed low‐molecular‐weight organic compounds to support photoheterotrophic metabolism in GNSLB, it is unclear how this could lead to the heavier stable carbon isotopic signatures in GNSLB lipids compared with cyanobacterial lipids found in previous studies. The two groups of phototrophs were separated using percoll density gradient centrifugation and subsequent lipid and stable carbon isotopic analysis revealed that we obtained fractions with a ∼60‐fold enrichment in cyanobacterial and an approximately twofold enrichment in GNSLB biomass, respectively, compared with the mat itself. This technique was used to study the diel cycling and 13 C content of the glucose pools in and the uptake of 13 C‐bicarbonate by the cyanobacteria and GNSLB, as well as the transfer of incorporated 13 C from cyanobacteria to GNSLB. The results show that cyanobacteria have the highest bicarbonate uptake rates and accumulate glucose during the afternoon in full light conditions. In contrast, GNSLB have relatively higher bicarbonate uptake rates compared with cyanobacteria in the morning at low light levels. During the night GNSLB take up carbon that is likely derived through fermentation of cyanobacterial glucose enriched in 13 C. The assimilation of 13 C‐enriched cyanobacterial carbon may thus lead to enriched 13 C‐contents of GNSLB cell components.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.2007.9.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01165.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stable nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids as a new tool to clarify complex parasite–host interactions within food webs
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Oikos Vol. 130, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1650-1664
    Details
    In: Oikos, Wiley, Vol. 130, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1650-1664
    Abstract: Traditional bulk isotopic analysis is a pivotal tool for mapping consumer–resource interactions in food webs but has largely failed to adequately describe parasite–host relationships. Thus, parasite–host interactions remain undescribed in food web frameworks despite these relationships increasing linkage density, connectance and ecosystem biomass. Compound‐specific stable isotopes from amino acids provides a promising novel approach that may aid in mapping parasite–host relationships in food webs. Here we apply a combination of traditional bulk stable isotope analyses and compound‐specific isotopic analysis of nitrogen in amino acids to examine resource use and trophic interactions of five parasites from three hosts from a marine coastal food web (Wadden Sea, European Atlantic). By comparing isotopic compositions of bulk and amino acid nitrogen, we aimed to characterize isotopic fractionation occurring between parasites and their hosts and to clarify parasite trophic positions. Our results indicate that parasitic trophic interactions were more accurately identified using compound‐specific stable isotope analysis due to removal of underlying source isotopic variation for both parasites and hosts. The compound‐specific method provided clearer trophic discrimination factors in comparison to bulk isotope methods. Amino acid compound specific isotope analysis has widely been applied to examine trophic position within food webs, but our analyses suggest that the method is particularly useful for clarifying the feeding strategies for parasitic species. Baseline isotopic information provided by source amino acids allows clear identification of the fractionation from parasite metabolism by integrating underlying isotopic variations from the host tissues. However, like for bulk isotope analysis, the application of a universal trophic discrimination factor to parasite–host relationships remains inappropriate for compound‐specific stable isotope analysis. Despite this limitation, compound‐specific stable isotope analysis is and will continue to be a valuable tool to increase our understanding of parasitic interactions in marine food webs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-1299 , 1600-0706
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.2021.v130.i10
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.08450
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025658-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207359-6
    SSG: 12
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