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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of gut microbiota in three species belonging to different genera ( Hemitragus , Pseudois , and Ovis ) from the subfamily Caprinae in the absence of environmental variance
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, No. 17 ( 2021-09), p. 12129-12140
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 17 ( 2021-09), p. 12129-12140
    Abstract: This study aimed to identify the effects of host species on the gut microbial flora in three species ( Hemitragus jemlahicus , Pseudois nayaur , and Ovis orientalis ) from the subfamily Caprinae, by excluding the impact of environment factors. We investigated the differences in intestinal flora of three species belonging to Caprinae, which were raised in identical conditions. Fecal samples were collected from tahr, mouflon, and bharal, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that fecal samples were mainly composed of four phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Proteobacteria. The most abundant phyla included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounting for 〉 90% of the bacteria, and a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed in tahrs. Moreover, significant differences existed at multiple levels of classifications in the relative abundance of intestinal flora, differing greatly between species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that mouflon is closely related to bharal, and it is inconsistent with previous reports in the species evolutionary relationships. In this study, we demonstrated that the gut microbiota in tahr had a stronger ability to absorb and store energy from the diet compared with mouflon and bharal, and the characteristics of host–microbiome interactions were not significant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v11.17
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7976
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in the sable Martes zibellina (Carnivora, Mustelidae)
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-04), p. 3439-3449
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-04), p. 3439-3449
    Abstract: The molecules encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play an essential role in the adaptive immune response among vertebrates. We investigated the molecular evolution of MHC class I genes in the sable Martes zibellina . We isolated 26 MHC class I sequences, including 12 putatively functional sequences and 14 pseudogene sequences, from 24 individuals from two geographic areas of northeast China. The number of putatively functional sequences found in a single individual ranged from one to five, which might be at least 1–3 loci. We found that both balancing selection and recombination contribute to evolution of MHC class I genes in M. zibellina . In addition, we identified a candidate nonclassical MHC class I lineage in Carnivora, which may have preceded the divergence (about 52 – 57 Mya) of Caniformia and Feliformia. This may contribute to further understanding of the origin and evolution of nonclassical MHC class I genes. Our study provides important immune information of MHC for M. zibellina, as well as other carnivores.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v10.7
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6140
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Comparative studies of the growth, survival, and reproduction of diploid and triploid Kumamoto oyster, Crassostrea sikamea
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Vol. 50, No. 4 ( 2019-08), p. 866-877
    Details
    In: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Wiley, Vol. 50, No. 4 ( 2019-08), p. 866-877
    Abstract: Triploid oysters have been used for farming to improve growth but have not been created in the Kumamoto oyster, Crassostrea sikamea , which is one of the crucial aquaculture species on the southern coast of China. In the present study, triploids were created using cytochalasin B to inhibit polar body II release in C. sikamea , with the untreated oysters as controls. Triploidy rates of 87 and 57.67%, on average, were obtained in larvae and adults, respectively. Larval growth and survival of the triploid were significantly lower than that of the controls ( p   〈  0.05). In contrast, the triploid postlarvae and adults had a significant growth advantage over the controls ( p   〈  0.05) during the period of 180 (December) to 450 days (September of the next year). Moreover, the triploids clearly exhibited significant sterility in the reproductive season. The glycogen and triglyceride contents in the gonad, adductor muscle, mantle, and gill were higher in triploids than in controls from 180 to 450 days. As a result, high physiological energy supply was strongly correlated with superior growth and reduced reproduction in triploid C. sikamea . The triploid C. sikamea is an excellent oyster species and can be used to improve growth for C. sikamea farming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0893-8849 , 1749-7345
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jwas.v50.4
    DOI: 10.1111/jwas.12596
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2233509-2
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Convergent evolution of the gut microbiome in marine carnivores
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10)
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10)
    Abstract: The gut microbiome can help the host adapt to a variety of environments and is affected by many factors. Marine carnivores have unique habitats in extreme environments. The question of whether marine habitats surpass phylogeny to drive the convergent evolution of the gut microbiome in marine carnivores remains unanswered. In the present study, we compared the gut microbiomes of 16 species from different habitats. Principal component analysis (PCA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) separated three groups according to their gut microbiomes: marine carnivores, terrestrial carnivores, and terrestrial herbivores. The alpha diversity and niche breadth of the gut microbiome of marine carnivores were lower than those of the gut microbiome of terrestrial carnivores and terrestrial herbivores. The gut microbiome of marine carnivores harbored many marine microbiotas, including those belonging to the phyla Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and the genus Peptoclostridium . Collectively, these results revealed that marine habitats drive the convergent evolution of the gut microbiome of marine carnivores. This study provides a new perspective on the adaptive evolution of marine carnivores.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v12.10
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9373
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FGF gene family characterization provides insights into its adaptive evolution in Carnivora
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2021-07), p. 9837-9847
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2021-07), p. 9837-9847
    Abstract: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) encoded by the FGF gene family can regulate development and physiology in animals. However, their evolutionary characteristics in Carnivora are largely unknown. In this study, we identified 660 sequences of three types of FGF genes from 30 unannotated genomes of Carnivora animals (before 7th May 2020), and the FGF genes from 52 Carnivora species were analyzed through the method of comparative genomics. Phylogenetic and selective pressure analyses were carried out based on the FGF genes of these 52 Carnivora species. The phylogenetic analysis results demonstrated that the FGF gene family was divided into 10 subfamilies and that FGF5 formed one clade rather than belonging to the subfamilies of FGF4 and FGF6 . The evolutionary analysis results showed that the FGF genes were prominently subjected to purifying selection and were highly conserved in the process of Carnivora evolution. We also carried out phylogenetic comparative analyses, which indicated that the habitat was one of the factors that shaped the evolution of Carnivora FGF genes. The FGF1 and FGF6 genes were positively selected in the Carnivora animals, and positive selection signals were detected for the FGF19 gene in semiaquatic Carnivora animals. In summary, we clarified the phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics of Carnivora FGF genes and provided valuable data for future studies on evolutionary characterization of Carnivora animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v11.14
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7814
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High‐altitude adaptation in vertebrates as revealed by mitochondrial genome analyses
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2021-11), p. 15077-15084
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2021-11), p. 15077-15084
    Abstract: The high‐altitude environment may drive vertebrate evolution in a certain way, and vertebrates living in different altitude environments might have different energy requirements. We hypothesized that the high‐altitude environment might impose different influences on vertebrate mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). We used selection pressure analyses and PIC (phylogenetic independent contrasts) analysis to detect the evolutionary rate of vertebrate mtDNA protein‐coding genes (PCGs) from different altitudes. The results showed that the ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous substitutions ( dN/dS ) in the mtDNA PCGs was significantly higher in high‐altitude vertebrates than in low‐altitude vertebrates. The seven rapidly evolving genes were shared by the high‐altitude vertebrates, and only one positive selection gene ( ND5  gene) was detected in the high‐altitude vertebrates. Our results suggest the mtDNA evolutionary rate in high‐altitude vertebrates was higher than in low‐altitude vertebrates as their evolution requires more energy in a high‐altitude environment. Our study demonstrates the high‐altitude environment (low atmospheric O 2  levels) drives vertebrate evolution in mtDNA PCGs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v11.21
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8189
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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