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  • 1
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 101, No. 11 ( 2020-11)
    Abstract: Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    In: The FEBS Journal, Wiley, Vol. 288, No. 3 ( 2021-02), p. 930-944
    Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in poor communities without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. Transmission has been reported in 78 countries, and its control depends on a single drug, praziquantel, which has been used over the past 30 years. Our work is focused on exploiting target‐based drug discovery strategies to develop new therapeutics to treat schistosomiasis. In particular, we are interested in evaluating the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) as a drug target. DHODH is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of ( S )‐dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate during the fourth and only redox step of the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. Previously, we identified atovaquone, used in the treatment of malaria, and its analogues, as potent and selective inhibitors against Schistosoma mansoni DHODH ( SmDHODH ). In the present article, we report the first crystal structure of SmDHODH in complex with the atovaquone analogue inhibitor 2‐((4‐fluorophenyl)amino)‐3‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione (QLA). We discuss three major findings: (a) the open conformation of the active site loop and the unveiling of a novel transient druggable pocket for class 2 DHODHs; (b) the presence of a protuberant domain, only present in Schistosoma spp DHODHs, that was found to control and modulate the dynamics of the inhibitor binding site; (c) a detailed description of an unexpected binding mode for the atovaquone analogue to Sm DHODH. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the catalytic mechanism performed by class 2 DHODHs and provide the molecular basis for structure‐guided design of Sm DHODH inhibitors. Database The structural data are available in Protein Data Bank (PDB) database under the accession code number 6UY4 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-464X , 1742-4658
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2172518-4
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Computational Chemistry, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2016-02-15), p. 506-541
    Abstract: In this report, we summarize and describe the recent unique updates and additions to the M olcas quantum chemistry program suite as contained in release version 8. These updates include natural and spin orbitals for studies of magnetic properties, local and linear scaling methods for the Douglas–Kroll–Hess transformation, the generalized active space concept in MCSCF methods, a combination of multiconfigurational wave functions with density functional theory in the MC‐PDFT method, additional methods for computation of magnetic properties, methods for diabatization, analytical gradients of state average complete active space SCF in association with density fitting, methods for constrained fragment optimization, large‐scale parallel multireference configuration interaction including analytic gradients via the interface to the C olumbus package, and approximations of the CASPT2 method to be used for computations of large systems. In addition, the report includes the description of a computational machinery for nonlinear optical spectroscopy through an interface to the QM/MM package C obramm . Further, a module to run molecular dynamics simulations is added, two surface hopping algorithms are included to enable nonadiabatic calculations, and the DQ method for diabatization is added. Finally, we report on the subject of improvements with respects to alternative file options and parallelization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0192-8651 , 1096-987X
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 4
    In: Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 7 ( 2014-07), p. 1988-2004
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-3820
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036375-8
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  • 5
    In: Plant Direct, Wiley, Vol. 4, No. 8 ( 2020-08)
    Abstract: Plants, and the biological systems around them, are key to the future health of the planet and its inhabitants. The Plant Science Decadal Vision 2020–2030 frames our ability to perform vital and far‐reaching research in plant systems sciences, essential to how we value participants and apply emerging technologies. We outline a comprehensive vision for addressing some of our most pressing global problems through discovery, practical applications, and education. The Decadal Vision was developed by the participants at the Plant Summit 2019, a community event organized by the Plant Science Research Network. The Decadal Vision describes a holistic vision for the next decade of plant science that blends recommendations for research, people, and technology. Going beyond discoveries and applications, we, the plant science community, must implement bold, innovative changes to research cultures and training paradigms in this era of automation, virtualization, and the looming shadow of climate change. Our vision and hopes for the next decade are encapsulated in the phrase reimagining the potential of plants for a healthy and sustainable future. The Decadal Vision recognizes the vital intersection of human and scientific elements and demands an integrated implementation of strategies for research (Goals 1–4), people (Goals 5 and 6), and technology (Goals 7 and 8). This report is intended to help inspire and guide the research community, scientific societies, federal funding agencies, private philanthropies, corporations, educators, entrepreneurs, and early career researchers over the next 10 years. The research encompass experimental and computational approaches to understanding and predicting ecosystem behavior; novel production systems for food, feed, and fiber with greater crop diversity, efficiency, productivity, and resilience that improve ecosystem health; approaches to realize the potential for advances in nutrition, discovery and engineering of plant‐based medicines, and "green infrastructure." Launching the Transparent Plant will use experimental and computational approaches to break down the phytobiome into a "parts store" that supports tinkering and supports query, prediction, and rapid‐response problem solving. Equity, diversity, and inclusion are indispensable cornerstones of realizing our vision. We make recommendations around funding and systems that support customized professional development. Plant systems are frequently taken for granted therefore we make recommendations to improve plant awareness and community science programs to increase understanding of scientific research. We prioritize emerging technologies, focusing on non‐invasive imaging, sensors, and plug‐and‐play portable lab technologies, coupled with enabling computational advances. Plant systems science will benefit from data management and future advances in automation, machine learning, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence‐assisted data integration, pattern identification, and decision making. Implementation of this vision will transform plant systems science and ripple outwards through society and across the globe. Beyond deepening our biological understanding, we envision entirely new applications. We further anticipate a wave of diversification of plant systems practitioners while stimulating community engagement, underpinning increasing entrepreneurship. This surge of engagement and knowledge will help satisfy and stoke people's natural curiosity about the future, and their desire to prepare for it, as they seek fuller information about food, health, climate and ecological systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2475-4455 , 2475-4455
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
    In: European Journal of Neurology, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 509-515
    Abstract: For patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large‐vessel occlusion, it has recently been shown that mechanical thrombectomy ( MT ) with stent retrievers is better than medical treatment alone. However, few hospitals can provide MT 24 h/day 365 days/year, and it remains unclear whether selected patients with acute stroke should be directly transferred to the nearest MT ‐providing hospital to prevent treatment delays. Clinical scales such as Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation ( RACE ) have been developed to predict large‐vessel occlusion at a pre‐hospital level, but their predictive value for MT is low. We propose new criteria to identify patients eligible for MT , with higher accuracy. Methods The Di rect Referral to Endovascular Center criteria were defined based on a retrospective cohort of 317 patients admitted to a stroke center. The association of age, sex, RACE scale score and blood pressure with the likelihood of receiving MT were analyzed. Cut‐off points with the highest association were thereafter evaluated in a prospective cohort of 153 patients from nine stroke units comprising the Madrid Stroke Network. Results Patients with a RACE scale score ≥ 5, systolic blood pressure 〈 190 mmHg and age 〈 81 years showed a significantly higher probability of undergoing MT (odds ratio, 33.38; 95% confidence interval, 12–92.9). This outcome was confirmed in the prospective cohort, with 68% sensitivity, 84% specificity, 42% positive and 94% negative predictive values for MT , ruling out 83% of hemorrhagic strokes. Conclusions The Di rect Referral to Endovascular Center criteria could be useful for identifying patients suitable for MT .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-5101 , 1468-1331
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020241-6
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  • 7
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 230, No. 3 ( 2021-05), p. 1228-1241
    Abstract: There are multiple hypotheses for the spectacular plant diversity found in deserts. We explore how different factors, including the roles of ecological opportunity and selection, promote diversification and disparification in Encelia , a lineage of woody plants in the deserts of the Americas. Using a nearly complete species‐level phylogeny based on double‐digest restriction‐aided sequencing along with a broad set of phenotypic traits, we estimate divergence times and diversification rates, identify instances of hybridization, quantify trait disparity and assess phenotypic divergence across environmental gradients. We show that Encelia originated and diversified recently (mid‐Pleistocene) and rapidly, with rates comparable to notable adaptive radiations in plants. Encelia probably originated in the hot deserts of North America, with subsequent diversification across steep environmental gradients. We uncover multiple instances of gene flow between species. The radiation of Encelia is characterized by fast rates of phenotypic evolution, trait lability and extreme disparity across environments and between species pairs with overlapping geographic ranges. Encelia exemplifies how interspecific gene flow in combination with high trait lability can enable exceptionally fast diversification and disparification across steep environmental gradients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2013-04), p. 646-661
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-0270
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 188963-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  American Journal of Botany Vol. 100, No. 3 ( 2013-03), p. 526-545
    In: American Journal of Botany, Wiley, Vol. 100, No. 3 ( 2013-03), p. 526-545
    Abstract: • Premise of the study: The mountains of South America are hotspots of plant diversity. How this diversity originated and evolved, and what roles geographic and environmental factors may have played in the diversification of lineages occurring in these regions, is not well understood. Escallonia , a morphologically and ecologically diverse group of shrubs and trees widely distributed in these mountains, provides an ideal opportunity for studying the historical underpinnings that have shaped the extraordinarily distinctive, diverse, and endangered flora of these regions, and for evaluating the role of abiotic factors in the process of lineage divergence. • Methods: I analyzed neutral DNA sequence data from two nuclear loci and one chloroplast locus using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian phylogenetic approaches. I used a Bayesian approach to analyze the geographic structure of gene trees, and a phylogenetically controlled decomposition of the variance in bioclimatic variables to analyze the eco‐climatic structure of gene trees. • Key Results: I found that Escallonia (1) is monophyletic, (2) has a remarkable level of geographic and climatic phylogenetic structure, (3) likely originated in the tropical Andes, and (4) has a widespread absence of species exclusivity. • Conclusions: Geography played an important role early in the history of Escallonia by separating populations that later diversify likely in isolation. Although geographic isolation was generally accompanied by changes in climate, it is not clear whether environmental gradients along elevation have influenced more recent diversification events or whether species have evolved broader environmental tolerances.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9122 , 1537-2197
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 1982
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 74, No. 4 ( 1982-07), p. 607-612
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 74, No. 4 ( 1982-07), p. 607-612
    Abstract: Nitrogen fixed by a legume crop can be measured in a field fertilized with labeled 15 N when a suitable non‐fixing reference crop is grown also. Legume and reference crop, respectively, are used with 15 N fertilizer to determine available soil plus fixed N and available soil N. Nitrogen derived from fixation is computed from the difference between these two estimates of N availability. Suitability of a reference crop depends on its utilization of fertilizer and soil N in the same proportion as the legume crop. Because this cannot be evaluated directly, the acceptability of reference crop data was examined by determining whether the proportion of fertilizer and soil S taken up by legume and non‐fixing reference crops is the same. Various reference crops for determining N fixation by broadbean ( Vicia faba L.) and by soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) were examined by this approach in field experiments on a Typic Eutrocrept using 15 N and 35 S labeled ammonium sulfate to determine plant available amounts (A‐values) of N and S in the soil. Nitrogen A‐values for broadbean were clearly higher than for any of the non‐fixing crops at two harvest dates. At physiological maturity of the legume, N fixation estimated from A‐value comparisons was approximately 140 kg/ha. Sulfur A‐values were reasonably similar among all crops studied but somewhat lower for oil radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) which proved to be an inappropriate reference because it took up much more S than the other crops. Nitrogen A‐values for inoculated soybeans at the R 3 stage of maturity were similar to those for the several reference crops including non‐nodulating soybeans. At stage R 6 , N fixation was clearly evident from A‐value comparisons but no greater than 60 kg/ha. By creating a N deficient condition in the soil using sucrose to immobilize N in an experiment with soybeans, the percentage of N in the crop derived from fixation was increased from 30 to 80%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1982
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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