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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Small scale environmental variation modulates plant defence syndromes of understorey plants in deciduous forests of Europe
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 205-219
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 205-219
    Abstract: Variation in plant defence traits has been frequently assessed along large‐scale macroclimatic clines. In contrast, local‐scale changes in the environment have recently been proposed to also modulate plant defence traits. Yet, the relative importance of drivers at both scales has never been tested. We aimed to quantify the relative importance of environmental drivers inherent to large and small spatial scales on the physical and chemical defence and tolerance to herbivory in understorey plant species of deciduous forests of Europe. Location Deciduous forests in Europe. Time period Present. Major taxa studied Forest understorey plants. Methods We sampled four typical ancient forest herbs ( Anemone nemorosa , Oxalis acetosella , Deschampsia cespitosa , Milium effusum ) along small and large spatial scale gradients (those driven by latitude, elevation, forest management and distance to the forest edge), and analysed a suite of nine constitutively expressed traits associated with overall resistance to herbivory, and their multivariate response to environmental clines. Results Although our study included a large gradient in macroclimate, we found variation in the local environment at small spatial scales (i.e. soil nutrient concentration and forest structural complexity) to be more important in predicting plant resistance to herbivory. Main conclusions In addition to macroclimatic conditions, subtle differences in forest microclimate and soil characteristics also played a major role in modulating plant defence phenotypes. These findings highlight the importance of the local habitat structure and environmental conditions in modulating plant resistance to herbivory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v30.1
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13216
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479787-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021283-5
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  • 2
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    Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of understorey plants respond differently to environmental conditions in European forest edges
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 109, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 2629-2648
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 109, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 2629-2648
    Abstract: Wereldwijd ondervindt de biodiversiteit in bossen een invloed van klimaatsverandering, habitatverlies en fragmentatie en vandaag bevindt reeds 20% van de oppervlakte bos zich dichter dan 100 m bij een bosrand. Toch bevatten bosranden een substantieel aandeel van de terrestrische biodiversiteit, voornamelijk in de kruidlaag. De functionele en fylogenetische diversiteit van bosranden werd nog niet eerder tegelijkertijd met taxonomische soortendiversiteit onderzocht op een continentale schaal, ondanks het belang van functionele en fylogenetische aspecten voor het functioneren van bossen en de veerkracht van gemeenschappen. Wij onderzochten negen maten voor taxonomische, fylogenetische en functionele diversiteit van plantengemeenschappen in de kruidlaag in 225 plots langsheen bosrand‐tot‐boskern gradiënten in loofbossen verspreid doorheen Europa. Voor deze maten werd het relatieve effect en belang onderzocht van bodem‐, bosbestand‐ en landschaps‐karakteristieken. Hier tonen wij aan dat taxonomische, fylogenetische en functionele diversiteitmaten verschillend beïnvloed worden door milieufactoren. We rapporteren een stijging van de functionele diversiteit in een sterker gebufferd microklimaat, ondanks de lagere taxonomische soortenrijkdom. Bovendien was de taxonomische soortenrijkdom hoger aan de bosrand, maar hadden deze plantgemeenschappen een lagere fylogenetische diversiteit in bosranden met intermediaire tot hoge openheid van het bladerdek. De functionele en fylogenetische diversiteitmaten brachten complementaire en belangrijke inzichten naar voren omtrent de samenstellingsmechanismen van deze gemeenschappen. Verschillende milieu filters werden geïdentificeerd als potentiële mechanismes, zoals een kouder macroklimaat en minder gebufferd microklimaat voor functionele diversiteit. Voor fylogenetische diversiteit waren eigenschappen van de bodem dan weer meer belangrijk. Plantengemeenschappen in plots met een lagere bodem pH hadden een lagere taxonomische soortenrijkdom, maar een hogere fylogenetische diversiteit. Synthese . Bosrand‐tot‐boskern gradiënten en milieufactoren beïnvloeden de taxonomische, fylogenetische en functionele diversiteit van gemeenschappen in de kruidlaag op verschillende wijze. Daarom is het belangrijk om voorbij taxonomische soortenrijkdom te kijken bij het bestuderen van de biodiversiteit van plantengemeenschappen in de kruidlaag.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.v109.7
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13671
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
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  • 3
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    Edge influence on understorey plant communities depends on forest management
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2020-03), p. 281-292
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2020-03), p. 281-292
    Abstract: Does the influence of forest edges on plant species richness and composition depend on forest management? Do forest specialists and generalists show contrasting patterns? Location Mesic, deciduous forests across Europe. Methods Vegetation surveys were performed in forests with three management types (unthinned, thinned 5–10 years ago and recently thinned) along a macroclimatic gradient from Italy to Norway. In each of 45 forests, we established five vegetation plots along a south‐facing edge‐to‐interior gradient ( n  = 225). Forest specialist, generalist and total species richness, as well as evenness and proportion of specialists, were tested as a function of the management type and distance to the edge while accounting for several environmental variables (e.g. landscape composition and soil characteristics). Magnitude and distance of edge influence were estimated for species richness per management type. Results Greatest total species richness was found in thinned forests. Edge influence on generalist plant species richness was contingent on the management type, with the smallest decrease in species richness from the edge‐to‐interior in unthinned forests. In addition, generalist richness increased with the proportion of forests in the surrounding landscape and decreased in forests dominated by tree species that cast more shade. Forest specialist species richness, however, was not affected by management type or distance to the edge, and only increased with pH and increasing proportion of forests in the landscape. Conclusions Forest thinning affects the plant community composition along edge‐to‐interior transects of European forests, with richness of forest specialists and generalists responding differently. Therefore, future studies should take the forest management into account when interpreting edge‐to‐interior because both modify the microclimate, soil processes and deposition of polluting aerosols. This interaction is key to predict the effects of global change on forest plants in landscapes characterized by the mosaic of forest patches and agricultural land that is typical for Europe.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12844
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
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  • 4
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    Shifts in the rhizobiome during consecutive in planta enrichment for phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria differentially affect maize P status
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Microbial Biotechnology Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2021-07), p. 1594-1612
    Details
    In: Microbial Biotechnology, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2021-07), p. 1594-1612
    Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is despite its omnipresence in soils often unavailable for plants. Rhizobacteria able to solubilize P are therefore crucial to avoid P deficiency. Selection for phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is frequently done in vitro ; however, rhizosphere competence is herein overlooked. Therefore, we developed an in planta enrichment concept enabling simultaneous microbial selection for P‐solubilization and rhizosphere competence. We used an ecologically relevant combination of iron‐ and aluminium phosphate to select for PSB in maize ( Zea mays L.). In each consecutive enrichment, plant roots were inoculated with rhizobacterial suspensions from plants that had grown in substrate with insoluble P. To assess the plants’ P statuses, non‐destructive multispectral imaging was used for quantifying anthocyanins, a proxy for maize’s P status. After the third consecutive enrichment, plants supplied with insoluble P and inoculated with rhizobacterial suspensions showed a P status similar to plants supplied with soluble P. A parallel metabarcoding approach uncovered that the improved P status in the third enrichment coincided with a shift in the rhizobiome towards bacteria with plant growth‐promoting and P‐solubilizing capacities. Finally, further consecutive enrichment led to a functional relapse hallmarked by plants with a low P status and a second shift in the rhizobiome at the level of Azospirillaceae and Rhizobiaceae.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1751-7915 , 1751-7915
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mbt2.v14.4
    DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13824
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2406063-X
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  • 5
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    Tropical wood stores substantial amounts of nutrients, but we have limited understanding why
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Biotropica Vol. 54, No. 3 ( 2022-05), p. 596-606
    Details
    In: Biotropica, Wiley, Vol. 54, No. 3 ( 2022-05), p. 596-606
    Abstract: Rock‐derived nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are essential plant resources, yet depleted in highly weathered tropical soils, leading to nutrient limitation of productivity or other ecosystem processes. Despite this, substantial amounts of rock‐derived nutrients occur within wood, which raises questions about the role that wood nutrients play in the ecology of tropical forests. Using data from forests across the tropics, we quantify wood nutrient stocks at individual tree and ecosystem levels. At the ecosystem level, we show that tropical wood can store substantial amounts of rock‐derived nutrients. Furthermore, on a tree level, tree species vary widely in woody nutrient concentrations. These observations raise important questions as to the biogeochemical or ecological drivers that lead to this variability, as well as the role that woody tissue plays in the buffering and cycling of nutrients. We offer some potential explanations and direction for future research to explore this under‐appreciated but sizable store of inorganic nutrients in tropical biomass.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3606 , 1744-7429
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.v54.3
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.13069
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052061-X
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  • 6
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    Effect of Ion Exchange Resin Functionality on Catalytic Activity and Leaching of Palladium Nanoparticles in Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  ChemCatChem Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2017-02-06), p. 451-457
    Details
    In: ChemCatChem, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2017-02-06), p. 451-457
    Abstract: Macroporous ion exchange resin supported palladium nanoparticle (Pd‐NP) catalysts are prepared by an intermatrix synthesis. For the first time, the effect of resin functionality (weak acid, strong acid, strong base) on the NP size, their catalytic activity, and leaching is investigated in the Suzuki cross‐coupling of iodobenzene and phenylboronic acid. Whereas the smallest NPs (1.34 nm) are found in the thiol Ambersep GT74 resin, the sulfonic acid Lewatit K2629 and quaternary amine Lewatit MP500 OH resins resulted in NPs of a similar size (2.42 and 2.59 nm, respectively). Despite their smaller size, the NPs on Ambersep GT74 exhibited the lowest conversion (21.6 %), which is attributed to a too strong coordination of the NPs by the thiol groups. The conversions obtained by using Lewatit K2629 (76.8 %) and Lewatit MP500 OH (94.2 %) were considerably higher, the excellent performance of the latter catalyst being ascribed to the promoting effect of the hydroxyl groups on the transmetallation and reductive elimination steps in Suzuki cross‐coupling. No Pd leaching was observed when using Ambersep GT74 as the support, compared with Pd leaching amounting to 1.1 % and 4.8 % when using Lewatit MP500 OH and Lewatit K2629, respectively. Such low values indicate that ion exchange resins are ideal supports to stabilize the NPs. Particularly, the combination of high conversion and limited leaching on Lewatit MP500 OH opens up new perspectives for catalyzing Suzuki cross‐coupling with a heterogeneous catalyst.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-3880 , 1867-3899
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/cctc.v9.3
    DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601175
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2501161-3
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  • 7
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    EXAFS analysis of blue luminescence in polyoxytungstate citrate gels
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  physica status solidi (b) Vol. 245, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 2483-2489
    Details
    In: physica status solidi (b), Wiley, Vol. 245, No. 11 ( 2008-11), p. 2483-2489
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0370-1972 , 1521-3951
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/pssb.v245:11
    DOI: 10.1002/pssb.200880255
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208851-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481096-7
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  • 8
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    Uncovering the biofumigant capacity of allyl isothiocyanate from several Brassicaceae crops against Fusarium pathogens in maize
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol. 100, No. 15 ( 2020-12), p. 5476-5486
    Details
    In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Wiley, Vol. 100, No. 15 ( 2020-12), p. 5476-5486
    Abstract: Driven by environmental concerns, chemical fumigants are no longer allowed in many countries. Therefore, other strategies for reducing fungal inoculum in soils and on crop debris are being explored. In the present study, several Brassicaceae crops were screened for their potential to control Fusarium gramineaum and Fusarium poae mycelial growth in an in vitro inverted Petri dish experiment. Volatile production was measured using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry headspace analysis. A selection of cultivars from each crop species was further investigated using a pot experiment with maize. RESULTS Ethiopian mustard ( Brassica carinata ) and brown mustard ( Brassica juncea ) released volatile allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and a higher concentration of AITC was correlated with a better fungal growth reduction in the in vitro screening. Brown mustard cultivar Etamine completely inhibited growth of both Fusarium spp. Pure AITC in a solution with methanol resulted in a sigmoid dose–response curve for both Fusarium spp. tested. Fusarium poae appeared to be more tolerant to AITC than F. graminearum . A pot experiment revealed that the incorporation of brown mustard plant material could alleviate the clear negative effect of F. graminearum infection on maize growth. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated the correlation between the fungistatic effect of biofumigation crops on Fusarium spp. and their production of volatile AITC in vitro , without the addition of exogenous enzymes, and confirmed the biofumigation potential of brown mustard in a pot experiment with maize. These results may help farmers when selecting a green manure crop suitable for biofumigation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-5142 , 1097-0010
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.v100.15
    DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10599
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001807-1
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  • 9
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    Century‐long apparent decrease in intrinsic water‐use efficiency with no evidence of progressive nutrient limitation in African tropical forests
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 4449-4461
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 4449-4461
    Abstract: Forests exhibit leaf‐ and ecosystem‐level responses to environmental changes. Specifically, rising carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels over the past century are expected to have increased the intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) of tropical trees while the ecosystem is gradually pushed into progressive nutrient limitation. Due to the long‐term character of these changes, however, observational datasets to validate both paradigms are limited in space and time. In this study, we used a unique herbarium record to go back nearly a century and show that despite the rise in CO 2 concentrations, iWUE has decreased in central African tropical trees in the Congo Basin. Although we find evidence that points to leaf‐level adaptation to increasing CO 2 —that is, increasing photosynthesis‐related nutrients and decreasing maximum stomatal conductance, a decrease in leaf δ 13 C clearly indicates a decreasing iWUE over time. Additionally, the stoichiometric carbon to nitrogen and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in the leaves show no sign of progressive nutrient limitation as they have remained constant since 1938, which suggests that nutrients have not increasingly limited productivity in this biome. Altogether, the data suggest that other environmental factors, such as increasing temperature, might have negatively affected net photosynthesis and consequently downregulated the iWUE. Results from this study reveal that the second largest tropical forest on Earth has responded differently to recent environmental changes than expected, highlighting the need for further on‐ground monitoring in the Congo Basin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.8
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15145
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 10
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    Effect of zinc oxide sources and dosages on gut microbiota and integrity of weaned piglets
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Vol. 103, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 231-241
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 231-241
    Abstract: Zinc oxide (ZnO) supplied at pharmacological dosage in diets of weaned piglets improves growth performance. However, it causes environmental contamination and induces bacterial antibiotic resistance, yet this practice is debated. The effects on gut microbiota and integrity in weaned piglets of conventional ZnO at nutritional and pharmacological dosage (110 and 2,400 mg/kg Zn, respectively) were compared to an alternative ZnO source at 110 and 220 mg/kg Zn. Each of the four treatments was applied to four pens (two piglets/pen; weaning age, 20 days) for 15 days, and piglets were sampled on day 15 to determine indices of gut integrity. Feeding conventional ZnO at 2,400 mg/kg Zn reduced coliforms and Escherichia coli in distal small intestine as compared to conventional ZnO at 110 mg/kg (−1.7 and −1.4 log 10 cfu/g, respectively), whereas the alternative ZnO reduced only coliforms, irrespective of dosage (−1.6 to −1.7 log 10 cfu/g). Transepithelial electrical resistance of distal small intestinal mucosa was higher for pigs fed the alternative ZnO source as compared with groups fed 110 mg/kg Zn of conventional ZnO, in line with a trend for higher gene expression of claudin‐1 and zona occludens‐1. Interestingly, the alternative ZnO source at 110 and 220 mg/kg Zn increased intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene transcript as compared to conventional ZnO at 110 mg/kg Zn, whereas the alternative ZnO source at 110 mg/kg Zn exhibited higher Zn concentrations in mucosa (2,520 μg/g) as compared to conventional ZnO at 110 mg/kg Zn (1,211 μg/g). However, assessing alkaline phosphatase activity, no significant effects were found. In conclusion, the alternative ZnO reduced digesta Enterobacteriaceae numbers and improved gut integrity, albeit similar or better, depending on the dosage, to the effects of pharmacological dosage of conventional ZnO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpn.2019.103.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12999
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
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    SSG: 21
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