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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxygen cost of ventilation during incremental exercise to VO 2 max
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  Respirology Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2006-03), p. 175-181
    Details
    In: Respirology, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2006-03), p. 175-181
    Abstract: Objective:  Evidence of significant oxygen requirements for ventilation during exercise (exercise hyperpnoea) prompted the investigation into whether the oxygen cost of ventilation affects the presence of a whole‐body VO 2 plateau at maximal exercise. The purposes of this study were to: (i) use isocapnic hyperpnoea trials to determine the oxygen cost of ventilation (VO 2VENT ) across a range of ventilation (V E ); (ii) determine the mean VO 2VENT at maximal exercise expressed as a percentage of whole‐body VO 2 max; and (iii) determine if a plateau in VO 2 is more evident when the VO 2VENT is subtracted from whole‐body VO 2 at maximal exercise. Methods:  A total of 21 subjects performed a VO 2 max test on the cycle ergometer to determine the range of V E for each subject. From the initial VO 2 max test, nine V E values across the range of V E were selected for each subject and the oxygen cost of each was measured. Results:  The mean maximal VO 2VENT equalled 8.8 ± 3.3% of VO 2 max and ranged from 5.0% to 17.6%. VO 2VENT increased exponentially with increasing V E , but there was considerable subject variability in the oxygen cost per litre of V E as V E increased. Subtracting the VO 2VENT from whole‐body VO 2 at maximal exercise increased the detection of a plateau in VO 2 at VO 2 max. Conclusions:  The data of the present study indicate that the VO 2VENT is a significant portion of VO 2 max and may be a limiting factor of maximal exercise performance in some subjects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1323-7799 , 1440-1843
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/res.2006.11.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00825.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010720-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Associations of Abdominal Muscle Area and Radiodensity with Adiponectin and Leptin: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Obesity Vol. 26, No. 7 ( 2018-07), p. 1234-1241
    Details
    In: Obesity, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 7 ( 2018-07), p. 1234-1241
    Abstract: This study examined the associations of muscle area and radiodensity with adiponectin and leptin. Methods A total of 1,944 participants who enrolled in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis underwent computed tomography to quantify body composition and measurements of adiponectin, leptin, interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein, and resistin. Results The mean age and BMI of participants were 64.7 years and 28.1 kg/m 2 and 49% were female. With adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, a 1‐SD increment in total abdominal, stability, and locomotor muscle area was associated with a 19%, 17%, and 12% lower adiponectin level, respectively ( P   〈  0.01 for all) but not leptin ( P   〉  0.05). Muscle radiodensity was more robustly associated with adiponectin and leptin in the multivariable linear regression models. That is, with full adjustment for all covariates, a 1‐SD increment in total abdominal, stability, and locomotor muscle radiodensity was associated with a 31%, 31%, and 18% lower adiponectin level ( P   〈  0.01 for all) and a 6.7%, 4.6%, and 8.1% higher leptin level ( P   〈  0.05 for all), respectively. Conclusions The data suggest that increases in muscle area and radiodensity may have positive impacts on chronic inflammation and, in turn, reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1930-7381 , 1930-739X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/oby.v26.7
    DOI: 10.1002/oby.22208
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027211-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Maximal ventilation and body size determine the oxygen cost of ventilation
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  The FASEB Journal Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2006-03)
    Details
    In: The FASEB Journal, Wiley, Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2006-03)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0892-6638 , 1530-6860
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1096/fsb2.v20.5
    DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.A1449-a
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468876-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Fitness Surveillance System to Track and Evaluate Obesity in North Idaho
    Wiley ; 2024
    In:  Journal of School Health Vol. 94, No. 3 ( 2024-03), p. 259-266
    Details
    In: Journal of School Health, Wiley, Vol. 94, No. 3 ( 2024-03), p. 259-266
    Abstract: Internationally 18% of youth are obese. Fitness testing can be used to establish fitness surveillance, which can inform policy and targeted interventions aimed at addressing obesity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and low fitness in Idaho school‐aged youth through a pilot study. METHODS A convenience sample of 13 teachers from 11 north Idaho rural schools collected FitnessGram fitness data: body composition (body mass index [BMI]), aerobic capacity (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run [PACER] test), muscular endurance (curl up), strength (pushup), and flexibility (sit and reach). RESULTS A total of 761 students (aged 9‐18 years) from grades 3 & 5, 7, and 9 to 12 participated in the study. Approximately 24% of 3 & 5 and 22% of 7th, and 12% of 9 to 12th‐grade students were categorized as Needs Improvement/Health Risk by FitnessGram standards for BMI. Similarly, approximately 25% of 3 & 5, and 22% of 7 and 9 to 12th‐grade students were considered Needs Improvement/Health Risk for PACER. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY Results from fitness testing can provide school and public health representatives with a “needs assessment” of student health that can be used to help develop policies and practices to improve student health and wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a model for statewide annual fitness testing surveillance and reporting within K‐12 public school physical education classrooms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4391 , 1746-1561
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/josh.v94.3
    DOI: 10.1111/josh.13366
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066647-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High‐intensity interval and moderate‐intensity continuous training elicit similar enjoyment and adherence levels in overweight and obese adults
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  European Journal of Sport Science Vol. 17, No. 9 ( 2017-10), p. 1203-1211
    Details
    In: European Journal of Sport Science, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 9 ( 2017-10), p. 1203-1211
    Abstract: Background : High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve cardiometabolic health during supervised lab‐based studies but adherence, enjoyment, and health benefits of HIIT performed independently are yet to be understood. We compared adherence, enjoyment, and cardiometabolic outcomes after 8 weeks of HIIT or moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT), matched for energy expenditure, in overweight and obese young adults. Methods : 17 adults were randomized to HIIT or MICT. After completing 12 sessions of supervised training over 3 weeks, participants were asked to independently perform HIIT or MICT for 30 min, 4 times/week for 5 weeks. Cardiometabolic outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2 peak), lipids, and inflammatory markers. Exercise enjoyment was measured by the validated Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Results : Exercise adherence (93.4 ± 3.1% vs. 93.1 ± 3.7%, respectively) and mean enjoyment across the intervention (100.1 ± 4.3 vs. 100.3 ± 4.4, respectively) were high, with no differences between HIIT and MICT ( p 〉 .05). Similarly, enjoyment levels did not change over time in either group ( p 〉 .05). After training, HIIT exhibited a greater decrease in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol than MICT (−0.66 mmol L −1 vs. −0.03 mmol L −1 , respectively) and a greater increase in VO 2 peak than MICT ( p 〈 .05, +2.6 mL kg min −1 vs. +0.4 mL kg min −1 , respectively). Interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein increased in HIIT (+0.5 pg mL −1 and + 31.4 nmol L −1 , respectively) and decreased in MICT (−0.6 pg mL −1 and −6.7 nmol L −1 , respectively, p 〈 .05). Conclusions : Our novel findings suggest that HIIT is enjoyable and has high unsupervised adherence rates in overweight and obese adults. However, HIIT may be associated with an increase in inflammation with short‐term exercise in this population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1746-1391 , 1536-7290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1359679
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2038559-6
    SSG: 31
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Extracellular Vesicles Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2018-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Wiley, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2018-12)
    Abstract: The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell‐released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV‐associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2001-3078 , 2001-3078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2683797-3
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