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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Palaeoceanographic evolution of the SW Svalbard shelf over the last 14 000 years
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Boreas Vol. 47, No. 2 ( 2018-04), p. 410-422
    Details
    In: Boreas, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 2 ( 2018-04), p. 410-422
    Abstract: The palaeoceanographic evolution of the SW Svalbard shelf west of Hornsund over the last 14 000 years was reconstructed using benthic foraminiferal assemblages, stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, and grain‐size and ice‐rafted debris data. The results reveal the complexity of the feedbacks influencing the shelf environment: the inflow of Atlantic and Arctic waters ( AW and ArW, respectively), and the influence of sea ice and tidewater glaciers. The inflow of subsurface AW onto the shelf gradually increased with the first major intrusion at the end of the Bølling‐Allerød. During the Younger Dryas, the shelf was affected by fresh water originating from sea ice and glacier discharge. Glaciomarine conditions prevailed until the earliest Holocene with the intense deliveries of icebergs and meltwater from retreating glaciers and the occasional penetration of AW onto the shelf. Other major intrusions of AW occurred before and after the Preboreal oscillation (early Holocene), which resulted in more dynamic and open‐water conditions. Between 10.5 and 9.7 cal. ka BP , the shelf environment transformed from glaciomarine to open marine conditions. Between c.  9.7 and 6.1 cal. ka BP the AW advection reached its maximum, resulting in a highly dynamic and productive environment. At c.  6.1 cal. ka BP , the inflow of AW onto the Svalbard shelf decreased due to the intensification of the Greenland Gyre and the subduction of AW under the sea‐ice‐bearing ArW. Bioproductivity decreased over the next c.  5500 years. During the Little Ice Age, bioproductivity increased due to favourable conditions in the marginal sea‐ice zone despite the effects of cooling. The renewed advection of AW after AD 1850 started the climate warming trend observed presently. Our findings show that δ 18 O can be used to reconstruct the dominances of different water‐masses and, with some caution, as a proxy for the presence of sea ice in frontal areas over the northwestern Eurasian shelves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-9483 , 1502-3885
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.2018.47.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.12282
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028632-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 185110-X
    SSG: 14
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactions of Arctic and Atlantic water‐masses and associated environmental changes during the last millennium, Hornsund (SW Svalbard)
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Boreas Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2009-08), p. 529-544
    Details
    In: Boreas, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2009-08), p. 529-544
    Abstract: The fjords of southwestern Spitsbergen (European Arctic) are a climatically sensitive area neighbouring the mixing zone of warm northward‐flowing Atlantic water‐masses and cold Arctic Water. Owing to reasonably high accumulation rates, these settings are especially suitable for providing high‐resolution sedimentary records of regional hydrological and environmental changes. A sediment core spanning the last millennium was retrieved from the outer Hornsund fjord basin, 14 C dated and analysed for sediment grain size, ice‐rafted debris (IRD), the distribution of benthic foraminifera and their oxygen and carbon stable isotope composition. The record of sub‐centennial resolution reveals three distinctive periods: the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age (∼AD 1600–1900) and 20th‐century warming. The marine record obtained is well correlated with regional high‐resolution ice‐core records as well as with atmospheric palaeotemperature reconstructions and sea‐ice data. The colder periods stay in phase with the greater influence of less saline, cold Arctic Water indicated by subtle changes in benthic foraminifera assemblages and the δ 18 O signal, which is dominated by changes in salinity. The IRD record clearly indicates that tidewater glaciers were present in SW Spitsbergen throughout the last millennium, and most actively from the late 16th century until the end of the 19th century.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-9483 , 1502-3885
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.2009.38.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00091.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028632-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 185110-X
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A temporary glacier‐surge ice‐dammed lake, Braganzavågen, Svalbard
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Boreas Vol. 47, No. 3 ( 2018-07), p. 837-854
    Details
    In: Boreas, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 3 ( 2018-07), p. 837-854
    Abstract: A prominent thrust‐moraine system formed in the inner van Mijenfjorden, Svalbard, during a surge event in a tributary fjord, creating a large temporary lake. Based on geomorphological, sedimentological, stratigraphical and chronological data, the lake began to form shortly after 648–551 cal. a BP . At its maximum, the lake covered an estimated area of 77 km 2 with a water volume of 1.2 km 3 . Lake sediment up to 80 cm thick was rapidly deposited on top of terrestrial and marine sediments. At its maximum extent, the short‐lived lake was the largest of any known Holocene lake in Svalbard. Modern river discharge would fill the lake to its highest shoreline at 23 m a.s.l. in only one season. Drainage was stepwise, as evidenced by four shorelines and abandoned drainage channels. This study has taken advantage of a unique suite of data available for such an ice‐dammed lake. The results demonstrate the power of a multidisciplinary approach for recognizing lake events in the geological record, which is essential given the low preservation potential of such sediments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-9483 , 1502-3885
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.2018.47.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.12302
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028632-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 185110-X
    SSG: 14
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New fjords, new coasts, new landscapes: The geomorphology of paraglacial coasts formed after recent glacier retreat in Brepollen (Hornsund, southern Svalbard)
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Vol. 45, No. 5 ( 2020-04), p. 1325-1334
    Details
    In: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Wiley, Vol. 45, No. 5 ( 2020-04), p. 1325-1334
    Abstract: Changes in the properties and dynamics of tidewater glacier systems are key indicators of the state of Arctic climate and environment. Calving of tidewater glacier fronts is currently the dominant form of ice mass loss and a major contributor to global sea‐level rise. An important yet under‐studied aspect of this process is transformation of Arctic landscapes, where new lands and coastal systems are revealed due to the recession of marine‐terminating ice masses. The evolution of those freshly exposed paraglacial coastal environments is controlled by nearshore marine, coastal and terrestrial geomorphic processes, which rework glacial‐derived sediments to create new coastal paraglacial landforms and landscapes. Here, we present the first study of the paraglacial coasts of Brepollen, one of the youngest bays of Svalbard revealed by ice retreat. We describe and classify coastal systems and the variety of landforms (deltas, cliffs, tidal flats, beaches) developed along the shores of Brepollen during the last 100 years. We further discuss the main modes of sediment supply to the coast in different parts of the new bay, highlighting the fast rate of coastal transformation as a paraglacial response to rapid deglaciation in the Arctic. This study provides an exemplar of likely coastal responses to be anticipated in similar tidewater settings under future climate change. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0197-9337 , 1096-9837
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/esp.v45.5
    DOI: 10.1002/esp.4819
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479188-2
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preliminary evidence of an endangered species benefiting from moderate climate warming: A palaeolimnological study of the charophyte Lychnothamnus barbatus
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems Vol. 31, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 2673-2689
    Details
    In: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 2673-2689
    Abstract: In a time of rapid environmental changes, identification of the effects of climate warming on charophytes (Characeae, Charophyta) will enable the optimization of conservation measures, especially for extremely rare species. Lychnothamnus barbatus is one of the rarest charophytes worldwide, which has decreased in the number of occupied sites over the last century. However, the recolonization of former sites has been observed in recent years (e.g. Lake Kuźnickie, Poland). The study aimed to analyse the effects of climatic changes and human pressure on the L. barbatus population. Three 30 cm sediment cores were collected from minimum, average, and maximum depths of L. barbatus occurrence to determine the past vegetation composition. Sediment cores were dated using the radioisotopes lead‐210, caesium‐137, and carbon‐14. A spatial analysis of the lake catchment changes during the last 120 years was also conducted. The study demonstrated L. barbatus presence in Lake Kuźnickie at the beginning of the 16th century. However, a sharp increase in the proportion of this species in the vegetation community occurred in the 19th century and during climate warming at the end of the Little Ice Age. Factors that significantly influenced the present occurrence of the L. barbatus population included improvement in water quality and the oospore bank deposited in the bottom sediments. This study is the first palaeoreconstruction in a modern lake dominated by L. barbatus . Based on the history of L. barbatus in Lake Kuźnickie after the end of the Little Ice Age, the positive effect of climate warming on the contemporary recovery of this charophyte is postulated. The reaction of L. barbatus to climate warming appears to differ from commonly accepted scenarios for aquatic macrophytes because its recovery in the past and at present coincided with increases in air temperature. This research indicated the appropriate management and conservation practices for lakes with L. barbatus populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1052-7613 , 1099-0755
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aqc.v31.10
    DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3672
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1146285-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496050-3
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 21
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The influence of Coriolis force driven water circulation on the palaeoenvironment of Hornsund (S Spitsbergen) over the last century
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Boreas Vol. 46, No. 4 ( 2017-10), p. 737-749
    Details
    In: Boreas, Wiley, Vol. 46, No. 4 ( 2017-10), p. 737-749
    Abstract: The influence of the Coriolis force on the Hornsund fjord environment (southern Spitsbergen) was investigated in the marine sedimentary record from the last century. Due to the influence of the rotational effects, Atlantic and Arctic Water enter the fjord along the southern shore and exit along the northern shore. Thus, the sedimentary record from the southern part reflects the large‐scale hydrological processes associated with these oceanic water‐masses, whereas the northern portion is affected by a combination of regional and local waters (including glacial meltwater). To assess the significance of the Coriolis force driven circulation in this environment over the last century, two short sediment cores were sampled from the southern and northern parts of the fjord. The cores were dated with 210 Pb and 137 Cs and analysed for grain size, ice‐rafted debris, benthic foraminifera and stable isotopes (δ 18 O and δ 13 C). The influence of the Coriolis force was most apparent in the benthic foraminiferal record. The foraminiferal assemblage of the southern part of the fjord is characterized by markedly higher species diversity and a high percentage of Atlantic water species compared to the northern part. This pattern probably resulted from the lower level of environmental disturbance and the constant introduction of propagules and juveniles from offshore pools. The northern part of the fjord is characterized by more unstable environmental conditions due to the variable delivery of turbid meltwater, which is reflected in the low‐diversity foraminiferal assemblage dominated by glaciomarine taxa and bottom current indicators. The influence of the Coriolis force on the sedimentary regime is less clear. As the geometry of many of the European Arctic fjords allows the rotational dynamics of water‐masses, our results may serve as a reference for further studies on the influence of the Coriolis force‐driven rotational dynamics on modern and past environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-9483 , 1502-3885
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.2017.46.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/bor.12249
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028632-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 185110-X
    SSG: 14
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