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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Inactivation effect and action mode of ohmic heating on Staphylococcus aureus in phosphate‐buffered saline
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Food Safety Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2023-08)
    Details
    In: Journal of Food Safety, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2023-08)
    Abstract: Ohmic heating (OH) is an alternative thermal processing technique, which shows large potential application in pasteurization. Inactivation effect and sublethal injury of OH on Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in this study. Meanwhile, membrane potential and integrity, bacterial morphology and the leakage of nucleic acid, protein and ions were also measured to elucidate the action mode of OH. When heated to 50°C, OH treatment showed higher injury ratio than water bath (WB) treatment. Meanwhile, greater loss of cellular content, larger reduction of membrane potential, and severer damage to cell morphology and membrane integrity were observed in OH‐treated S. aureus than that of WB. When heated to 61.5°C, there was no significant difference between OH‐ and WB‐treated S. aureus . Results indicated that OH caused more sublethal injury and server damage to S. aureus than that of WB when heated to a lower temperature (50°C).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-6085 , 1745-4565
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfs.v43.4
    DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13052
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2179788-2
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  • 2
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    Identifying terraces in the hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau in China
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Land Degradation & Development Vol. 30, No. 17 ( 2019-11), p. 2126-2138
    Details
    In: Land Degradation & Development, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 17 ( 2019-11), p. 2126-2138
    Abstract: Terrace identification is the basis for understanding quantity, quality, and land covers of terraces and their effects on agriculture production and various surface processes, for example, hydrological and ecological processes. However, there are some drawbacks and limitations in the automatic extraction of terraces, such as difficulty of outlining the overall boundary for individual terrace and the limitation of applying methods and parameters. In this study, we used machine learning methods on the basis of Geographic Object‐Based Image Analysis using K‐nearest neighbours and spectral angle mapper algorithms to extract terraces in the hilly and gully regions on the Loess Plateau, China. This study relied on medium‐resolution image Landsat‐8 combined with Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model to extract the overall boundary of terraces and relies on high‐resolution images GaoFen‐1 to extract the terraced edges of terraces. It used the methods of principal component analysis and Laplacian convolution filter to enhance and extract terraced edges inside of the boundary of terraces. Our estimates are with overall accuracy of 62.2% in K‐nearest neighbours and 74.8% in spectral angle mapper methods, indicating the advantages of the proposed method despite the use of much lower resolution data than previous studies that used both high‐resolution terrain and remote sensing imageries data. This study highlights the importance of using appropriate methods plus reasonable spatial resolution of remote sensing data for outlining the overall boundary of terraces in the hilly and gully regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1085-3278 , 1099-145X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ldr.v30.17
    DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3405
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021787-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1319202-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
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    Use of double mass curves in hydrologic benefit evaluations
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Hydrological Processes Vol. 31, No. 26 ( 2017-12-30), p. 4639-4646
    Details
    In: Hydrological Processes, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 26 ( 2017-12-30), p. 4639-4646
    Abstract: Environmental change resulting from intensified human interventions and climate change has impacted the hydrological function of many large river systems, largely altering the production and transport of run‐off and sediment. It is thus vital to quantitatively evaluate the influence of climate change and human activities on streamflow and sediment discharge. Water balance equations, hydrological models, and comparative analyses are commonly used to fulfil this need. Double mass curves (DMCs), being one useful method for comparative analyses, are characterized by low data requirements and high transferability, and thus more practical than water balance equations and hydrological models for hydrologic benefit evaluations. However, the detailed derivation procedure of the DMC has, to date, yet been described in literature. Moreover, in previous studies, changing points of the DMC were determined either rather empirically or as the changing point of streamflow or sediment discharge (i.e., precipitation was not considered). Hence, the changing point detected may be subject to inaccuracies. This paper, for the first time, comprehensively detailed the derivation procedure of the DMC; a new way was proposed to quantitatively examine the changing point of the DMC; an example was also given to demonstrate the use of the DMC in the hydrologic benefit evaluation. It is hopeful that the method given in our paper will be widely adopted by future studies as a standard procedure to derive and use the DMC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-6087 , 1099-1085
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.v31.26
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.11377
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479953-4
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  • 4
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    Changes in run‐off and sediment load in the three parts of the Yellow River basin, in response to climate change and human activities
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Hydrological Processes Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2019-02-15), p. 585-601
    Details
    In: Hydrological Processes, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2019-02-15), p. 585-601
    Abstract: Hydrological regimes in the Yellow River have changed significantly because of climate change and intensive human interventions. These changes present severe challenges to water resource utilization and ecological development. Variation of run‐off, suspended sediment load (SSL), and eight precipitation indices (P1: 0–12 mm·day −1 , P12: 12–25 mm·day −1 , P25: 25–50 mm·day −1 , P50: P ≥ 50 mm·day −1 and corresponding rainfall day: Pd1, Pd12, Pd25, Pd50 day year −1 ) in three critical parts of the Yellow River basin (source region: SRYRB, upper reaches: URYRB, middle reaches: MRYRB) were investigated for the period from 1960 to 2015. The results show that run‐off and SSL significantly decreased ( P   〈  0.01) in the URYRB and the MRYRB, whereas their decline in the SRYRB was insignificant ( P   〉  0.05). Moreover, run‐off in the URYRB had one change point in 1987, and SSL in the URYRB as well as run‐off and SSL in the MRYRB had two change points (in the 1970s and the 1990s). Over the same period, only Pd1 and Pd12 in the SRYRB showed significant increasing trends, and an abrupt change appeared in 1981. The optimal precipitation indices for assessing the effects of precipitation on run‐off and SSL in the URYRB and MRYRB were Pd50 and P12, respectively. A double‐mass curve analysis showed that precipitation and human activities contributed to approximately 20% and 80% of the reduction in run‐off, respectively, for both the SRYRB and the MRYRB. However, the contribution rate of precipitation and human activities on SSL reduction was approximately 40% and 60% in the URYRB and 5% and 95% in the MRYRB, respectively. Human activities, primarily soil and water conservation measures and water extraction (diversion), were the main factors ( 〉 50%) that reduced the run‐off. However, the dominant driving factors for SSL reduction were soil and water conservation measures and reservoir interception, for which the contribution rate was higher than 70% in the MRYRB. This work strengthens the understanding of hydrological responses to precipitation change and provides a useful reference for regional water resource utilization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-6087 , 1099-1085
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.v33.4
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13345
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479953-4
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  • 5
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    Effects of climate variability and anthropogenic factors on sediment load reduction in the Weihe River basin, China
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Hydrological Processes Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2022-04)
    Details
    In: Hydrological Processes, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2022-04)
    Abstract: Sediment load of China's Yellow River has dramatically decreased due to the interplay of climate variability and human activities in the past decades. However, the contribution of individual driving factors and the detailed spatial distribution of sediment load at a catchment scale were not well understood. In the study, we quantitatively assessed the relative contributions of individual climatic (i.e. precipitation) and anthropogenic (i.e. vegetation restoration, terrace construction) driving factors to sediment load variations in the largest tributary of the Yellow River, Weihe River. The employed annual sediment load measurements and rainfall data for 1961–2015 were collected at 15 hydrological and 60 meteorological stations that were widely distributed in the basin. Changing trends, periodicity, and abrupt changes of hydro‐climatic variables were detected using the non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test, the empirical mode decomposition method, and Pettitt's test. Results showed that annual sediment load presented significantly decreasing trends at 12 hydrological stations. Annual rainfall erosivity showed a mixed tendency, with the changing trends varying among different regions. A 3‐year periodicity was identified in the annual sediment load at three main stream gauging stations. Abrupt changing points in sediment load primarily occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s at all of the 15 hydrological stations, which were largely attributed to human activities. The increase in vegetation cover was responsible for approximately 40.6%, 37.4%, and 54.7% of the sediment load reduction in the main stream of the Weihe River, the Jinghe River, and the Beiluohe River, respectively. Meanwhile, terrace construction accounted for 19.7%, 43.8%, and 9.9% of the sediment variation, respectively. Conversely, precipitation change accounted for 5.7%, 12.4%, and 8.3% of sediment load reduction, respectively. Overall, vegetation restoration and terrace construction were found to be the two dominating factors for sediment load reduction in the study area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-6087 , 1099-1085
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.v36.4
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14562
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479953-4
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  • 6
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    Changes in streamflow regimes and their responses to different soil and water conservation measures in the Loess Plateau watersheds, China
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Hydrological Processes Vol. 35, No. 10 ( 2021-10)
    Details
    In: Hydrological Processes, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 10 ( 2021-10)
    Abstract: Investigating the changes in streamflow regimes in response to various influencing factors contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of hydrological processes in different watersheds and to water resource management strategies. This study examined streamflow regime changes by applying the indicators of hydrologic alteration method and eco‐flow metrics to daily runoff data (1965–2016) from the Sandu, Hulu and Dali Rivers on the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then determined their responses to terracing, afforestation and damming. The Budyko water balance equation and the double mass curve method were used to separate the impacts of climate change and human activities on the mean discharge changes. The results showed that the terraced and dammed watersheds exhibited significant decreases in annual runoff. All hydrologic metrics indicated that the highest degree of hydrologic alteration was in the Sandu River watershed (terraced), where the monthly and extreme flows reduced significantly. In contrast, the annual eco‐deficit increased significantly, indicating the highest reduction in streamflow among the three watersheds. The regulation of dams and reservoirs in the Dali River watershed has altered the flow regime, and obvious decreases in the maximum flow and slight increases in the minimum flow and baseflow indices were observed. In the Hulu River watershed (afforested), the monthly flow and extreme flows decreased slightly and were categorized as low‐degree alteration, indicating that the long‐term delayed effects of afforestation on hydrological processes. The magnitude of the eco‐flow metrics varied with the alteration of annual precipitation. Climate change contributed 67.47% to the runoff reduction in the Hulu River watershed, while human activities played predominant roles in reducing runoff in the Sandu and Dali River watersheds. The findings revealed distinct patterns and causes of streamflow regime alteration due to different conservation measures, emphasizing the need to optimize the spatial allocation of measures to control soil erosion and utilize water resources on the Loess Plateau.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-6087 , 1099-1085
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.v35.10
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14401
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479953-4
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  • 7
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    Cwl0971, a novel peptidoglycan hydrolase, plays pleiotropic roles in Clostridioides difficile R20291
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 5222-5238
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 5222-5238
    Abstract: Clostridioides difficile is a Gram‐positive, spore‐forming, toxin‐producing anaerobe that can cause nosocomial antibiotic‐associated intestinal disease. Although the production of toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) contribute to the main pathogenesis of C . difficile , the mechanism of TcdA and TcdB release from cell remains unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized a new cell wall hydrolase Cwl0971 ( CDR20291_0971 ) from C . difficile R20291, which is involved in bacterial autolysis. The gene 0971 deletion mutant (R20291Δ0971) generated with CRISPR‐AsCpfI exhibited significantly delayed cell autolysis and increased cell viability compared to R20291, and the purified Cwl0971 exhibited hydrolase activity for Bacillus subtilis cell wall. Meanwhile, 0971 gene deletion impaired TcdA and TcdB release due to the decreased cell autolysis in the stationary/late phase of cell growth. Moreover, sporulation of the mutant strain decreased significantly compared to the wild type strain. In vivo , the defect of Cwl0971 decreased fitness over the parent strain in a mouse infection model. Collectively, Cwl0971 is involved in cell wall lysis and cell viability, which affects toxin release, sporulation, germination, and pathogenicity of R20291, indicating that Cwl0971 could be an attractive target for C . difficile infection therapeutics and prophylactics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.v23.9
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15529
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Rainfall, runoff, and suspended sediment dynamics at the flood event scale in a Loess Plateau watershed, China
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Hydrological Processes Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 2022-02)
    Details
    In: Hydrological Processes, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 2022-02)
    Abstract: River runoff and suspended sediment play a critical role in the chemical, physical, biological processes of Earth's ecosystems. We assessed the temporal changes in runoff and sediment load at both the annual and event scales in the Gushanchuan watershed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. A total of 330 events, from 1955 to 2018, were selected to evaluate the relationships between rainfall, runoff, and suspended sediment load at the Gaoshiya gauging station. Significant reductions were examined in the maximum runoff peaks, suspended sediment concentration, total runoff, suspended sediment yield, and ratio of event runoff to annual total, whereas the ratio of event sediment yield to annual total remained relatively stable. Hysteresis analysis suggested that the complex loops, anti‐clockwise, and figure‐eight loops accounted for 93.7% of the total events in the watershed. High positive correlations were observed between the flood‐event sediment yield, runoff volume, maximum runoff peaks, and total rainfall amount. The flow‐sediment relationship can be well fitted by the proportional model, and was weaker in 1997–2018 than those in the periods of 1955–1979 and 1980–1996. Runoff during the rising limb of the event significantly contributed to the total runoff and sediment yield. Land use changes and various soil conservation practices were responsible for the decrease in the flood frequency and magnitude. The results of this study provide useful insights into the relationships between rainfall, runoff, and suspended sediment dynamics, and their responses to soil conservation practices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-6087 , 1099-1085
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.v36.2
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14486
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479953-4
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  • 9
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    Piezoelectric 1T Phase MoSe 2 Nanoflowers and Crystallographically Textured Electrodes for Enhanced Low‐Temperature Zinc‐Ion Storage
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Advanced Materials Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2023-02)
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are regarded as promising cathode materials for zinc‐ion storage owing to their large interlayer spacings. However, their capabilities are still limited by sluggish kinetics and inferior conductivities. In this study, a facile one‐pot solvothermal method is exploited to vertically plant piezoelectric 1T MoSe 2  nanoflowers on carbon cloth (CC) to fabricate crystallographically textured electrodes. The self‐built‐in electric field owing to the intrinsic piezoelectricity during the intercalation/deintercalation processes can serve as an additional piezo‐electrochemical coupling accelerator to enhance the migration of Zn 2+ . Moreover, the expanded interlayer distance (9–10 Å), overall high hydrophilicity, and conductivity of the 1T phase MoSe 2  also promoted the kinetics. These advantages endow the tailored 1T MoSe 2 /CC nanopiezocomposite with feasible Zn 2+ diffusion and desirable electrochemical performances at room and low temperatures. Moreover, 1T MoSe 2 /CC‐based quasi‐solid‐state zinc‐ion batteries are constructed to evaluate the potential of the proposed material in low‐temperature flexible energy storage devices. This work expounds the positive effect of intrinsic piezoelectricity of TMDs on Zn 2+ migration and further explores the availabilities of TMDs in low‐temperature wearable energy‐storage devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0935-9648 , 1521-4095
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/adma.v35.6
    DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208615
    RVK:
    UA 1538
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474949-X
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  • 10
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    Cwp22, a novel peptidoglycan cross‐linking enzyme, plays pleiotropic roles in Clostridioides difficile
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 21, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 3076-3090
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 3076-3090
    Abstract: Clostridioides difficile is a Gram‐positive, spore‐forming, toxin‐producing anaerobe pathogen, and can induce nosocomial antibiotic‐associated intestinal disease. While production of toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) contribute to the main pathogenesis of C. difficile , adhesion and colonization of C. difficile in the host gut are prerequisites for disease onset. Previous cell wall proteins (CWPs) were identified that were implicated in C. difficile adhesion and colonization. In this study, we predicted and characterized Cwp22 (CDR20291_2601) from C. difficile R20291 to be involved in bacterial adhesion based on the Vaxign reverse vaccinology tool. The ClosTron‐generated cwp22 mutant showed decreased TcdA and TcdB production during early growth, and increased cell permeability and autolysis. Importantly, the cwp22 mutation impaired cellular adherence in vitro and decreased cytotoxicity and fitness over the parent strain in a mouse infection model. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay, live‐dead cell staining and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the decreased cell viability of the cwp22 mutant. Thus, Cwp22 is involved in cell wall integrity and cell viability, which could affect most phenotypes of R20291. Our data suggest that Cwp22 is an attractive target for C. difficile infection therapeutics and prophylactics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.2019.21.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14706
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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