GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 2157-2167
    Abstract: Divergent natural selection regimes can contribute to adaptive population divergence, but can be sensitive to human‐mediated environmental change. Nutrient loading of aquatic ecosystems, for example, might modify selection pressures by altering the abundance and distribution of resources and the prevalence and infectivity of parasites. Here, we used a mesocosm experiment to test for interactive effects of nutrient loading and parasitism on host condition and feeding ecology. Specifically, we investigated whether the common fish parasite Gyrodactylus sp. differentially affected recently diverged lake and stream ecotypes of three‐spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ). We found that the stream ecotype had a higher resistance to Gyrodactylus sp. infections than the lake ecotype, and that both ecotypes experienced a cost of parasitism, indicated by negative relationships between parasite load and both stomach fullness and body condition. Overall, our results suggest that in the early stages of adaptive population divergence of hosts, parasites can affect host resistance, body condition and diet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1010-061X , 1420-9101
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 92624-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1465318-7
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    In: Muscle & Nerve, Wiley, Vol. 50, No. 6 ( 2014-12), p. 999-1004
    Abstract: Introduction : In cases of exacerbation or crisis, myasthenia gravis (MG) patients can be treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), plasmapheresis, or immunoadsorption. However, IVIg efficacy data in maintenance treatment are sparse. Methods : We prospectively observed 16 index patients with chronic and insufficiently controlled MG under standard immunosuppressant therapy and symptomatic treatment. The IVIg treatment response was measured using changes in quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score and surrogates. Based on these results, a sample size calculation for a future randomized, controlled trial (RCT) was simulated. Results : There was an enduring decline in QMG score and other parameters of about 50% under IVIg maintenance treatment. RCT sample size calculation results in 73 or 33 patients per arm to detect at least a 20% vs. 30% clinical difference in QMG score. Conclusion : We recommend using the QMG score as a primary endpoint for an RCT of IVIg maintenance for chronic MG. Muscle Nerve 50: 999–1004, 2014
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-639X , 1097-4598
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476641-3
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    In: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 2669-2679
    Abstract: To examine associations between weight loss/gain and risk of developing 13 obesity‐related complications (ORCs), stratified by baseline body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults with obesity ( 〉 30 kg/m 2 ) from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database with weight change (−50% to +50%) between Years 1 and 4 (N = 418 774 [median follow‐up: 7 years]). Associations between weight change, baseline BMI and risk of developing ORCs during follow‐up were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results The impact of weight change on ORCs was generally dependent on baseline BMI. Four clear patterns were seen across the 13 outcomes. Pattern 1 showed greatest weight loss benefit for people with low baseline BMI (type 2 diabetes, sleep apnoea, hypertension and dyslipidaemia); Pattern 2 showed most weight loss benefit at lower baseline BMI but no significant weight loss effect at higher baseline BMI (asthma, hip/knee osteoarthritis and polycystic ovary syndrome); Pattern 3 showed benefit in most cardiovascular diseases with weight loss (chronic kidney disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism), but no additional benefit with 〉 10% weight loss; Pattern 4 showed no clear relationship between weight change and unstable angina/myocardial infarction and depression. We found similar but opposite patterns for weight gain. Conclusions Weight loss benefit is dependent on weight loss magnitude and initial BMI, and weight gain is associated with a similar risk increase. Four patterns of association were identified between degree of weight change, baseline BMI and 13 ORCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-8902 , 1463-1326
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004918-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    In: Journal of Animal Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 91, No. 11 ( 2022-11), p. 2220-2234
    Abstract: Las perturbaciones antropogénicas sobre los hábitats naturales pueden afectar tanto a la diversidad de las especies como a la diversidad genética intraespecífica, dando lugar a correlaciones entre estos dos elementos de la biodiversidad (denominados correlación de la diversidad genética de las especies, SGDC por sus siglas en inglés). Sin embargo, todavía queda sin explorar si las predicciones de la SGDC afectan a las comunidades de parásitos y microorganismos intestinales asociadas al hospedador. Adicionalmente, el rol que juegan las especies generalistas, especialmente aquéllas dominantes, suele ser descuidado, a pesar de la importancia de control que ejercen sobre la estructura de la comunidad, y su rol como fuente, reservorio y vector de enfermedades zoonóticas. Para poder evaluar las relaciones de SGDC y distinguir entre los efectos directos e indirectos que tienen las características del hábitat y las perturbaciones sobre los distintos componentes de la biodiversidad, se pueden utilizar nuevos enfoques analíticos como por ejemplo los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM, por sus siglas en inglés). Considerando seis modelos específicos y biológicamente sólidos, recopilamos las características del hábitat de 22 sitios ubicados en cuatro paisajes distintos situados en el centro de Panamá. Cada paisaje difería en el grado de perturbación antropogénica y fragmentación, medido por diferentes variables cuantitativas, como la cobertura del dosel, la altura del dosel y la densidad del sotobosque. En términos de biodiversidad, por un lado estimamos (1) la diversidad de especies de pequeños mamíferos y, por otro lado (2) la diversidad del genoma completo, (3) la diversidad de parásitos intestinales, y (4) la heterogeneidad de las comunidades microbianas del intestino de la especie generalista más dominante, la rata espinosa de Tomes Proechimys semispinosus . Para evaluar los vínculos entre las características del hábitat y las medidas de diversidad biológica se utilizó el modelado SEM. El SEM mejor apoyado sugirió que las características del hábitat afectan directa y positivamente a la abundancia de pequeños mamíferos, a la diversidad genética de P. semispinosus y a la heterogeneidad microbiana intestinal. Sin embargo, se observó que las características del hábitat no tienen un efecto directo en la diversidad de parásitos intestinales. Aparte de estos efectos directos, detectamos efectos indirectos y positivos de las características del hábitat en ambos conjuntos asociados al hospedador (diversidad de parásitos y microorganismos intestinales) a través de la abundancia de pequeños mamíferos. En el caso de las comunidades microbianas, esto está probablemente relacionado con la transmisión interespecífica, especialmente en hábitats compartidos y/o antropogénicamente alterados; mientras que la diversidad de hospedadores mitiga las infecciones de parásitos. El SEM reveló un efecto indirecto adicional pero negativo sobre la diversidad de parásitos intestinales a través de la diversidad genética de los hospedadores. Nuestro estudio muestra que los patrones de SGDC se filtran a través de las varias capas de diversidad biológica, añadiendo los ensamblajes asociados al hospedador como componentes biológicos afectados por las alteraciones del hábitat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8790 , 1365-2656
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006616-8
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    In: Ecography, Wiley
    Abstract: Anthropogenic impacts are typically detrimental to tropical coral reefs, but the effect of increasing environmental stress and variability on the size structure of coral communities remains poorly understood. This limits our ability to effectively conserve coral reef ecosystems because size specific dynamics are rarely incorporated. Our aim is to quantify variation in the size structure of coral populations across 20 sites along a tropical‐to‐subtropical environmental gradient on the east coast of Australia (~ 23 to 30°S), to determine how size structure changes with a gradient of sea surface temperature, turbidity, productivity and light levels. We use two approaches: 1) linear regression with summary statistics (such as median size) as response variables, a method frequently favoured by ecologists and 2) compositional functional regression, a novel method using entire size–frequency distributions as response variables. We then predict coral population size structure with increasing environmental stress and variability. Together, we find fewer but larger coral colonies in marginal reefs, where conditions are typically more variable and stressful, than in tropical reefs. Our model predicts that coral populations may become gradually dominated by larger colonies ( 〉 148 cm 2 ) with increasing environmental stress. Fewer but bigger corals suggest low survival of smaller corals, slow growth, and/or poor recruitment. This finding is concerning for the future of coral reefs, as it implies that current marginal populations, or future reefs in increasingly stressful environmental conditions may have low recovery potential. We highlight the importance of continuously monitoring changes to population structure over biogeographic scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0906-7590 , 1600-0587
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024917-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1112659-0
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    In: Addiction Biology, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2020-03)
    Abstract: One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12‐year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism‐based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m‐health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real‐life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal‐directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6215 , 1369-1600
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495537-4
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Evolutionary Applications Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2014-11), p. 1056-1067
    In: Evolutionary Applications, Wiley, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2014-11), p. 1056-1067
    Abstract: In Australia, the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus ( RHDV ) has been used since 1996 to reduce numbers of introduced European rabbits ( O ryctolagus cuniculus ) which have a devastating impact on the native Australian environment. RHDV causes regular, short disease outbreaks, but little is known about how the virus persists and survives between epidemics. We examined the initial spread of RHDV to show that even upon its initial spread, the virus circulated continuously on a regional scale rather than persisting at a local population level and that Australian rabbit populations are highly interconnected by virus‐carrying flying vectors. Sequencing data obtained from a single rabbit population showed that the viruses that caused an epidemic each year seldom bore close genetic resemblance to those present in previous years. Together, these data suggest that RHDV survives in the Australian environment through its ability to spread amongst rabbit subpopulations. This is consistent with modelling results that indicated that in a large interconnected rabbit meta‐population, RHDV should maintain high virulence, cause short, strong disease outbreaks but show low persistence in any given subpopulation. This new epidemiological framework is important for understanding virus–host co‐evolution and future disease management options of pest species to secure Australia's remaining natural biodiversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-4571 , 1752-4571
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2405496-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    In: Molecular Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 14 ( 2023-07), p. 3989-4002
    Abstract: Understanding the immunogenetic basis of coronavirus (CoV) susceptibility in major pathogen reservoirs, such as bats, is central to inferring their zoonotic potential. Members of the cryptic Hipposideros bat species complex differ in CoV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are the best understood genetic basis of pathogen resistance, and differences in MHC diversity are one possible reason for asymmetrical infection patterns among closely related species. Here, we aimed to link asymmetries in observed CoV (CoV‐229E, CoV‐2B and CoV‐2Bbasal) susceptibility to immunogenetic differences amongst four Hipposideros bat species. From the 2072 bats assigned to their respective species using the mtDNA cytochrome b gene, members of the most numerous and ubiquitous species, Hipposideros caffer D , were most infected with CoV‐229E and SARS‐related CoV‐2B. Using a subset of 569 bats, we determined that much of the existent allelic and functional (i.e. supertype) MHC DRB class II diversity originated from common ancestry. One MHC supertype shared amongst all species, ST12, was consistently linked to susceptibility with CoV‐229E, which is closely related to the common cold agent HCoV‐229E, and infected bats and those carrying ST12 had a lower body condition. The same MHC supertype was connected to resistance to CoV‐2B, and bats with ST12 were less likely be co‐infected with CoV‐229E and CoV‐2B. Our work suggests a role of immunogenetics in determining CoV susceptibility in bats. We advocate for the preservation of functional genetic and species diversity in reservoirs as a means of mitigating the risk of disease spillover.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-1083 , 1365-294X
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020749-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1126687-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Wiley, Vol. 66, No. 7 ( 2022-08), p. 898-903
    Abstract: Delirium is highly prevalent in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The antipsychotic haloperidol is the most frequently used agent to treat delirium although this is not supported by solid evidence. The agents intervening against delirium in the intensive care unit (AID‐ICU) trial investigates the effects of haloperidol versus placebo for the treatment of delirium in adult ICU patients. Methods This protocol describes the secondary, pre‐planned Bayesian analyses of the primary and secondary outcomes up to day 90 of the AID‐ICU trial. We will use Bayesian linear regression models for all count outcomes and Bayesian logistic regression models for all dichotomous outcomes. We will adjust for stratification variables (site and delirium subtype) and use weakly informative priors supplemented with sensitivity analyses using sceptical priors. We will present results as absolute differences (mean differences and risk differences) and relative differences (ratios of means and relative risks). Posteriors will be summarised using median values as point estimates and percentile‐based 95% credibility intervals. Probabilities of any benefit/harm, clinically important benefit/harm and clinically unimportant differences will be presented for all outcomes. Discussion The results of this secondary, pre‐planned Bayesian analysis will complement the primary frequentist analysis of the AID‐ICU trial and facilitate a nuanced and probabilistic interpretation of the trial results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-5172 , 1399-6576
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004319-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    In: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wiley, Vol. 20, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 1408-1418
    Abstract: The metabolic state of human adults is associated with their gut microbiome. The symbiosis between host and microbiome is initiated at birth, and early life microbiome perturbation can disturb health throughout life. Here, we determined how beneficial microbiome interventions in early life affect metabolic health in adulthood. Methods Postnatal diets were supplemented with either prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS) or synbiotics (scGOS/lcFOS with Bifidobacterium breve M‐16 V) until post‐natal (PN) day 42 in a well‐established rodent model for nutritional programming. Mice were subsequently challenged with a high‐fat Western‐style diet (WSD) for 8 weeks. Body weight and composition were monitored, as was gut microbiota composition at PN21, 42 and 98. Markers of glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and host transcriptomics of 6 target tissues were determined in adulthood (PN98). Results Early life synbiotics protected mice against WSD‐induced excessive fat accumulation throughout life, replicable in 2 independent European animal facilities. Adult insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia were improved and most pronounced changes in gene expression were observed in the ileum. We observed subtle changes in faecal microbiota composition, both in early life and in adulthood, including increased abundance of Bifidobacterium . Microbiota transplantation using samples collected from synbiotics‐supplemented adolescent mice at PN42 to age‐matched germ‐free recipients did not transfer the beneficial phenotype, indicating that synbiotics‐modified microbiota at PN42 is not sufficient to transfer long‐lasting protection of metabolic health status. Conclusion Together, these findings show the potential and importance of timing of synbiotic interventions in early life during crucial microbiota development as a preventive measure to lower the risk of obesity and improve metabolic health throughout life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-8902 , 1463-1326
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004918-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...