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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    MACROALGAL (FUCUS VESICULOSUS) δ 15 N VALUES TRACE DECREASE IN SEWAGE INFLUENCE
    Wiley ; 2004
    In:  Ecological Applications Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2004-04), p. 517-526
    Details
    In: Ecological Applications, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2004-04), p. 517-526
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-0761
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1890/02-5396
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 2
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    Effects of land use, urbanization, and climate variability on coastal eutrophication in the Baltic Sea
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 1033-1046
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 1033-1046
    Abstract: Sedimentary records of organic matter inputs (stable nitrogen isotopes [δ 15 N], nitrogen [N] , and carbon [C] content), phytoplankton abundance (pigments, stable carbon isotopes [δ 13 C]), and community composition (pigments) were used to reconstruct the history and pathway to water‐quality degradation in a Swedish Baltic coastal bay. Changes in nutrient sources and cycling began in the 1800s, but eutrophication intensified only after the 1950s, coincident with intensified agricultural practices. Specifically, sedimentary N and C content doubled, δ 13 C increased, and concentrations of pigments indicative of total algal biomass (ß‐carotene, chlorophyll a ), diatoms (fucoxanthin, diatoxanthin), chlorophytes (lutein‐zeaxanthin, Chlorophyll b ), and cyanobacteria (canthaxanthin) increased significantly after 1950. Enhanced algal abundance was most strongly related to total N influx and secondly to total P influx. In particular, historical change in algae was related to agricultural N influx and only weakly to agricultural P. In recent decades, wastewater N influx has further stimulated algal biomass, particularly diatoms. In contrast, colonial cyanobacteria were more correlated to total P than total N inputs. Variance‐partitioning analysis explained 60% of the changes in algal abundance and community composition since 1880, with diffuse and point nutrients jointly explaining 36% of the long‐term change in algal biomass. Climate variability has become more important as a factor influencing coastal eutrophication in recent decades, explaining 14% of the variance in the algal data since 1975. Both urban and agricultural sources of nutrients have degraded water quality, illustrating the need for cooperation between stakeholders at regional levels to achieve "good ecological status" in the Baltic coastal environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1033
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1033a
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 3
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    Cumulative stressors reduce the self‐regulating capacity of coastal ecosystems
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecological Applications Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2021-01)
    Details
    In: Ecological Applications, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2021-01)
    Abstract: Marine ecosystems are prone to tipping points, particularly in coastal zones where dramatic changes are associated with interactions between cumulative stressors (e.g., shellfish harvesting, eutrophication and sediment inputs) and ecosystem functions. A common feature of many degraded estuaries is elevated turbidity that reduces incident light to the seafloor, resulting from multiple factors including changes in sediment loading, sea‐level rise and increased water column algal biomass. To determine whether cumulative effects of elevated turbidity may result in marked changes in the interactions between ecosystem components driving nutrient processing, we conducted a large‐scale experiment manipulating sediment nitrogen concentrations in 15 estuaries across a national‐scale gradient in incident light at the seafloor. We identified a threshold in incident light that was related to distinct changes in the ecosystem interaction networks (EIN) that drive nutrient processing. Above this threshold, network connectivity was high with clear mechanistic links to denitrification and the role of large shellfish in nitrogen processing. The EIN analyses revealed interacting stressors resulting in a decoupling of ecosystem processes in turbid estuaries with a lower capacity to denitrify and process nitrogen. This suggests that, as turbidity increases with sediment load, coastal areas can be more vulnerable to eutrophication. The identified interactions between light, nutrient processing and the abundance of large shellfish emphasizes the importance of actions that seek to manage multiple stressors and conserve or enhance shellfish abundance, rather than actions focusing on limiting a single stressor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-0761 , 1939-5582
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eap.v31.1
    DOI: 10.1002/eap.2223
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010123-5
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  • 4
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    Distribution and retention of effluent nitrogen in surface sediments of a coastal bay
    Wiley ; 2004
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 49, No. 5 ( 2004-09), p. 1503-1511
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 49, No. 5 ( 2004-09), p. 1503-1511
    Abstract: Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) often causes coastal eutrophication, yet little is known about the fate and retention of effluent N in coastal waters and, hence, about the system’s ability to assimilate excess N loads. We used the spatial distribution of stable N isotope ratios and algal pigments in sedimentary organic matter from a Baltic bay receiving tertiary‐treated effluent to evaluate the extent of effects and the role of nearshore marine environments as sinks of anthropogenic N. Surface sediments (0–2 cm and 2–4 cm) exhibited a pronounced spatial gradient of δ 15 N, with the most elevated values (~8‰) near the outfall; values decreased linearly to values of ;4‰ outside the bay. Sedimentary pigment concentrations were consistent with water‐column data and showed that phytoplankton biomass was elevated in the inner reaches of the bay. In particular, diatoms were heavily labeled (δ 15 N ~ 10‰), reached maximum abundance near the effluent outfall, and were likely the main mechanism delivering effluent N to the sediments. Sediments within the bay removed ~5–11% of wastewater N inputs, with 50% of the sequestered effluent N buried in the basin nearest to the outfall. Magnitudes of N removal by sediments (23–26 x 10 4 kg N yr −1 ) were less than those estimated for denitrification (30–60 x 10 4 kg N yr −1 ), but they were substantially greater than biological uptake by macroalgae (~2 x 10 4 kg N yr −1 ). Taken together, these patterns demonstrate the idea that coastal sediments can be effective sinks of wastewater N, even after 30 yr of effluent input.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2004.49.5.1503
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
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  • 5
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    Thresholds in catchment nitrogen load for shifts from seagrass to nuisance macroalgae in shallow intertidal estuaries
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 1353-1366
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 1353-1366
    Abstract: Eutrophication of shallow coastal ecosystems often manifests as dense mats of opportunistic macroalgae, degraded underlying sediments and displacement of ecologically important primary producers including seagrass beds. Ecological thresholds of drivers that cause these shifts in ecosystem state are needed to manage eutrophication symptoms before tipping points are crossed. This study quantifies total nitrogen (TN) load thresholds for abrupt changes in ecologically important seagrass habitat and the appearance of nuisance macroalgae as a function of estimated catchment TN load to shallow, intertidal estuaries in New Zealand. Results indicate that the extents of both macrophyte types are strongly governed by increasing TN load to the estuaries, while total suspended sediment load was not significant alone or as an interaction term. Seagrass extent was unpredictable below a critical TN load envelope ( 〈  50 mg N m −2 d −1 ), likely because there are additional factors than TN that influence seagrass cover, but once surpassed, seagrass became restricted to less than 10% of intertidal area or absent. Conversely, nuisance macroalgae was predominantly absent unless TN load exceeded 41.15 ± 21.1 mg N m −2 d −1 , expanding in extent by 2.7% of intertidal area for every 50 mg N m −2 d −1 increase above threshold levels. This research underscores the importance of managing diffuse nitrogen inputs to safeguard the structure and function of shallow estuarine ecosystems before tipping points in dominant macrophyte type are crossed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.v66.4
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.11689
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
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  • 6
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    Intensity of catchment land use influences biological traits of benthic invertebrates along a freshwater‐marine continuum
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 62, No. S1 ( 2017-11)
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 62, No. S1 ( 2017-11)
    Abstract: Catchment land‐use intensification and conversion of native vegetation to farmland threatens aquatic ecosystems worldwide by increasing exports of nutrients and fine sediment into streams, rivers and estuaries, resulting in a decline of aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem health. Using a survey approach, we studied the effects of catchment land‐use intensity on benthic invertebrate communities along a freshwater‐marine gradient in 21 New Zealand rivers and their estuaries, encompassing a broad range of catchment land‐use intensities. Traditional community metrics such as total invertebrate abundance and taxonomic richness decreased from freshwater sites to near‐marine sites, but did not perform as well as biological traits when detecting catchment land‐use effects along the freshwater‐marine continuum. Three trait categories were directly related to the gradient of catchment development while 11 trait categories responded to increasing deposited fine sediment levels which, in turn, were positively related to catchment development. The direction of the response varied for the different biological traits along the gradient. Only one trait category (medium body size) was negatively related to nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen). Importantly, the effects of catchment development did not decrease toward the ocean for any of the response variables studied, indicating no dilution effect due to an increasing marine influence. Consequently, aquatic resource managers need to consider the entire source‐to‐sea continuum when making decisions to avoid or minimize adverse effects of human land‐use activities such as intensive agriculture on freshwater, estuarine, and coastal marine habitats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.v62.S1
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.10584
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
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  • 7
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    Experimenting with ecosystem interaction networks in search of threshold potentials in real‐world marine ecosystems
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Ecology Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 2014-06), p. 1451-1457
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 95, No. 6 ( 2014-06), p. 1451-1457
    Abstract: Thresholds profoundly affect our understanding and management of ecosystem dynamics, but we have yet to develop practical techniques to assess the risk that thresholds will be crossed. Combining ecological knowledge of critical system interdependencies with a large‐scale experiment, we tested for breaks in the ecosystem interaction network to identify threshold potential in real‐world ecosystem dynamics. Our experiment with the bivalves Macomona liliana and Austrovenus stutchburyi on marine sandflats in New Zealand demonstrated that reductions in incident sunlight changed the interaction network between sediment biogeochemical fluxes, productivity, and macrofauna. By demonstrating loss of positive feedbacks and changes in the architecture of the network, we provide mechanistic evidence that stressors lead to break points in dynamics, which theory predicts predispose a system to a critical transition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1890/13-1879.1
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Do sediments from coastal sites accurately reflect time trends in water column phytoplankton? A test from Himmerfjärden Bay (Baltic Sea proper)
    Wiley ; 2002
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 47, No. 5 ( 2002-09), p. 1537-1544
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 5 ( 2002-09), p. 1537-1544
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2002.47.5.1537
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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