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  • 1
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    ATLANTIC MAMMAL TRAITS : a data set of morphological traits of mammals in the Atlantic Forest of South America
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecology Vol. 99, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 498-498
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 99, No. 2 ( 2018-02), p. 498-498
    Abstract: Measures of traits are the basis of functional biological diversity. Numerous works consider mean species‐level measures of traits while ignoring individual variance within species. However, there is a large amount of variation within species and it is increasingly apparent that it is important to consider trait variation not only between species, but also within species. Mammals are an interesting group for investigating trait‐based approaches because they play diverse and important ecological functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, predation, grazing) that are correlated with functional traits. Here we compile a data set comprising morphological and life history information of 279 mammal species from 39,850 individuals of 388 populations ranging from −5.83 to −29.75 decimal degrees of latitude and −34.82 to −56.73 decimal degrees of longitude in the Atlantic forest of South America. We present trait information from 16,840 individuals of 181 species of non‐volant mammals (Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Carnivora, Primates, Cingulata, Artiodactyla, Pilosa, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla) and from 23,010 individuals of 98 species of volant mammals (Chiroptera). The traits reported include body mass, age, sex, reproductive stage, as well as the geographic coordinates of sampling for all taxa. Moreover, we gathered information on forearm length for bats and body length and tail length for rodents and marsupials. No copyright restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2018.99.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2106
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
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    NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Ecology Vol. 100, No. 7 ( 2019-07)
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 100, No. 7 ( 2019-07)
    Abstract: Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records ( n  = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest ( n  = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus ( n  = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus ( n  = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records ( n  = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest ( n  = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2019.100.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2663
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
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  • 3
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    Differential Responses to Hunting in Two Sympatric Species of Brocket Deer ( Mazama americana and M. nana )
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  Biotropica Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2008-09), p. 636-645
    Details
    In: Biotropica, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2008-09), p. 636-645
    Abstract: Hunting by humans may affect the abundance and activity patterns of game species. We examined the effect of hunting on the abundance and activity patterns of sympatric red brocket deer Mazama americana and dwarf brocket deer M. nana . We conducted four camera‐trap surveys (158 sampling stations, 10,244 trap‐days, total area sampled 1200 km 2 ) in three areas within the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina, that differ in protection and hunting pressure. We used logistic regression and tests of independence to evaluate if protection, hunting pressure, and other independent variables affect the probability of recording each species and their recording rate. We used the Mardia–Watson–Wheeler test to examine if the daily activity pattern differs between species and changes with hunting pressure. Red brocket deer were more frequently recorded (397 records, 58% of stations) than dwarf brocket deer (100 records, 37% of stations). The probability of recording red brockets was higher in areas with better protection and increased with the distance to the main accesses used by poachers. The probability of recording dwarf brockets was higher in areas with low protection. Red brockets were more nocturnal than dwarf brockets, a difference that may reduce interspecific competition. However, red brockets were more diurnal in the best‐protected areas, suggesting that they can adjust their activity to local hunting pressure. Hunting has opposite effects on the abundance of these deer and may facilitate their coexistence. Hunting should be carefully controlled or managed to ensure the conservation of these little known species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3606 , 1744-7429
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.2008.40.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00413.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 4
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    Jaguar movement database: a GPS‐based movement dataset of an apex predator in the Neotropics
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecology Vol. 99, No. 7 ( 2018-07), p. 1691-1691
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 99, No. 7 ( 2018-07), p. 1691-1691
    Abstract: The field of movement ecology has rapidly grown during the last decade, with important advancements in tracking devices and analytical tools that have provided unprecedented insights into where, when, and why species move across a landscape. Although there has been an increasing emphasis on making animal movement data publicly available, there has also been a conspicuous dearth in the availability of such data on large carnivores. Globally, large predators are of conservation concern. However, due to their secretive behavior and low densities, obtaining movement data on apex predators is expensive and logistically challenging. Consequently, the relatively small sample sizes typical of large carnivore movement studies may limit insights into the ecology and behavior of these elusive predators. The aim of this initiative is to make available to the conservation‐scientific community a dataset of 134,690 locations of jaguars ( Panthera onca ) collected from 117 individuals (54 males and 63 females) tracked by GPS technology. Individual jaguars were monitored in five different range countries representing a large portion of the species’ distribution. This dataset may be used to answer a variety of ecological questions including but not limited to: improved models of connectivity from local to continental scales; the use of natural or human‐modified landscapes by jaguars; movement behavior of jaguars in regions not represented in this dataset; intraspecific interactions; and predator‐prey interactions. In making our dataset publicly available, we hope to motivate other research groups to do the same in the near future. Specifically, we aim to help inform a better understanding of jaguar movement ecology with applications towards effective decision making and maximizing long‐term conservation efforts for this ecologically important species. There are no costs, copyright, or proprietary restrictions associated with this data set. When using this data set, please cite this article to recognize the effort involved in gathering and collating the data and the willingness of the authors to make it publicly available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2018.99.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2379
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
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  • 5
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    Differential impact of landscape transformation on pumas ( Puma concolor ) and jaguars ( Panthera onca ) in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest : Impact of landscape transformation on pumas and jaguars
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2011-05), p. 422-436
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2011-05), p. 422-436
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00746.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020139-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
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  • 6
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    CaPTrends: A database of large carnivoran population trends from around the world
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 31, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 2475-2482
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 2475-2482
    Abstract: Population trend information is an ‘essential biodiversity variable’ for monitoring change in biodiversity over time. Here, we present a database of 1,122 population trends from around the world, describing changes in abundance over time in large mammal species ( n  = 50) from four families in the order Carnivora. For this subset of taxa, we provide approximately 21 times more trends than BioTIME and three times more trends than the Living Planet database. Main types of variables included Key data fields for each trend: species, coordinates, trend time‐frame, methods of data collection and analysis, and population time series or summarized trend value. Population trend values are reported using quantitative metrics in 75% of records that collectively represent more than 6,500 population estimates. The remaining records qualitatively describe population change (e.g., increase). Spatial location and grain Trends represent 621 unique locations across the globe (latitude: −51.0 to 80.0; longitude: −166.0 to 166.0). Most trends (86%) are found within the Northern Hemisphere. Time period and grain On average (mean), trends are derived from 6.5 abundance observations, and span in time from 1726 to 2017, with 92% of trends starting after 1950. Major taxa and level of measurement We conducted a semi‐systematic search for population trend data in 87 species from four families in the order Carnivora: Canidae, Felidae, Hyaenidae and Ursidae. We compiled data for 50 of the 87 species. Software format .csv.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v31.12
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13587
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    A comprehensive analysis of autocorrelation and bias in home range estimation
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Ecological Monographs Vol. 89, No. 2 ( 2019-05)
    Details
    In: Ecological Monographs, Wiley, Vol. 89, No. 2 ( 2019-05)
    Abstract: Home range estimation is routine practice in ecological research. While advances in animal tracking technology have increased our capacity to collect data to support home range analysis, these same advances have also resulted in increasingly autocorrelated data. Consequently, the question of which home range estimator to use on modern, highly autocorrelated tracking data remains open. This question is particularly relevant given that most estimators assume independently sampled data. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of autocorrelation on home range estimation. We base our study on an extensive data set of GPS locations from 369 individuals representing 27 species distributed across five continents. We first assemble a broad array of home range estimators, including Kernel Density Estimation ( KDE ) with four bandwidth optimizers (Gaussian reference function, autocorrelated‐Gaussian reference function [ AKDE ], Silverman's rule of thumb, and least squares cross‐validation), Minimum Convex Polygon, and Local Convex Hull methods. Notably, all of these estimators except AKDE assume independent and identically distributed ( IID ) data. We then employ half‐sample cross‐validation to objectively quantify estimator performance, and the recently introduced effective sample size for home range area estimation () to quantify the information content of each data set. We found that AKDE 95% area estimates were larger than conventional IID ‐based estimates by a mean factor of 2. The median number of cross‐validated locations included in the hold‐out sets by AKDE 95% (or 50%) estimates was 95.3% (or 50.1%), confirming the larger AKDE ranges were appropriately selective at the specified quantile. Conversely, conventional estimates exhibited negative bias that increased with decreasing . To contextualize our empirical results, we performed a detailed simulation study to tease apart how sampling frequency, sampling duration, and the focal animal's movement conspire to affect range estimates. Paralleling our empirical results, the simulation study demonstrated that AKDE was generally more accurate than conventional methods, particularly for small . While 72% of the 369 empirical data sets had 〉 1,000 total observations, only 4% had an 〉 1,000, where 30% had an 〈 30. In this frequently encountered scenario of small , AKDE was the only estimator capable of producing an accurate home range estimate on autocorrelated data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9615 , 1557-7015
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecm.2019.89.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1344
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
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    Cats under cover: Habitat models indicate a high dependency on woodlands by Atlantic Forest felids
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Biotropica Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2019-03), p. 266-278
    Details
    In: Biotropica, Wiley, Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2019-03), p. 266-278
    Abstract: Cuatro felinos Neotropicales medianos y pequeños—ocelote, yaguarundí, margay y tirica—poseen una distribución simpátrica en la amenazada eco‐región del Bosque Atlántico. Estudios de uso del hábitat a escala local muestran que estos felinos evitan áreas con alto impacto humano, pero los tres más pequeños usan áreas modificadas por el hombre con mayor frecuencia que el ocelote. Para entender cómo los cambios en el paisaje afectan a estos felinos en el Bosque Atlántico de Argentina, usamos modelos de máxima entropía para analizar la distribución del hábitat y entender qué factores ambientales y antrópicos la afectan. Estimamos la amplitud de nicho y la superposición entre estos felinos. La conversión del bosque nativo a usos de la tierra sin cobertura arbórea fue la variable más importante para la distribución del hábitat de las cuatro especies. El hábitat óptimo abarcó menos de 1/3 del área de estudio y se distribuyó principalmente en áreas de bosque nativo. Cerca del 50 porciento de esas áreas no poseen ningún tipo de protección. La amplitud de nicho fue similar para los pequeños felinos y menor para el ocelote. La superposición de nicho fue alta, pero fue mayor entre los pequeños felinos y menor para cada uno de ellos con el ocelote. Los cuatro felinos, y en especial el ocelote, son afectados negativamente por la pérdida del bosque nativo. La conversión de áreas de bosque sin protección implicaría una importante reducción del hábitat de estos felinos, reforzando la necesidad de conservar los remanentes del Bosque Atlántico en Argentina.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3606 , 1744-7429
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.2019.51.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.12635
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052061-X
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  • 9
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    Handling missing values in trait data
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 51-62
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 51-62
    Abstract: Trait data are widely used in ecological and evolutionary phylogenetic comparative studies, but often values are not available for all species of interest. Traditionally, researchers have excluded species without data from analyses, but estimation of missing values using imputation has been proposed as a better approach. However, imputation methods have largely been designed for randomly missing data, whereas trait data are often not missing at random (e.g., more data for bigger species). Here, we evaluate the performance of approaches for handling missing values when considering biased datasets. Location Any. Time period Any. Major taxa studied Any. Methods We simulated continuous traits and separate response variables to test the performance of nine imputation methods and complete‐case analysis (excluding missing values from the dataset) under biased missing data scenarios. We characterized performance by estimating the error in imputed trait values (deviation from the true value) and inferred trait–response relationships (deviation from the true relationship between a trait and response). Results Generally, Rphylopars imputation produced the most accurate estimate of missing values and best preserved the response–trait slope. However, estimates of missing data were still inaccurate, even with only 5% of values missing. Under severe biases, errors were high with every approach. Imputation was not always the best option, with complete‐case analysis frequently outperforming Mice imputation and, to a lesser degree, BHPMF imputation. Mice , a popular approach, performed poorly when the response variable was excluded from the imputation model. Main conclusions Imputation can handle missing data effectively in some conditions but is not always the best solution. None of the methods we tested could deal effectively with severe biases, which can be common in trait datasets. We recommend rigorous data checking for biases before and after imputation and propose variables that can assist researchers working with incomplete datasets to detect data biases and minimize errors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v30.1
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.13185
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479787-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021283-5
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  • 10
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    Traditional Versus Multivariate Methods for Identifying Jaguar, Puma, and Large Canid Tracks
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of Wildlife Management Vol. 74, No. 5 ( 2010-07), p. 1141-1151
    Details
    In: The Journal of Wildlife Management, Wiley, Vol. 74, No. 5 ( 2010-07), p. 1141-1151
    Abstract: ABSTRACT  The jaguar ( Panthera onca ) and puma ( Puma concolor ) are the largest felids of the American Continent and live in sympatry along most of their distribution. Their tracks are frequently used for research and management purposes, but tracks are difficult to distinguish from each other and can be confused with those of big canids. We used tracks from pumas, jaguars, large dogs, and maned wolves ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ) to evaluate traditional qualitative and quantitative identification methods and to elaborate multivariate methods to differentiate big canids versus big felids and puma versus jaguar tracks ( n = 167 tracks from 18 zoos). We tested accuracy of qualitative classification through an identification exercise with field‐experienced volunteers. Qualitative methods were useful but there was high variability in accuracy of track identification. Most of the traditional quantitative methods showed an elevated percentage of misclassified tracks (≥20%). We used stepwise discriminant function analysis to develop 3 discriminant models: 1 for big canid versus big felid track identification and 2 alternative models for jaguar versus puma track differentiation using 1) best discriminant variables, and 2) size‐independent variables. These models had high classification performance, with 〈 10% of error in the validation procedures. We used simpler discriminant models in the elaboration of identification keys to facilitate track classification process. We developed an accurate method for track identification, capable of distinguishing between big felids (puma and jaguar) and large canids (dog and maned wolf) tracks and between jaguar and puma tracks. Application of our method will allow a more reliable use of tracks in puma and jaguar research and it will help managers using tracks as indicators of these felids' presence for conservation or management purposes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-541X , 1937-2817
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2193/2009-293
    DOI: 10.2193/2009-293s1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066663-9
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