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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Altered gray‐to‐white matter tissue contrast in preterm‐born adults
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
    Details
    In: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Wiley
    Abstract: To investigate cortical organization in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of preterm‐born adults using percent contrast of gray‐to‐white matter signal intensities (GWPC), which is an in vivo proxy measure for cortical microstructure. Methods Using structural MRI, we analyzed GWPC at different percentile fractions across the cortex (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) in a large and prospectively collected cohort of 86 very preterm‐born ( 〈 32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight 〈 1500 g, VP/VLBW) adults and 103 full‐term controls at 26 years of age. Cognitive performance was assessed by full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Results GWPC was significantly decreased in VP/VLBW adults in frontal, parietal, and temporal associative cortices, predominantly in the right hemisphere. Differences were pronounced at 20%, 30%, and 40%, hence, in middle cortical layers. GWPC was significantly increased in right paracentral lobule in VP/VLBW adults. GWPC in frontal and temporal cortices was positively correlated with birth weight, and negatively with duration of ventilation ( p   〈  0.05). Furthermore, GWPC in right paracentral lobule was negatively correlated with IQ ( p   〈  0.05). Conclusions Widespread aberrant gray‐to‐white matter contrast suggests lastingly altered cortical microstructure after preterm birth, mainly in middle cortical layers, with differential effects on associative and primary cortices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-5930 , 1755-5949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cns.14320
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2423467-9
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Impaired structural connectivity between dorsal attention network and pulvinar mediates the impact of premature birth on adult visual–spatial abilities
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 40, No. 14 ( 2019-10), p. 4058-4071
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 14 ( 2019-10), p. 4058-4071
    Abstract: The dorsal attention network (DAN), including frontal eye fields and posterior parietal cortices, and its link with the posterior thalamus, contribute to visual–spatial abilities. Very premature birth impairs both visual–spatial abilities and cortico‐thalamic structural connectivity. We hypothesized that impaired structural DAN‐pulvinar connectivity mediates the effect of very premature birth on adult visual–spatial abilities. Seventy very premature (median age 26.6 years) and 57 mature born adults (median age 26.6 years) were assessed with cognitive tests and diffusion tensor imaging. Perceptual organization (PO) index of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐III was used as a proxy for visual–spatial abilities, and connection probability maps in the thalamus, derived from probabilistic tractography from the DAN, were used as a proxy for DAN‐thalamic connectivity. Premature born adults showed decreases in both PO‐index and connection probability from DAN into the pulvinar, with both changes being positively correlated. Moreover, path analysis revealed that DAN‐pulvinar connectivity mediates the relationship between very premature birth and PO‐index. Results provide evidence for long‐term effects of very premature birth on structural DAN‐pulvinar connectivity, mediating the effect of prematurity on adult visual–spatial impairments. Data suggest DAN‐pulvinar connectivity as a specific target of prognostic and diagnostic procedures for visual–spatial abilities after premature birth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v40.14
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24685
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492703-2
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  • 3
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    Indirect evidence for altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in very premature‐born adults
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 44, No. 15 ( 2023-10-15), p. 5125-5138
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 15 ( 2023-10-15), p. 5125-5138
    Abstract: While animal models indicate altered brain dopaminergic neurotransmission after premature birth, corresponding evidence in humans is scarce due to missing molecular imaging studies. To overcome this limitation, we studied dopaminergic neurotransmission changes in human prematurity indirectly by evaluating the spatial co‐localization of regional alterations in blood oxygenation fluctuations with the distribution of adult dopaminergic neurotransmission. The study cohort comprised 99 very premature‐born ( 〈 32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight below 1500 g) and 107 full‐term born young adults, being assessed by resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) and IQ testing. Normative molecular imaging dopamine neurotransmission maps were derived from independent healthy control groups. We computed the co‐localization of local (rs‐fMRI) activity alterations in premature‐born adults with respect to term‐born individuals to different measures of dopaminergic neurotransmission. We performed selectivity analyses regarding other neuromodulatory systems and MRI measures. In addition, we tested if the strength of the co‐localization is related to perinatal measures and IQ. We found selectively altered co‐localization of rs‐fMRI activity in the premature‐born cohort with dopamine‐2/3‐receptor availability in premature‐born adults. Alterations were specific for the dopaminergic system but not for the used MRI measure. The strength of the co‐localization was negatively correlated with IQ. In line with animal studies, our findings support the notion of altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in prematurity which is associated with cognitive performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v44.15
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26451
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492703-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Hippocampal subfield volumes are nonspecifically reduced in premature‐born adults
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 41, No. 18 ( 2020-12-15), p. 5215-5227
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 41, No. 18 ( 2020-12-15), p. 5215-5227
    Abstract: Reduced global hippocampus volumes have been demonstrated in premature‐born individuals, from newborns to adults; however, it is unknown whether hippocampus subfield (HCSF) volumes are differentially affected by premature birth and how relevant they are for cognitive performance. To address these questions, we investigated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐derived HCSF volumes in very premature‐born adults, and related them with general cognitive performance in adulthood. We assessed 103 very premature‐born (gestational age [GA] 〈 32 weeks and/or birth weight 〈 1,500 g) and 109 term‐born individuals with cognitive testing and structural MRI at 26 years of age. HCSFs were automatically segmented based on three‐dimensional T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences and studied both individually and grouped into three functional units, namely hippocampus proper (HP), subicular complex (SC), and dentate gyrus (DG). Cognitive performance was measured using the Wechsler‐Adult‐Intelligence‐Scale (full‐scale intelligence quotient [FS‐IQ]) at 26 years. We observed bilateral volume reductions for almost all HCSF volumes in premature‐born adults and associations with GA and neonatal treatment intensity but not birth weight. Left‐sided HP, SC, and DG volumes were associated with adult FS‐IQ. Furthermore, left DG volume was a mediator of the association between GA and adult FS‐IQ in premature‐born individuals. Results demonstrate nonspecifically reduced HCSF volumes in premature‐born adults; but specific associations with cognitive outcome highlight the importance of the left DG. Data suggest that specific interventions toward hippocampus function might be promising to lower adverse cognitive effects of prematurity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v41.18
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25187
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492703-2
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Automated claustrum segmentation in human brain MRI using deep learning
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 42, No. 18 ( 2021-12-15), p. 5862-5872
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 18 ( 2021-12-15), p. 5862-5872
    Abstract: In the last two decades, neuroscience has produced intriguing evidence for a central role of the claustrum in mammalian forebrain structure and function. However, relatively few in vivo studies of the claustrum exist in humans. A reason for this may be the delicate and sheet‐like structure of the claustrum lying between the insular cortex and the putamen, which makes it not amenable to conventional segmentation methods. Recently, Deep Learning (DL) based approaches have been successfully introduced for automated segmentation of complex, subcortical brain structures. In the following, we present a multi‐view DL‐based approach to segment the claustrum in T1‐weighted MRI scans. We trained and evaluated the proposed method in 181 individuals, using bilateral manual claustrum annotations by an expert neuroradiologist as reference standard. Cross‐validation experiments yielded median volumetric similarity, robust Hausdorff distance, and Dice score of 93.3%, 1.41 mm, and 71.8%, respectively, representing equal or superior segmentation performance compared to human intra‐rater reliability. The leave‐one‐scanner‐out evaluation showed good transferability of the algorithm to images from unseen scanners at slightly inferior performance. Furthermore, we found that DL‐based claustrum segmentation benefits from multi‐view information and requires a sample size of around 75 MRI scans in the training set. We conclude that the developed algorithm allows for robust automated claustrum segmentation and thus yields considerable potential for facilitating MRI‐based research of the human claustrum. The software and models of our method are made publicly available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v42.18
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25655
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492703-2
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Decreased cortical thickness mediates the relationship between premature birth and cognitive performance in adulthood
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 41, No. 17 ( 2020-12), p. 4952-4963
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 41, No. 17 ( 2020-12), p. 4952-4963
    Abstract: Cortical thickness (CTh) reflects cortical properties such as dendritic complexity and synaptic density, which are not only vulnerable to developmental disturbances caused by premature birth but also highly relevant for cognitive performance. We tested the hypotheses whether CTh in young adults is altered after premature birth and whether these aberrations are relevant for general cognitive abilities. We investigated CTh based on brain structural magnetic resonance imaging and surface‐based morphometry in a large and prospectively collected cohort of 101 very premature‐born adults ( 〈 32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight [BW] below 1,500 g) and 111 full‐term controls at 26 years of age. Cognitive performance was assessed by full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. CTh was reduced in frontal, parietal, and temporal associative cortices predominantly in the left hemisphere in premature‐born adults compared to controls. We found a significant positive association of CTh with both gestational age and BW, particularly in the left hemisphere, and a significant negative association between CTh and intensity of neonatal treatment within limited regions bilaterally. Full‐scale IQ and CTh in the left hemisphere were positively correlated. Furthermore, CTh in the left hemisphere acted as a mediator on the association between premature birth and full‐scale IQ. Results provide evidence that premature born adults have widespread reduced CTh that is relevant for their general cognitive performance. Data suggest lasting reductions in cortical microstructure subserving CTh after premature birth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v41.17
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25172
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492703-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Visual processing speed is linked to functional connectivity between right frontoparietal and visual networks
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  European Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 53, No. 10 ( 2021-05), p. 3362-3377
    Details
    In: European Journal of Neuroscience, Wiley, Vol. 53, No. 10 ( 2021-05), p. 3362-3377
    Abstract: Visual information processing requires an efficient visual attention system. The neural theory of visual attention (TVA) proposes that visual processing speed depends on the coordinated activity between frontoparietal and occipital brain areas. Previous research has shown that the coordinated activity between (i.e., functional connectivity and “inter‐FC”) cingulo‐opercular (COn) and right‐frontoparietal (RFPn) networks is linked to visual processing speed. However, how inter‐FC of COn and RFPn with visual networks links to visual processing speed has not been directly addressed yet. Forty‐eight healthy adult participants (27 females) underwent resting‐state (rs‐)fMRI and performed a whole‐report psychophysical task. To obtain inter‐FC, we analyzed the entire frequency range available in our rs‐fMRI data (i.e., 0.01–0.4 Hz) to avoid discarding neural information. Following previous approaches, we analyzed the data across frequency bins (Hz): Slow‐5 (0.01–0.027), Slow‐4 (0.027–0.073), Slow‐3 (0.073–0.198), and Slow‐2 (0.198–0.4). We used the mathematical TVA framework to estimate an individual, latent‐level visual processing speed parameter. We found that visual processing speed was negatively associated with inter‐FC between RFPn and visual networks in Slow‐5 and Slow‐2, with no corresponding significant association for inter‐FC between COn and visual networks. These results provide the first empirical evidence that links inter‐FC between RFPn and visual networks with the visual processing speed parameter. These findings suggest that direct connectivity between occipital and right frontoparietal, but not frontoinsular, regions support visual processing speed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0953-816X , 1460-9568
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ejn.v53.10
    DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15206
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005178-5
    SSG: 12
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